TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 123: Evaluation of the Flashing Yellow Arrow Permissive-Only Left-Turn Indication Field Implementation explores the crash experiences associated with the use of the flashing yellow arrow (FYA) permissive only left-turn indication.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Evaluation of the Flashing Yellow Arrow Permissive-Only Left-Turn Indication Field Implementation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/23111.
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