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The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of reference values that encompass a safe range of intake and provide recommended nutrient intakes for the United States and Canada. The DRIs for energy are used widely to provide guidance for maintaining energy balance on both an individual and group level.

U.S. and Canadian governments asked the National Academies to convene an expert committee to examine available evidence and provide updated Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs) for their populations. The resulting report presents EER equations that provide a baseline for dietary planners and assessors who are estimating energy needs and monitoring energy balance to enhance the general health of individuals and populations.

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Suggested Citation

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26818.

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Publication Info

542 pages |  6 x 9 | 

ISBNs: 
  • Paperback:  978-0-309-69723-1
  • Ebook:  978-0-309-69726-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/26818
Chapters skim
Front Matter i-xvi
Summary 1-18
1 Introduction 19-30
2 Overview of the DRI Process 31-36
3 Methodological Approach to Gathering Evidence 37-42
4 Factors Affecting Energy Expenditure and Requirements 43-64
5 Development of Prediction Equations for Estimated Energy Requirements 65-110
6 Assessing Energy Intakes, Physical Activity, and Indicators of Overweight and Obesity 111-144
7 Applications of the Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy 145-178
8 Risk Characterization and Public Health Implications 179-204
9 Research Recommendations 205-208
Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations 209-212
Appendix B: Committee Member Biographies 213-220
Appendix C: Open-Session Agendas 221-222
Appendix D: Literature Search Strategies and Results 223-254
Appendix E: Key Questions and Eligibility Criteria 255-270
Appendix F: AMSTAR 2 Tool 271-276
Appendix G: Data Analysis Report 277-310
Appendix H: Characteristics of the DLW Database 311-336
Appendix I: Characteristics of the DLW Validation Studies 337-340
Appendix J: Summary of Data Extracted from Systematic Reviews and Other Reviewed Literature 341-476
Appendix K: Interview Processes Used in National Surveys 477-480
Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada 481-516
Appendix M: Estimated Energy Requirements by Body Weight Status 517-526

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