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The latest of a series of publications based on workshops sponsored by the Committee on Military Nutrition Research, this book's focus on emerging technologies for nutrition research arose from a concern among scientists at the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine that traditional nutrition research, using standard techniques, centered more on complex issues of the maintenance or enhancement of performance, and might not be sufficiently substantive either to measure changes in performance or to predict the effects on performance of stresses soldiers commonly experience in operational environments. The committee's task was to identify and evaluate new technologies to determine whether they could help resolve important issues in military nutrition research. The book contains the committee's summary and recommendations as well as individually authored chapters based on presentations at a 1995 workshop. Other chapters cover techniques of body composition assessment, tracer techniques for the study of metabolism, ambulatory techniques for the determination of energy expenditure, molecular and cellular approaches to nutrition, the assessment of immune function, and functional and behavioral measures of nutritional status.

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Suggested Citation

Institute of Medicine. 1997. Emerging Technologies for Nutrition Research: Potential for Assessing Military Performance Capability. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/5827.

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Publication Info

729 pages |  6 x 9 | 

ISBNs: 
  • Paperback:  978-0-309-05797-4
  • Ebook:  978-0-309-17453-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/5827
Chapters skim
Front Matter i-xviii
I Committee Summary and Recommendations 1-2
1 Project Overview and Committee Summary 3-50
2 Committee Responses to Questions, Conclusions and Recommendations 51-68
II The Current Army Program and Its Future Needs 69-70
3 Emerging Technologies in Nutrition Research for the Military: Overview of the Issues 71-78
III Techniques of Body Composition Assessment 79-80
4 Military Application of Body Composition Assessment Technologies 81-126
5 Imaging Techniques of Body Composition: Advantages of Measurement and New Uses 127-150
6 Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry: Research Issues, and Equipment 151-168
7 Bioelectrical Impedance: A History, Research Issues, and Recent Consensus 169-192
Part III Discussion 193-198
IV Tracer Techniques for the Study of Metabolism 199-200
8 Stable Isotope Tracers: Technological Tools That Have Emerged 201-214
9 Measurement of Energy Substrate Metabolism Using Stable Isotopes 215-230
10 Combined Stable Isotope-Positron Emission Tomography for In Vivo Assessment of Protein Metabolism 231-258
11 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Liver and Muscle Glycogen Metabolism in Humans 259-272
Part IV Discussion 273-278
V Ambulatory Techniques for Measurement of Energy Expenditure 279-280
12 Doubly Labeled Water for Energy Expenditure 281-296
13 Measurement of Oxygen Uptake with Portable Equipment 297-314
14 Advances in Ambulatory Monitoring: Using Foot Contact Time to Estimate the Metabolic Cost of Locomotion 315-344
15 Noninvasive Measurement of Plasma Metabolites Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy 359-360
Part V Discussion 361-362
VI Molecular and Cellular Approaches to Nutrition 363-374
16 The Role of Metals in Gene Expression 375-388
17 Metabolic Regulation of Gene Expression 389-400
18 Use of Isolated-Cell and Metabolic Techniques Applied to Vitamin Transport and Disposition 401-414
19 Assessment of Cellular Dysfunction During Physiologic Stress 415-416
VII Assessment of Immune Function 417-430
20 The Validity of Blood and Urinary Cytokine Measurements for Detecting the Presence of Inflammation 431-450
21 New Approaches to the Study of Abnormal Immune Function 451-500
Part VI and VII Discussion 501-504
VIII Functional and Behavioral Measures of Nutritional Status 505-506
23 Involuntary Muscle Contraction to Assess Nutritional Status 507-518
24 Application of Cognitive Performance Assessment Technology to Military Nutrition Research 519-532
25 New Techniques for Assessment of Mental Performance in the Field 533-550
26 The Iowa Driving Simulator: Using Simulation for Human Performance Measurement 551-568
Part VIII Discussion 569-576
Appendixes 577-578
Appendix A: Workshop Agenda 579-584
Appendix B: Biographical Sketches 585-604
Appendix C: Abbreviations 605-608
Appendix D: Emerging Technologies for Nutrition Research - A Selected Biography 609-680
Index 681-711

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