@BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Breaking the Mold: Forging a Common Defense Manufacturing Vision", isbn = "978-0-309-04789-0", abstract = "Given the dramatic changes in the environment for national defense, concurrent with rapid improvements in commercial manufacturing capabilities, the Department of Defense (DOD) requires a new approach to designing, engineering, manufacturing, buying, and upgrading weapon systems.\nThis book provides both a vision for that new approach and a strategy by which the DOD can accomplish the necessary changes. The result will be a higher quality, more cost-effective weapon systems and a stronger industrial base while still accommodating diminishing procurement budgets.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2104/breaking-the-mold-forging-a-common-defense-manufacturing-vision", year = 1993, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "The Internationalization of U.S. Manufacturing: Causes and Consequences", isbn = "978-0-309-04331-1", abstract = "On the basis of discussions and analysis of the current environment for international competition, this book was written to dispel misconceptions regarding the motivating forces behind internationalization and, therefore, to improve understanding of both the challenges and the opportunities of a global market and production base. Important consequences of internationalization for both manufacturers and national policy are described. The volume provides an assessment of what it takes to be successful as manufacturers and as a nation in the international competitive environment.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1573/the-internationalization-of-us-manufacturing-causes-and-consequences", year = 1990, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Toward a New Era in U.S. Manufacturing: The Need for a National Vision", isbn = "978-0-309-07849-8", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1905/toward-a-new-era-in-us-manufacturing-the-need-for", year = 1986, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Linkages: Manufacturing Trends in Electronic Interconnection Technology", isbn = "978-0-309-10034-2", abstract = "Over the past two decades, the Department of Defense has been moving toward commercial-military integration for manufacturing, while at the same time, the printed circuit board industry has been moving steadily\noffshore. Today, many in DoD, the U.S. Congress, and the federal government lack a clear understanding of the importance of high-quality, trustworthy printed circuit boards (PrCBs) for properly functioning\nweapons and other defense systems and components. To help develop this understanding, DOD requested the NRC to identify and assess the key issues affecting PrCBs for military use. This report presents a discussion of how to ensure DOD's access to reliable printed circuits; an assessment of its vulnerability to the global printed circuit supply chain; and suggestions about ways to secure the design and manufacture\nof printed circuits. In addition, this report offers recommendations to help DoD (1) preserve existing systems' capabilities, (2) improve the military's access to currently available PrCBs, and (3) ensure access to future PrCB technology. The recommendations reflect the need to achieve\nthese goals at reasonable cost and in concert with evolving environmental regulations.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11515/linkages-manufacturing-trends-in-electronic-interconnection-technology", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "New Directions in Manufacturing: Report of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-09227-2", abstract = "The processes and techniques of manufacturing have changed substantially over the decades and that evolution continues today. In order to examine the potential impacts of these changes, the Department of Commerce asked the NRC to design a workshop to focus on issues central to the changing nature of manufacturing. The workshop brought together a number of experts to present papers about and to discuss the current state of manufacturing in the United States and the challenges it faces. This report presents the results of that workshop. Key challenges that emerged from the workshop and that are discussed include understanding manufacturing trends; manufacturing globalization; information technology opportunities; maintaining innovation; strengthening small and medium-sized enterprises; workforce education; and rising infrastructure costs.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11024/new-directions-in-manufacturing-report-of-a-workshop", year = 2004, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Learning to Change: Opportunities to Improve the Performance of Smaller Manufacturers", isbn = "978-0-309-04982-5", abstract = "Manufacturing firms\u2014large and small\u2014face massive change and adjustment as they move from a stable, fault-tolerant environment of long production runs to a volatile world in which production runs are short; product characteristics are changing constantly; and defect-free, on-time production at decreasing prices is a condition for survival. The necessary changes in the production organization include everything from the layout of the shop floor to the distribution of authority between managers and workers. The magnitude of these changes threatens to overwhelm the managerial capacities of firms, regardless of their size.\nThis study examines the particularly vulnerable situation of small and mid-size manufacturers and considers ways in which to help them undertake the many changes and adjustments necessary. These include assimilating the new tools, disciplines, and philosophy of lean manufacturing; embracing new ways of delegating responsibilities; and developing new kinds of partnerships among customers, suppliers, and employees.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2239/learning-to-change-opportunities-to-improve-the-performance-of-smaller", year = 1993, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Sensor Systems for Biological Agent Attacks: Protecting Buildings and Military Bases", isbn = "978-0-309-09576-1", abstract = "Over the last ten years, there has been growing concern about potential biological attacks on the nation\u2019s population and its military facilities. It is now possible to detect such attacks quickly enough to permit treatment of potential victims prior to the onset of symptoms. The capability to \u201cdetect to warn\u201d, that is in time to take action to minimize human exposure, however, is still lacking. To help achieve such a capability, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) asked the National Research Council (NRC) to assess the development path for \u201cdetect to warn\u201d sensors systems. This report presents the results of this assessment including analysis of scenarios for protecting facilities, sensor requirements, and detection technologies and systems. Findings and recommendations are provided for the most probable path to achieve a detect-to-warn capability and potential technological breakthroughs that could accelerate its attainment.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11207/sensor-systems-for-biological-agent-attacks-protecting-buildings-and-military", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Is That Real?: Identification and Assessment of the Counterfeiting Threat for U.S. Banknotes", isbn = "978-0-309-10124-0", abstract = "A key mission of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing of the Department of the Treasury is the design and printing of U.S. banknotes. The BEP is responsible for producing easily recognizable currency that is difficult to counterfeit. In recent years, the bureau has recognized the modern information technology could lead to entirely new types of counterfeiting threats, and it has requested a number of studies by the NRC to assess these evolving threats. In this new request, the BEP asked the NRC to identify and evaluate significant emerging counterfeiting threats and to assess technologically feasible counterfeit-deterrent features for potential use in new designs. This first report provides an assessment of emerging threats including a wide range of digital imaging and printing techniques. It also presents an analysis of a systems approach to the counterfeiting threat. The second report will offer an evaluation of new banknote features to address these threats.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11638/is-that-real-identification-and-assessment-of-the-counterfeiting-threat", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Munitions Manufacturing: A Call for Modernization", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10351/munitions-manufacturing-a-call-for-modernization", year = 2002, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "A Path to the Next Generation of U.S. Banknotes: Keeping Them Real", isbn = "978-0-309-10578-1", abstract = "The rapid pace at which digital printing is advancing is posing a very serious challenge to the U.S. Department of the Treasury\u2019s Bureau of Printing (BEP). The BEP needs to stay ahead of the evolving counterfeiting threats to U.S. currency. To help meet that challenge, A Path to the Next Generation of U.S. Banknotes provides an assessment of technologies and methods to produce designs that enhance the security of U.S. Federal Reserve notes (FRNs). This book presents the results of a systematic investigation of the trends in digital imaging and printing and how they enable emerging counterfeiting threats. It also provides the identification and analysis of new features of FRNs that could provide effective countermeasures to these threats and an overview of a requirements-driven development process that could be adapted to develop an advanced-generation currency. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11874/a-path-to-the-next-generation-of-us-banknotes-keeping", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Unit Manufacturing Processes: Issues and Opportunities in Research", isbn = "978-0-309-05192-7", abstract = "Manufacturing, reduced to its simplest form, involves the sequencing of product forms through a number of different processes. Each individual step, known as an unit manufacturing process, can be viewed as the fundamental building block of a nation's manufacturing capability. A committee of the National Research Council has prepared a report to help define national priorities for research in unit processes. It contains an organizing framework for unit process families, criteria for determining the criticality of a process or manufacturing technology, examples of research opportunities, and a prioritized list of enabling technologies that can lead to the manufacture of products of superior quality at competitive costs. The study was performed under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation and the Defense Department's Manufacturing Technology Program.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4827/unit-manufacturing-processes-issues-and-opportunities-in-research", year = 1995, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Transfer of Pollution Prevention Technologies", isbn = "978-0-309-08402-4", abstract = "The activities of the Department of Defense (DOD) and its contractors in manufacturing, testing, maintaining, and disposing of military equipment make up a significant portion of the industrial processes conducted in the United States. As is the case with the commercial industries, some of these activities, such as metal plating, have resulted in industrial pollution and environmental contamination. With increasing environmental regulation of such processes in recent decades, defense facilities have been faced with growing compliance issues. Department of Defense efforts to manage, correct, and prevent these problems have included the establishment of the National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence (NDCEE) under the management of the U.S. Army Industrial Ecology Center (IEC).The National Research Council's Committee to Evaluate Transfer of Pollution Prevention Technology for the U.S. Army was formed to identify major barriers to the transfer of pollution prevention technologies and to recommend pathways to success. To address the study objectives, the committee (1) reviewed the NDCEE's technology transfer activities, (2) examined efforts to transfer technology in four areas, two of which were identified at the outset by the NDCEE as successful and two of which were identified as unsuccessful, and (3) identified opportunities for improving the transfer of pollution prevention technologies to maintenance and rework facilities in the Department of Defense and to industrial manufacturing facilities performing defense-related operations.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10321/transfer-of-pollution-prevention-technologies", year = 2002, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "The U.S. Machine Tool Industry and the Defense Industrial Base", isbn = "978-0-309-07768-2", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1730/the-us-machine-tool-industry-and-the-defense-industrial-base", year = 1983, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Computer Integration Engineering Design and Production: A National Opportunity", isbn = "978-0-309-07777-4", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/811/computer-integration-engineering-design-and-production-a-national-opportunity", year = 1984, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Dispelling the Manufacturing Myth: American Factories Can Compete in the Global Marketplace", isbn = "978-0-309-04676-3", abstract = "Conventional wisdom holds that high wages, high capital costs, and worker inflexibility have cost America its ability to compete in the world manufacturing marketplace. This book demonstrates that U.S.-based manufacturing can compete in terms of quality, product features, and timely delivery\u2014the real measures of competitiveness in the 1990s.\nThe committee identifies attributes that attract manufacturers to given locations and assesses the attractiveness of the United States as a location for different kinds of manufacturing. The volume dispels myths that have guided management decision making in the past and offers recommendations to promote the United States as a manufacturing site.\nThe volume discusses new approaches to understanding and controlling costs. With case studies from three important industries\u2014consumer electronics, semiconductors, and automobiles\u2014the book explores factors in site location decisions, highlighting advantages the United States can offer as a manufacturing site over low-cost rivals.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1890/dispelling-the-manufacturing-myth-american-factories-can-compete-in-the", year = 1992, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Improving Engineering Design: Designing for Competitive Advantage", isbn = "978-0-309-04478-3", abstract = "Effective design and manufacturing, both of which are necessary to produce high-quality products, are closely related. However, effective design is a prerequisite for effective manufacturing. This new book explores the status of engineering design practice, education, and research in the United States and recommends ways to improve design to increase U.S. industry's competitiveness in world markets.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1774/improving-engineering-design-designing-for-competitive-advantage", year = 1991, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Research Directions in Computational Mechanics", isbn = "978-0-309-04648-0", abstract = "Computational mechanics is a scientific discipline that marries physics, computers, and mathematics to emulate natural physical phenomena. It is a technology that allows scientists to study and predict the performance of various products\u2014important for research and development in the industrialized world.\nThis book describes current trends and future research directions in computational mechanics in areas where gaps exist in current knowledge and where major advances are crucial to continued technological developments in the United States.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1909/research-directions-in-computational-mechanics", year = 1991, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Advanced Energetic Materials", isbn = "978-0-309-09160-2", abstract = "Advanced energetic materials\u2014explosive fill and propellants\u2014are a critical technology for national security. While several new promising concepts and formulations have emerged in recent years, the Department of Defense is concerned about the nation\u2019s ability to maintain and improve the knowledge base in this area. To assist in addressing these concerns, two offices within DOD asked the NRC to investigate and assess the scope and health of the U.S. R&D efforts in energetic materials. This report provides that assessment. It presents several findings about the current R&D effort and recommendations aimed at improving U.S. capabilities in developing new energetic materials technology.\n\nThis study reviewed U.S. research and development in advanced energetics being conducted by DoD, the DoE national laboratories, industries, and academia, from a list provided by the sponsors. It also: (a) reviewed papers and technology assessments of non-U.S. work in advanced energetics, assessed important parameters, such as validity, viability, and the likelihood that each of these materials can be produced in quantity; (b) identified barriers to scale-up and production, and suggested technical approaches for addressing potential problems; and (c) suggested specific opportunities, strategies, and priorities for government sponsorship of technologies and manufacturing process development. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10918/advanced-energetic-materials", year = 2004, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond: Meeting the Changing Needs of National Defense", isbn = "978-0-309-06376-0", abstract = "The end of the Cold War, the evolving mission of the U.S. Armed Services, the dramatic improvements in commercial manufacturing\u2014these and other trends are changing how we provide for the common defense. What will we need in the way of defense manufacturing in the year 2010\u2014a short few years away? How should we best spend our defense funds?\nDefense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond sets forth a vision for the nation's defense manufacturing, including policies, technologies, systems, processes, practices, and financial implications. Eight specific trends are forecast\u2014defense spending, the relationship between defense and commerical industries, the nature of the threat to our nation, the emergence of new technologies, and other areas\u2014and their implications for defense manufacturing are explored.\nThe committee describes manufacturing advancements that are around the corner\u2014virtual enterprise, and more\u2014and examines how these breakthroughs will likely meet or fail to meet defense manufacturing requirements. This expert panel identifies the highest priorities and recommends strategies for matching future manufacturing capabilities with our defense needs. February", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6373/defense-manufacturing-in-2010-and-beyond-meeting-the-changing-needs", year = 1999, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Innovation and Transfer of U.S. Air Force Manufacturing Technology", isbn = "978-0-309-07766-8", abstract = "Air force sponsorship of manufacturing technology projects is often based on the hope that the results will not only benefit the original contractors, but also will be transferred to other Air Force contractors. While some innovations are readily adopted, others are rejected for a variety of reasons. An understanding of those reasons and the process by which investment decisions are made will enable the Air Force to establish policies and procedures to enhance the likelihood of successful technology transfer to its competitors.\nAs manufacturing systems become more complex and more integrated, transfers of hardware\/software combinations will be increasingly common. Innovation and Transfer of the U.S. Air Force Manufacturing Technology examines three instances involving manufacturing research and development projects completed under contract to the Air Force to explain why attempted transfers of military sponsored manufacturing technology succeed or fail. The report presents a model based on these three case studies which describes the decision-making process used by potential adopters of innovations.\nBased on the case studies, Innovation and Transfer of the U.S. Air Force Manufacturing Technology suggests that more attention be directed towards the characteristics of the technologies, as well as to the aspects of transferring organizations. It proposes changes in contracting procedures to increase the diffusion of such technology and recommends that one or more case studies be conducted on the transfer of manufacturing systems that involve such hardware\/software combinations.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/720/innovation-and-transfer-of-us-air-force-manufacturing-technology", year = 1981, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }