TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Allie Boman TI - Reproductive Health, Equity, and Society: Exploring Data Challenges and Needs in the Wake of the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization Decision: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/27523 PY - 2024 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27523/reproductive-health-equity-and-society-exploring-data-challenges-and-needs PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - In the 2022 Dobbs v. Jackson Womens Health Organization decision, the U.S. Supreme Court removed the constitutional right to abortion by overturning Roe v. Wade, challenging and restricting the access and quality of Americans reproductive health care. In October 2023, the National Academies hosted a hybrid public workshop discussing new partnerships and methodologies in data generation, data integrity, data-sharing, and patient privacy needed to enable the health care and policymaking communities to understand the effects of resulting policies across the United States. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Emily A. Wang A2 - Bruce Western A2 - Emily P. Backes A2 - Julie Schuck TI - Decarcerating Correctional Facilities during COVID-19: Advancing Health, Equity, and Safety SN - DO - 10.17226/25945 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25945/decarcerating-correctional-facilities-during-covid-19-advancing-health-equity-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - The conditions and characteristics of correctional facilities - overcrowded with rapid population turnover, often in old and poorly ventilated structures, a spatially concentrated pattern of releases and admissions in low-income communities of color, and a health care system that is siloed from community public health - accelerates transmission of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for COVID-19. Such conditions increase the risk of coming into contact with the virus for incarcerated people, correctional staff, and their families and communities. Relative to the general public, moreover, incarcerated individuals have a higher prevalence of chronic health conditions such as asthma, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, making them susceptible to complications should they become infected. Indeed, cumulative COVID-19 case rates among incarcerated people and correctional staff have grown steadily higher than case rates in the general population. Decarcerating Correctional Facilities during COVID-19 offers guidance on efforts to decarcerate, or reduce the incarcerated population, as a response to COIVD-19 pandemic. This report examines best practices for implementing decarceration as a response to the pandemic and the conditions that support safe and successful reentry of those decarcerated. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Enriqueta C. Bond A2 - Kenne Dibner A2 - Heidi Schweingruber TI - Reopening K-12 Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prioritizing Health, Equity, and Communities SN - DO - 10.17226/25858 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25858/reopening-k-12-schools-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-prioritizing PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Health and Medicine AB - The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges to the nation's K-12 education system. The rush to slow the spread of the virus led to closures of schools across the country, with little time to ensure continuity of instruction or to create a framework for deciding when and how to reopen schools. States, districts, and schools are now grappling with the complex and high-stakes questions of whether to reopen school buildings and how to operate them safely if they do reopen. These decisions need to be informed by the most up-to-date evidence about the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19; about the impacts of school closures on students and families; and about the complexities of operating school buildings as the pandemic persists. Reopening K-12 Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prioritizing Health, Equity, and Communities provides guidance on the reopening and operation of elementary and secondary schools for the 2020-2021 school year. The recommendations of this report are designed to help districts and schools successfully navigate the complex decisions around reopening school buildings, keeping them open, and operating them safely. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Sarah M. Tracey A2 - Erin Kellogg A2 - Clarissa E. Sanchez A2 - Wendy Keenan TI - Achieving Behavioral Health Equity for Children, Families, and Communities: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25347 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25347/achieving-behavioral-health-equity-for-children-families-and-communities-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - In November 2017, the The Forum on Promoting Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health, in collaboration with the Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity, convened a workshop on promoting children's behavioral health equity. The workshop used a socio-ecological developmental model to explore health equity of children and families, including those with complex needs and chronic conditions. Particular attention was paid to challenges experienced by children and families in both rural and urban contexts, to include but not limited to poverty, individual and institutional racism, low-resourced communities, and hindered access to educational and health care services. Workshop participants also engaged in solution-oriented discussions of initiatives, policies, and programs that aim to improve social determinants of health, opportunities for behavioral health promotion, and access to quality services that address the behavioral health of all children and families. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the event. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jamie Durana TI - State-Level Legal and Political Strategies Following the Repeal of Roe v. Wade: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/27452 PY - 2024 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27452/state-level-legal-and-political-strategies-following-the-repeal-of-roe-v-wade PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - The National Academies Standing Committee on Reproductive Health, Equity, and Society hosted a virtual public webinar in October 2023 to explore state-level legal and political strategies to increase access to reproductive health care services, including abortion care, following the Dobbs v. Jackson Womens Health Organization ruling, which overturned the 1972 Roe v. Wade decision. Discussions included updates on state and federal legal challenges to abortion bans, the role of ballot initiatives in reproductive rights, additional strategic avenues such as legislative advocacy, how the legal landscape affects the science of reproductive health care, and more. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jamie Durana TI - Physician Perspectives and Workforce Implications Following the Repeal of Roe v. Wade: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/27211 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27211/physician-perspectives-and-workforce-implications-following-the-repeal-of-roe-v-wade PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - The National Academies Standing Committee on Reproductive Health, Equity, and Society and the National Academy of Medicine, committed to equitable access to quality reproductive health, hosted a webinar, After Roe: Physician Perspectives and Workforce Implications, in May 2023. Discussions increased awareness and promoted dialogue in the medical, public health, societal, and general population. Speakers explored clinician workforce impacts of legal restrictions on the provision of reproductive health services in the U.S. Practicing physicians from obstetrics-gynecology, maternal-fetal medicine, family medicine, emergency medicine, and oncology provided their perspectives on the effects of the legal limitations on their well-being (e.g., moral distress), professional futures, and institutional supports. Perspectives included individuals from a range of states with varying legal restrictions. This proceedings document summarizes the discussions held during the webinar. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Megan Snair TI - Reimagining a System of Care to Promote the Well-Being of Children and Families: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26098 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26098/reimagining-a-system-of-care-to-promote-the-well-being-of-children-and-families PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The economic and physical and health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic were disproportionately borne by Black, Hispanic, and Native Americans. The true impacts on children and families may not be fully known until after the pandemic ends, but many agree that a new system of care is needed to promote the well-being of children and families in the pandemic’s aftermath. On September 14-15, 2020, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Forum for Children’s Well-Being organized a workshop focused on building systems to support children and families in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Workshop speakers and organizers paid particular attention to how economic, behavioral, and public health systems that can combat racism and promote the well-being of children and families. Participants engaged in discussionsabout a broad range of existing tools and resources that could be used to further promote family well-being and health equity in the United States. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jamie Durana TI - Harassment and Violence Against Health Professionals Who Provide Reproductive Care: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/27518 PY - 2024 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27518/harassment-and-violence-against-health-professionals-who-provide-reproductive-care PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - In December 2023, the National Academies hosted a public webinar in which medical and human rights experts explored concerns related to harassment, threats, and physical attacks against health care professionals working to provide essential reproductive health care. The event was the fourth in a webinar series designed to consider society-wide effects of limits to reproductive health care access in the U.S. following the 2022 Supreme Court Decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Womens Health Organization. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the webinar. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jamie Durana TI - Challenges in the Provision of Lifesaving Care for Pregnant Patients Following the Overturn of Roe v. Wade: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/27242 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27242/challenges-in-the-provision-of-lifesaving-care-for-pregnant-patients-following-the-overturn-of-roe-v-wade PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - State laws restricting abortion often contain some degree of exception to save the life of the pregnant person, but varying legal interpretations of those exceptions may create a confusing legal landscape for clinicians and lead to delays providing lifesaving treatment. The National Academies Standing Committee on Reproductive Health, Equity, and Society held a public workshop in an After Roe series to explore the current challenges of, and potential solutions to, delays in the provision of lifesaving care for people experiencing pregnancy complications or serious illness or injury while pregnant. Speakers considered the myriad of legal, policy, and provider challenges and the effect of these challenges on the delivery of care and clinician well-being. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the discussions held during the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Erin Hammers Forstag TI - Supporting Children with Disabilities: Lessons from the Pandemic: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26702 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26702/supporting-children-with-disabilities-lessons-from-the-pandemic-proceedings-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - An estimated 10 percent of children in the United States are living with disabilities, including a disproportionate number of children living in poverty and children of marginalized racial and ethnic groups. During the pandemic, children with disabilities suffered disproportionately compared to their peers without disabilities. To learn more about what policies and practices might be sustained or implemented beyond the pandemic to support children with disabilities and their families, the Board on Children, Youth, and Families hosted a workshop on June 13-15, 2022. Workshop presenters included service providers, researchers, government leaders, youth with disabilities, and caregivers of children and youth with disabilities. In this workshop, practices were identified that could improve the system of care for children with disabilities as well as improve access to services for underserved and marginalized populations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Daniel Melnick A2 - Edward Perrin TI - Improving Racial and Ethnic Data on Health: Report of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10833 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10833/improving-racial-and-ethnic-data-on-health-report-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - The panel convened the Workshop on Improving Racial and Ethnic Data in Health to review information about current private-sector and state data collection practices in light of existing federal, state, and local regulations, laws, and requirements. The workshop presentations featured the perspectives of data users, health care providers, insurance plan representatives, state and local public health officials, and regulatory officials. Participants assessed policies, practices, barriers, and opportunities for collecting racial and ethnic data in their settings, and explored ways that private and state systems can be improved to address data needs. In preparation for the workshop, the panel commissioned four background papers to fill gaps in knowledge of private-sector and state government policies and practices and to address the importance of racial and ethnic data collection. The panel is also examining the role of socioeconomic status regarding health and health care disparities. However, the workshop intended to focus only on racial and ethnic data collection. The panel's final report will contain a full consideration of the collection of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic status data. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Joah G. Iannotta TI - Emerging Issues in Hispanic Health: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10485 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10485/emerging-issues-in-hispanic-health-summary-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Hispanics are defined as people of Spanish-speaking origin from Latin America, the Caribbean, or Europe. Hispanics vary in terms of socioeconomic status, race, religion and/or more. A common occurrence among the Hispanics, however, are the emerging issues concerning their health.It is estimated that by 2050 Hispanics will make up more than 25% of the United States' population. It is thus important that they have the resources to contribute maximally to American society. This can come about by first understanding and dealing with issues surrounding their health. In hopes of examining these issues and as a part of its continuing commitment to promote a national dialogue on race and diversity in the United States, the National Academies organized an expert meeting on Emerging Issues in Hispanic Health on April 10, 2002. Emerging Issues in Hispanic Health: Summary of a Workshop includes a review of key demographic data, such as population statistics, that characterize the Hispanic population in the United States; research on the socioeconomic, sociocultural, and behavioral determinants of health; effects of selective migration; the apparent epidemiological paradox : the relatively positive health outcomes observed in some Hispanic populations despite their relatively poor socioeconomic status or other types of disadvantage such as discrimination; and more. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Rodolfo A. Bulatao A2 - Norman B. Anderson TI - Understanding Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life: A Research Agenda SN - DO - 10.17226/11036 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11036/understanding-racial-and-ethnic-differences-in-health-in-late-life PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - As the population of older Americans grows, it is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse. Differences in health by racial and ethnic status could be increasingly consequential for health policy and programs. Such differences are not simply a matter of education or ability to pay for health care. For instance, Asian Americans and Hispanics appear to be in better health, on a number of indicators, than White Americans, despite, on average, lower socioeconomic status. The reasons are complex, including possible roles for such factors as selective migration, risk behaviors, exposure to various stressors, patient attitudes, and geographic variation in health care. This volume, produced by a multidisciplinary panel, considers such possible explanations for racial and ethnic health differentials within an integrated framework. It provides a concise summary of available research and lays out a research agenda to address the many uncertainties in current knowledge. It recommends, for instance, looking at health differentials across the life course and deciphering the links between factors presumably producing differentials and biopsychosocial mechanisms that lead to impaired health. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Michele Ver Ploeg A2 - Edward Perrin TI - Eliminating Health Disparities: Measurement and Data Needs SN - DO - 10.17226/10979 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10979/eliminating-health-disparities-measurement-and-data-needs PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - Disparities in health and health care across racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds in the United States are well documented. The reasons for these disparities are, however, not well understood. Current data available on race, ethnicity, SEP, and accumulation and language use are severely limited. The report examines data collection and reporting systems relating to the collection of data on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic position and offers recommendations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Norman B. Anderson A2 - Rodolfo A. Bulatao A2 - Barney Cohen TI - Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life SN - DO - 10.17226/11086 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11086/critical-perspectives-on-racial-and-ethnic-differences-in-health-in-late-life PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good--or equally poor--health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Measuring Health Performance in the Public Sector: A Summary of Two Reports SN - DO - 10.17226/9603 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9603/measuring-health-performance-in-the-public-sector-a-summary-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The Panel on Performance Measures and Data for Public Health Performance Partnership Grants was established at the request of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Its charge is to examine the state of the art in performance measurement for public health and to recommend measures that could be used to monitor the Performance Partnership Grant agreements to be negotiated between each state and the federal government. The panel was asked to consider performance measures in ten areas, which are clearly a subset of the full range of traditional public health concerns: chronic diseases; sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and tuberculosis; mental health; immunization; substance abuse; and three areas of prevention of special interest to DHHS-sexual assault, disabilities, and emergency medical services. This report focuses on measures that states and the federal government can use over the next 3 to 5 years to negotiate agreements and monitor performance in these areas. A later report will examine additional measures that might be developed from new research findings on program effectiveness or as improvements are made to state and federal surveys and data systems. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Linda G. Martin A2 - Beth J. Soldo TI - Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Health of Older Americans SN - DO - 10.17226/5237 PY - 1997 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5237/racial-and-ethnic-differences-in-the-health-of-older-americans PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - Older Americans, even the oldest, can now expect to live years longer than those who reached the same ages even a few decades ago. Although survival has improved for all racial and ethnic groups, strong differences persist, both in life expectancy and in the causes of disability and death at older ages. This book examines trends in mortality rates and selected causes of disability (cardiovascular disease, dementia) for older people of different racial and ethnic groups. The determinants of these trends and differences are also investigated, including differences in access to health care and experiences in early life, diet, health behaviors, genetic background, social class, wealth and income. Groups often neglected in analyses of national data, such as the elderly Hispanic and Asian Americans of different origin and immigrant generations, are compared. The volume provides understanding of research bearing on the health status and survival of the fastest-growing segment of the American population. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Joe Alper A2 - Karen Anderson A2 - Sarah Domnitz TI - Developing Affordable and Accessible Community-Based Housing for Vulnerable Adults: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/24787 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24787/developing-affordable-and-accessible-community-based-housing-for-vulnerable-adults PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Accessible and affordable housing can enable community living, maximize independence, and promote health for vulnerable populations. However, the United States faces a shortage of affordable and accessible housing for low-income older adults and individuals living with disabilities. This shortage is expected to grow over the coming years given the population shifts leading to greater numbers of older adults and of individuals living with disabilities. Housing is a social determinant of health and has direct effects on health outcomes, but this relationship has not been thoroughly investigated. In December 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a public workshop to better understand the importance of affordable and accessible housing for older adults and people with disabilities, the barriers to providing this housing, the design principles for making housing accessible for these individuals, and the features of programs and policies that successfully provide affordable and accessible housing that supports community living for older adults and people with disabilities. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Linda Casola TI - Structural Racism and Rigorous Models of Social Inequity: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26690 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26690/structural-racism-and-rigorous-models-of-social-inequity-proceedings-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Structural racism refers to the public and private policies, institutional practices, norms, and cultural representations that inherently create unequal freedom, opportunity, value, resources, advantage, restrictions, constraints, or disadvantage for individuals and populations according to their race and ethnicity both across the life course and between generations. Developing a research agenda on structural racism includes consideration of the historical and contemporary policies and other structural factors that explicitly or implicitly affect the health and well-being of individuals, families, and communities, as well as strategies to measure those factors. The Committee on Population of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a 2-day public workshop on May 16-17, 2022, to identify and discuss the mechanisms through which structural racism operates, with a particular emphasis on health and well-being; to develop an agenda for future research and data collection on structural racism; and to strengthen the evidence base for policy making. Speaker presentations and workshop discussions provided insights into known sources of structural racism and rigorous models of health inequity, revealed novel sources and approaches informed by other disciplines and related fields, and highlighted key research and data priorities for future work on structural racism and health inequity. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Linda Casola TI - Aging in Place with Dementia: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/27420 PY - 2024 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27420/aging-in-place-with-dementia-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Although much research has been conducted on community-level factors related to the risk of dementia in general, less is known about the factors that affect the ability of older adults with dementia to age in place successfully. Additional research could lead to a better understanding of the data and resources needed to support innovative approaches for adaptive housing, services, and supports so that people living with dementia can remain in their communities. To explore these needs and develop effective strategies for the future, the Committee on Population and Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop on aging in place with dementia on September 13-15, 2023. Sponsored by the National Institute on Aging, this workshop highlighted the state of knowledge and identified research gaps to inform conceptual approaches to guide research on dementia-friendly communities in the U.S. context, building on existing approaches in the field. ER -