%0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Community Development Quota Program in Alaska %@ 978-0-309-06082-0 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6114/the-community-development-quota-program-in-alaska %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6114/the-community-development-quota-program-in-alaska %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Earth Sciences %P 228 %X This book reviews the performance and effectiveness of the Community Development Quotas (CDQ) programs that were formed as a result of the Sustainable Fisheries Act of 1996. The CDQ program is a method of allocating access to fisheries to eligible communities with the intent of promoting local social and economic conditions through participation in fishing-related activities. The book looks at those Alaskan fisheries that have experience with CDQs, such as halibut, pollock, sablefish, and crab, and comments on the extent to which the programs have met their objectives—helping communities develop ongoing commercial fishing and processing activities, creating employment opportunities, and providing capital for investment in fishing, processing, and support projects such as infrastructure. It also considers how CDQ-type programs might apply in the Western Pacific. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: II. Evaluating Research Progress and Updating the Portfolio %@ 978-0-309-06638-9 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9646/research-priorities-for-airborne-particulate-matter-ii-evaluating-research-progress %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9646/research-priorities-for-airborne-particulate-matter-ii-evaluating-research-progress %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 128 %X In the effort to reduce the scientific and technical uncertainties over regulation of airborne particulate matter in the United States, Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: II. Evaluating Research Progress and Updating the Portfolio, the second book in a four-part series requested by Congress, describes the plans of the committee to monitor the progress of the research on particulate matter conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), other federal and state government agencies, and nongovernmental organizations. The book also reviews and updates the committee's portfolio of recommended research in its first volume, Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: I. Immediate Priorities and a Long-Range Research Portfolio (NRC, 1998). The committee substantially revised two of the ten high-priority research areas recommended in Part I. Part II notes that Congress, EPA, and the scientific community have given strong support to the committee's recommendations and have implemented substantial changes in research efforts in response to Part I of the series. One important research area-studies of the effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter and other major air pollutants-however, does not appear to be underway or planned. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates %@ 978-0-309-08914-2 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10713/occupational-health-and-safety-in-the-care-and-use-of-nonhuman-primates %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10713/occupational-health-and-safety-in-the-care-and-use-of-nonhuman-primates %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 180 %X The field of occupational health and safety constantly changes, especially as it pertains to biomedical research. New infectious hazards are of particular importance at nonhuman-primate facilities. For example, the discovery that B virus can be transmitted via a splash on a mucous membrane raises new concerns that must be addressed, as does the discovery of the Reston strain of Ebola virus in import quarantine facilities in the U.S. The risk of such infectious hazards is best managed through a flexible and comprehensive Occupational Health and Safety Program (OHSP) that can identify and mitigate potential hazards. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates is intended as a reference for vivarium managers, veterinarians, researchers, safety professionals, and others who are involved in developing or implementing an OHSP that deals with nonhuman primates. The book lists the important features of an OHSP and provides the tools necessary for informed decision-making in developing an optimal program that meets all particular institutional needs. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Geological and Geotechnical Engineering in the New Millennium: Opportunities for Research and Technological Innovation %@ 978-0-309-10009-0 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11558/geological-and-geotechnical-engineering-in-the-new-millennium-opportunities-for %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11558/geological-and-geotechnical-engineering-in-the-new-millennium-opportunities-for %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Engineering and Technology %P 220 %X The field of geoengineering is at a crossroads where the path to high-tech solutions meets the path to expanding applications of geotechnology. In this report, the term "geoengineering" includes all types of engineering that deal with Earth materials, such as geotechnical engineering, geological engineering, hydrological engineering, and Earth-related parts of petroleum engineering and mining engineering. The rapid expansion of nanotechnology, biotechnology, and information technology begs the question of how these new approaches might come to play in developing better solutions for geotechnological problems. This report presents a vision for the future of geotechnology aimed at National Science Foundation (NSF) program managers, the geological and geotechnical engineering community as a whole, and other interested parties, including Congress, federal and state agencies, industry, academia, and other stakeholders in geoengineering research. Some of the ideas may be close to reality whereas others may turn out to be elusive, but they all present possibilities to strive for and potential goals for the future. Geoengineers are poised to expand their roles and lead in finding solutions for modern Earth systems problems, such as global change, emissions-free energy supply, global water supply, and urban systems. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: I. Immediate Priorities and a Long-Range Research Portfolio %@ 978-0-309-06094-3 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6131/research-priorities-for-airborne-particulate-matter-i-immediate-priorities-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6131/research-priorities-for-airborne-particulate-matter-i-immediate-priorities-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 216 %X New National Ambient Air Quality Standards for airborne particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers, called PM2.5, were issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) amidst scientific uncertainty and controversy. In response to a request from Congress, Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter, the first of four books in a series, offers a conceptual framework for an integrated national program of particulate-matter research, identifies the 10 most critical research needs linked to key policy-related scientific uncertainties, and describes the recommended timing and estimated costs of such research. The committee concludes that EPA should devote more resources to investigating the relationships between fixed-site outdoor monitoring data and actual human breathing-zone exposures to ambient particulate matter and to identifying the most biologically important constituents and characteristics of particulate matter through toxicological studies. The recommended research activities are critical to determining actual exposures of human subpopulations most susceptible to harm from the most hazardous constituents of particulate matter. Future research will be an investment in public health and a means to ensure that resources spent on control technology and regulatory compliance will have a reasonable probability of success. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens %@ 978-0-309-09122-0 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11010/indicators-for-waterborne-pathogens %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11010/indicators-for-waterborne-pathogens %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %P 328 %X Recent and forecasted advances in microbiology, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry have made it timely to reassess the current paradigm of relying predominantly or exclusively on traditional bacterial indicators for all types of waterborne pathogens.  Nonetheless, indicator approaches will still be required for the foreseeable future because it is not practical or feasible to monitor for the complete spectrum of microorganisms that may occur in water, and many known pathogens are difficult to detect directly and reliably in water samples.  This comprehensive report recommends the development and use of a “tool box” approach by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and others for assessing microbial water quality in which available indicator organisms (and/or pathogens in some cases) and detection method(s) are matched to the requirements of a particular application.  The report further recommends the use of a phased, three-level monitoring framework to support the selection of indicators and indicator approaches.  %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %T Integrity in Scientific Research: Creating an Environment That Promotes Responsible Conduct %@ 978-0-309-08479-6 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10430/integrity-in-scientific-research-creating-an-environment-that-promotes-responsible %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10430/integrity-in-scientific-research-creating-an-environment-that-promotes-responsible %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Education %P 216 %X "Most people say that it is the intellect which makes a great scientist. They are wrong: it is character."—Albert Einstein Integrity in Scientific Research attempts to define and describe those elements that encourage individuals involved with scientific research to act with integrity. Recognizing the inconsistency of human behavior, it stresses the important role that research institutions play in providing an integrity—rich environment, citing the need for institutions to provide staff with training and education, policies and procedures, and tools and support systems. It identifies practices that characterize integrity in such areas as peer review and research on human subjects and weighs the strengths and limitations of self—evaluation efforts by these institutions. In addition, it details an approach to promoting integrity during the education of researchers, including how to develop an effective curriculum. Providing a framework for research and educational institutions, this important book will be essential for anyone concerned about ethics in the scientific community. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Effective Chemistry Communication in Informal Environments %@ 978-0-309-37752-2 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21790/effective-chemistry-communication-in-informal-environments %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21790/effective-chemistry-communication-in-informal-environments %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Education %P 168 %X Chemistry plays a critical role in daily life, impacting areas such as medicine and health, consumer products, energy production, the ecosystem, and many other areas. Communicating about chemistry in informal environments has the potential to raise public interest and understanding of chemistry around the world. However, the chemistry community lacks a cohesive, evidence-based guide for designing effective communication activities. This report is organized into two sections. Part A: The Evidence Base for Enhanced Communication summarizes evidence from communications, informal learning, and chemistry education on effective practices to communicate with and engage publics outside of the classroom; presents a framework for the design of chemistry communication activities; and identifies key areas for future research. Part B: Communicating Chemistry: A Framework for Sharing Science is a practical guide intended for any chemists to use in the design, implementation, and evaluation of their public communication efforts.