TY - BOOK TI - An Assessment of Techniques for Removing Offshore Structures DO - 10.17226/9072 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9072/an-assessment-of-techniques-for-removing-offshore-structures PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Renewable Power Pathways: A Review of the U.S. Department of Energy's Renewable Energy Programs SN - DO - 10.17226/9843 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9843/renewable-power-pathways-a-review-of-the-us-department-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Energy and Energy Conservation AB - Renewable Power Pathways is the result of a study by the National Research Council (NRC) Committee for the Programmatic Review of the Office of Power Technologies (OPT) review of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Power Technologies and its research and development (R&D) programs. The OPT, which is part of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, conducts R&D programs for the production of electricity from renewable energy sources. Some of these programs are focused on photovoltaic, wind, solar, thermal, geothermal, biopower, and hydroelectric energy technologies; others are focused on energy storage, electric transmission (including superconductivity), and hydrogen technologies. A recent modest initiative is focused on distributed power-generation technologies. This report reviews the activities of each of OPT's programs and makes recommendations for OPT as a whole and major recommendations for individual OPT programs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Acid Deposition: Long-Term Trends SN - DO - 10.17226/623 PY - 1986 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/623/acid-deposition-long-term-trends PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - How damaging is acid rain? Current opinions differ widely, in part because for every proposed link between acid rain and adverse environmental effects an alternative explanation based on other phenomena can be or has been proposed, and in many cases cannot be readily dismissed. The specific areas addressed in this volume include the emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, precipitation chemistry, atmospheric sulfates and visibility, surface water chemistry, sediment chemistry and abundance of diatom taxa, fish populations, and forest productivity. The book then draws conclusions about the acid deposition-phenomenon relationship, identifying phenomena which are directly acid deposition-caused and suggesting others apparently caused by human activities unrelated to acid deposition. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans: Controlling Garbage and Plastic Wastes at Sea SN - DO - 10.17226/4769 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4769/clean-ships-clean-ports-clean-oceans-controlling-garbage-and-plastic PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Marine debris is a serious environmental problem. To do its part, the United States has agreed to abide by the international treaty for garbage control at sea, known as MARPOL 73/78 Annex V. Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans explores the challenge of translating Annex V into workable laws and regulations for all kinds of ships and boats, from cruise ships to fishing crafts and recreational boats. The volume examines how existing resources can be leveraged into a comprehensive strategy for compliance, including integrated waste management systems and effective enforcement. Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans describes both progress toward and obstacles to Annex V compliance. The book covers: How shipborne garbage orignates and what happens to garbage discharged into the seas. Effects of discharge on human health, wildlife safety, and aesthetics. Differences in perspective among military, industrial, and recreational seafarers and shoreside facilities. Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans will be important to marine policymakers, port administrators, ship operations officers, maritime engineers, and marine ecologists. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Automotive Fuel Economy: How Far Can We Go? SN - DO - 10.17226/1806 PY - 1992 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1806/automotive-fuel-economy-how-far-can-we-go PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure KW - Energy and Energy Conservation AB - This volume presents realistic estimates for the level of fuel economy that is achievable in the next decade for cars and light trucks made in the United States and Canada. A source of objective and comprehensive information on the topic, this book takes into account real-world factors such as the financial conditions in the automotive industry, costs and benefits to consumers, and marketability of high-efficiency vehicles. The committee is composed of experts from the fields of science, technology, finance, and regulation and offers practical evaluations of technological improvements that could contribute to increased fuel efficiency. The volume also examines potential barriers to improvement, such as high production costs, regulations on safety and emissions, and consumer preferences. This practical book is of considerable interest to car and light truck manufacturers, policymakers, federal and state agencies, and the public. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Testing of Body Armor Materials: Phase III SN - DO - 10.17226/13390 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13390/testing-of-body-armor-materials-phase-iii PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues KW - Engineering and Technology AB - In 2009, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) released the report Warfighter Support: Independent Expert Assessment of Army Body Armor Test Results and Procedures Needed Before Fielding, which commented on the conduct of the test procedures governing acceptance of body armor vest-plate inserts worn by military service members. This GAO report, as well as other observations, led the Department of Defense Director, Operational Test & Evaluation, to request that the National Research Council (NRC) Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences conduct a three-phase study to investigate issues related to the testing of body armor materials for use by the U.S. Army and other military departments. Phase I and II resulted in two NRC letter reports: one in 2009 and one in 2010. This report is Phase III in the study. Testing of Body Armor Materials: Phase III provides a roadmap to reduce the variability of clay processes and shows how to migrate from clay to future solutions, as well as considers the use of statistics to permit a more scientific determination of sample sizes to be used in body armor testing. This report also develops ideas for revising or replacing the Prather study methodology, as well as reviews comments on methodologies and technical approaches to military helmet testing. Testing of Body Armor Materials: Phase III also considers the possibility of combining various national body armor testing standards. ER -