%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T 2022 Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Communications Technology Laboratory %@ 978-0-309-69593-0 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26778/2022-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technologys-communications-technology-laboratory %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26778/2022-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technologys-communications-technology-laboratory %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 100 %X At the request of the director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, this report assesses the management of Standards and Technology Communications Technology Laboratory (CTL), focusing on the work, facilities, equipment, personnel, portfolios of scientific expertise, and effective dissemination of the results. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Casola, Linda %T Enhancing Urban Sustainability Infrastructure: Mathematical Approaches for Optimizing Investments: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-70071-9 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26905/enhancing-urban-sustainability-infrastructure-mathematical-approaches-for-optimizing-investments-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26905/enhancing-urban-sustainability-infrastructure-mathematical-approaches-for-optimizing-investments-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 140 %X The National Academies Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics and Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment convened a 3-day public workshop on July 13, 20, and 27, 2022, to explore state-of-the-art analytical tools that could advance urban sustainability through improved prioritization of public works projects. Invited speakers included people working in urban sustainability, city planning, local public and private infrastructure, asset management, and infrastructure investment; city officials and utility officials; and statisticians, data scientists, mathematicians, economists, computer scientists, and artificial intelligence/machine learning experts. Presentations and workshop discussions provided insights into new research areas that have the potential to advance urban sustainability in public works planning, as well as the barriers to their adoption. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T An Assessment of the Communications Technology Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fiscal Year 2019 %@ 978-0-309-49898-2 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25602/an-assessment-of-the-communications-technology-laboratory-at-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25602/an-assessment-of-the-communications-technology-laboratory-at-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 58 %X An Assessment of the Communications Technology Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fiscal Year 2019 is an independent technical assessment of the quality of the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) Communications Technology Laboratory (CTL). It reviews the organization's technical programs, the portfolio of scientific expertise within the organization, the adequacy of the organization's facilities, equipment, and human resources, and the effectiveness by which the organization disseminates its program outputs. This report focuses on CTL priority areas such as public safety communications, trusted spectrum testing, and Next Generation Wireless (5G and Beyond). It also assesses the extent to which CTL applied the recommendations from a 2015 National Academies' report, which describes many of the critical uses of radio communications, provides lab-specific recommendations, and highlights important research priorities for the Boulder, Colorado communications technology laboratory of the Department of Commerce laboratory. This new report also describes the current activities of the Boulder telecommunications laboratories, its strengths and weaknesses as an organization, and its plans for the near future %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Telecommunications Research and Engineering at the Communications Technology Laboratory of the Department of Commerce: Meeting the Nation's Telecommunications Needs %@ 978-0-309-37980-9 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21828/telecommunications-research-and-engineering-at-the-communications-technology-laboratory-of-the-department-of-commerce %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21828/telecommunications-research-and-engineering-at-the-communications-technology-laboratory-of-the-department-of-commerce %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 64 %X The Department of Commerce operates two telecommunications research laboratories located at the Department of Commerce's Boulder, Colorado, campus: the National Telecommunications and Information Administration's (NTIA's) Institute for Telecommunications Sciences (ITS) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) Communications Technology Laboratory (CTL). CTL develops appropriate measurements and standards to enable interoperable public safety communications, effective and efficient spectrum use and sharing, and advanced communication technologies. CTL is a newly organized laboratory within NIST, formed mid-2014. As it is new and its planned work represents a departure from that carried out by the elements of which it was composed, this study focuses on its available resources and future plans rather than past work. The Boulder telecommunications laboratories currently play an important role in the economic vitality of the country and can play an even greater role given the importance of access to spectrum and spectrum sharing to the wireless networking and mobile cellular industries. Research advances are needed to ensure the continued evolution and enhancement of the connected world the public has come to expect. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Summary of a Forum on Spectrum Management Policy Reform %@ 978-0-309-09243-2 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11007/summary-of-a-forum-on-spectrum-management-policy-reform %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11007/summary-of-a-forum-on-spectrum-management-policy-reform %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 57 %X In 2003, the Department of Commerce’s Spectrum Policy Initiative was established with the objective of promoting a more efficient and beneficial use of the spectrum. As part of that Initiative, a series of public forums about spectrum management policy was held. The Computer Science and Telecommunications Board was asked to organize one of these forums, a public forum to gather the views of a variety of government and private sector stakeholders about the impact of spectrum policy on their activities. This report presents a summary of those views. Among those included are those representing national defense, homeland security, aviation, science, public safety, amateur radio, cellular voice and data, and terrestrial broadcast uses of the spectrum. Although prepared by the NRC, the report does not present NRC findings or recommendations. A broader study of spectrum policy, including findings and recommendations, will be issued in early 2005. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Assessment of the Army Plan for the Pine Bluff Non-Stockpile Facility %@ 978-0-309-09138-1 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10930/assessment-of-the-army-plan-for-the-pine-bluff-non-stockpile-facility %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10930/assessment-of-the-army-plan-for-the-pine-bluff-non-stockpile-facility %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 98 %X The U.S. Army is in the process of destroying its chemical weapons stockpile and related, non-stockpile chemical materiel. At the request of the Army, the National Research Council (NRC) has published a number of studies over the last 16 years providing scientific and technical advice on that disposal effort. For this study, the NRC was asked to assess the design of the facility at the Pine Bluff (Arkansas) Arsenal intended to dispose of a large amount of non-stockpile materiel, including 1250 recovered old chemical weapons. This is the first of a series of studies directed at reviewing and assessing the Product Manager for Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel initiatives for destruction of this materiel. The report provides the results of the Pine Bluff assessment. It includes a description of the Pine Bluff facility; a discussion of worker and public safety; management issues; regulatory, permitting, and public involvement; and the role of alternative destruction technologies currently residing at the facility. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Clark, David %E Berson, Thomas %E Lin, Herbert S. %T At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy: Some Basic Concepts and Issues %@ 978-0-309-30318-7 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18749/at-the-nexus-of-cybersecurity-and-public-policy-some-basic %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18749/at-the-nexus-of-cybersecurity-and-public-policy-some-basic %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 150 %X We depend on information and information technology (IT) to make many of our day-to-day tasks easier and more convenient. Computers play key roles in transportation, health care, banking, and energy. Businesses use IT for payroll and accounting, inventory and sales, and research and development. Modern military forces use weapons that are increasingly coordinated through computer-based networks. Cybersecurity is vital to protecting all of these functions. Cyberspace is vulnerable to a broad spectrum of hackers, criminals, terrorists, and state actors. Working in cyberspace, these malevolent actors can steal money, intellectual property, or classified information; impersonate law-abiding parties for their own purposes; damage important data; or deny the availability of normally accessible services. Cybersecurity issues arise because of three factors taken together - the presence of malevolent actors in cyberspace, societal reliance on IT for many important functions, and the presence of vulnerabilities in IT systems. What steps can policy makers take to protect our government, businesses, and the public from those would take advantage of system vulnerabilities? At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy offers a wealth of information on practical measures, technical and nontechnical challenges, and potential policy responses. According to this report, cybersecurity is a never-ending battle; threats will evolve as adversaries adopt new tools and techniques to compromise security. Cybersecurity is therefore an ongoing process that needs to evolve as new threats are identified. At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy is a call for action to make cybersecurity a public safety priority. For a number of years, the cybersecurity issue has received increasing public attention; however, most policy focus has been on the short-term costs of improving systems. In its explanation of the fundamentals of cybersecurity and the discussion of potential policy responses, this book will be a resource for policy makers, cybersecurity and IT professionals, and anyone who wants to understand threats to cyberspace. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Making the Nation Safe from Fire: A Path Forward in Research %@ 978-0-309-08970-8 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10777/making-the-nation-safe-from-fire-a-path-forward-in %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10777/making-the-nation-safe-from-fire-a-path-forward-in %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 58 %X The committee that prepared this report was charged with assessing the state of fire safety research and describing the potential role of the NSF in improving fire safety in the United States. This report highlights markers along a pathway to the future, discusses the nation's fire research needs and the resources that will be required, and suggests a role for NSF and other key agencies and institutions. The committee urges national leaders in government and industry to aggressively support fire research needs, filling voids in the body of knowledge, sharpening engineering tools, and creating a database that will allow performance-based approaches to maximize their contribution to public safety in the United States. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Streamlining Space Launch Range Safety %@ 978-0-309-06931-1 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9790/streamlining-space-launch-range-safety %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9790/streamlining-space-launch-range-safety %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 70 %X The U.S. space program is rapidly changing from an activity driven by federal government launches to one driven by commercial launches. In 1997, for the first time commercial launches outnumbered government launches at the Eastern Range (ER), located at Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida. Commercial activity is also increasing at the Western Range (WR), located at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. The government itself is emulating commercial customers, shifting from direct management of launch programs to the purchase of space launch services from U.S. commercial launch companies in an open, competitive market. The fundamental goal of the U.S. space program is to ensure safe, reliable, and affordable access to space. Despite the inherent danger of space launches, the U.S. space program has demonstrated its ability to protect the public. No launch site worker or member of the general public has been killed or seriously injured in any of the 4,600 launches conducted at the ER and WR during the entire 50-year history of the space age. Streamlining Space Launch Range Safety discusses whether range safety processes can be made more efficient and less costly without compromising public safety. This report presents six primary recommendations, which address risk management, Africa gates, roles and responsibilities, range safety documentation [EWR 127-1]), global positioning system (GPS) receiver tracking systems, and risk standards for aircraft and ships. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Review and Assessment Program Options for Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants at Blue Grass: Letter Report %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11330/review-and-assessment-program-options-for-chemical-agent-destruction-pilot-plants-at-blue-grass %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11330/review-and-assessment-program-options-for-chemical-agent-destruction-pilot-plants-at-blue-grass %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 16 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Assessment of Explosive Destruction Technologies for Specific Munitions at the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants %@ 978-0-309-12683-0 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12482/assessment-of-explosive-destruction-technologies-for-specific-munitions-at-the-blue-grass-and-pueblo-chemical-agent-destruction-pilot-plants %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12482/assessment-of-explosive-destruction-technologies-for-specific-munitions-at-the-blue-grass-and-pueblo-chemical-agent-destruction-pilot-plants %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 134 %X The Army's ability to meet public and congressional demands to destroy expeditiously all of the U.S. declared chemical weapons would be enhanced by the selection and acquisition of appropriate explosive destruction technologies (EDTs) to augment the main technologies to be used to destroy the chemical weapons currently at the Blue Grass Army Depot (BGAD) in Kentucky and the Pueblo Chemical Depot (PCD) in Colorado. The Army is considering four EDTs for the destruction of chemical weapons: three from private sector vendors, and a fourth, Army-developed explosive destruction system (EDS). This book updates earlier evaluations of these technologies, as well as any other viable detonation technologies, based on several considerations including process maturity, process efficacy, process throughput, process safety, public and regulatory acceptability, and secondary waste issues, among others. It also provides detailed information on each of the requirements at BGAD and PCD and rates each of the existing suitable EDTs plus the Army's EDS with respect to how well it satisfies these requirements. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Evaluation of Chemical Events at Army Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities %@ 978-0-309-08629-5 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10574/evaluation-of-chemical-events-at-army-chemical-agent-disposal-facilities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10574/evaluation-of-chemical-events-at-army-chemical-agent-disposal-facilities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 134 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Evaluation of Safety and Environmental Metrics for Potential Application at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities %@ 978-0-309-13092-9 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12580/evaluation-of-safety-and-environmental-metrics-for-potential-application-at-chemical-agent-disposal-facilities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12580/evaluation-of-safety-and-environmental-metrics-for-potential-application-at-chemical-agent-disposal-facilities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 50 %X By the end of 2009, more than 60 percent of the global chemical weapons stockpile declared by signatories to the Chemical Weapons Convention will have been destroyed, and of the 184 signatories, only three countries will possess chemical weapons-the United States, Russia, and Libya. In the United States, destruction of the chemical weapons stockpile began in 1990, when Congress mandated that the Army and its contractors destroy the stockpile while ensuring maximum safety for workers, the public, and the environment. The destruction program has proceeded without serious exposure of any worker or member of the public to chemical agents, and risk to the public from a storage incident involving the aging stockpile has been reduced by more than 90 percent from what it was at the time destruction began on Johnston Island and in the continental United States. At this time, safety at chemical agent disposal facilities is far better than the national average for all industries. Even so, the Army and its contractors are desirous of further improvement. To this end, the Chemical Materials Agency (CMA) asked the NRC to assist by reviewing CMA's existing safety and environmental metrics and making recommendations on which additional metrics might be developed to further improve its safety and environmental programs. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Alternatives for Inspecting Outer Continental Shelf Operations %@ 978-0-309-04227-7 %D 1990 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1517/alternatives-for-inspecting-outer-continental-shelf-operations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1517/alternatives-for-inspecting-outer-continental-shelf-operations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 122 %X Aggressive, effective safety inspection programs are key elements to ensuring that oil- and gas-producing platform operations on the outer continental shelf are conducted in a safe and environmentally sound manner. Although the oil and gas leaseholders themselves are primarily responsible for the soundness of their operations, the Minerals Management Service (MMS) of the Department of the Interior is charged with prescribing safe practices and inspecting platforms. In response to an MMS request, this book examines possible revisions of MMS's inspection system, appraises inspection practices elsewhere—both in government and industry—assesses the advantages and disadvantages of alternative procedures, and recommends potentially more efficient practices aimed at increasing industry's awareness of its accountability for safety. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Recommendations for the Disposal of Chemical Agents and Munitions %@ 978-0-309-05046-3 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2348/recommendations-for-the-disposal-of-chemical-agents-and-munitions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2348/recommendations-for-the-disposal-of-chemical-agents-and-munitions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 220 %X The U.S. Army's chemical stockpile is aging and gradually deteriorating. Its elimination has public, political, and environmental ramifications. The U.S. Department of Defense has designated the Department of the Army as the executive agent responsible for the safe, timely, and effective elimination of the chemical stockpile. This book provides recommendations on the direction the Army should take in pursuing and completing its Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Undersea Vehicles and National Needs %@ 978-0-309-05384-6 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5069/undersea-vehicles-and-national-needs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5069/undersea-vehicles-and-national-needs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 116 %X The United States faces decisions requiring information about the oceans in vastly expanded scales of time and space and from oceanic sectors not accessible with the suite of tools now used by scientists and engineers. Advances in guidance and control, communications, sensors, and other technologies for undersea vehicles can provide an opportunity to understand the oceans' influence on the energy and chemical balance that sustains humankind and to manage and deliver resources from and beneath the sea. This book assesses the state of undersea vehicle technology and opportunities for vehicle applications in science and industry. It provides guidance about vehicle subsystem development priorities and describes how national research can be focused most effectively. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Gould, James P. %E Lemer, Andrew C. %T Toward Infrastructure Improvement: An Agenda for Research %@ 978-0-309-05144-6 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4753/toward-infrastructure-improvement-an-agenda-for-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4753/toward-infrastructure-improvement-an-agenda-for-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 144 %X This book advises the federal government on a national infrastructure research agenda. It takes the position that the traditional disciplinary and institutional divisions among infrastructure modes and professions are largely historical artifacts that impose barriers to the development of new technology and encourages the government to embrace a more interdisciplinary approach. In order to be practical, the study focuses on infrastructure technologies that can be incorporated into or overlay current systems, allow for alternative future alternative future urban development, and are likely to have value cutting across the distinct functional modes of infrastructure. Finally, the report is organized according to seven broad cross-cutting areas that should promote interdisciplinary approaches to infrastructure problems: systems life-cycle management, analysis and decision tools, information management, condition assessment and monitoring technology, the science of materials performance and deterioration, construction equipment and procedures, and technology management. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Black and Smokeless Powders: Technologies for Finding Bombs and the Bomb Makers %@ 978-0-309-06246-6 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6289/black-and-smokeless-powders-technologies-for-finding-bombs-and-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6289/black-and-smokeless-powders-technologies-for-finding-bombs-and-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 180 %X Some 600 pipe bomb explosions have occurred annually in the United States during the past several years. How can technology help protect the public from these homemade devices? This book, a response to a Congressional mandate, focuses on ways to improve public safety by preventing bombings involving smokeless or black powders and apprehending the makers of the explosive devices. It examines technologies used for detection of explosive devices before they explode—including the possible addition of marking agents to the powders—and technologies used in criminal investigations for identification of these powders—including the possible addition of taggants to the powders—in the context of current technical capabilities. The book offers general conclusions and recommendations about the detection of devices containing smokeless and black powders and the feasibility of identifying makers of the devices from recovered powder or residue. It also makes specific recommendations about marking and tagging technologies. This volume follows the work reported in Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings (NRC 1998), which studied similar issues for bombings that utilize high explosives. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The March 5, 1987, Ecuador Earthquakes: Mass Wasting and Socioeconomic Effects %@ 978-0-309-04444-8 %D 1991 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1857/the-march-5-1987-ecuador-earthquakes-mass-wasting-and-socioeconomic %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1857/the-march-5-1987-ecuador-earthquakes-mass-wasting-and-socioeconomic %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 184 %X This book provides an account of the 1987 Ecuador earthquakes, evaluating the physical phenomena involved and the performance of structures and systems. It identifies and recommends cases where an in-depth study would contribute to improvement of our ability to analyze and forecast such failures and our preparedness, warning, rescue, recovery, and rehabilitation systems. The volume also describes how state-of-the-art knowledge can be applied to improve public safety and welfare. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Johnson, Anne Frances %T Pathways to an Equitable and Just Energy Transition: Principles, Best Practices, and Inclusive Stakeholder Engagement: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-70176-1 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26935/pathways-to-an-equitable-and-just-energy-transition-principles-best %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26935/pathways-to-an-equitable-and-just-energy-transition-principles-best %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 56 %X While technologies are clearly instrumental in transitioning away from fossil fuel-based energy and toward a decarbonized economy, decisions about which technologies are prioritized, how they are implemented, and the policies that drive these changes will have profound effects on people and communities, with important implications for equity, jobs, environmental and energy justice, health, and more. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Committee on Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions was tasked with assessing the broad range of technological, policy, and societal dimensions of decarbonizing the U.S. economy. The committee produced a 2021 report that provides the U.S. government with a roadmap of equitable and robust decarbonization policies. The next report of the committee will address the broader range of policy actors who play a role in equitable energy transition. To inform its deliberations, the committee hosted a 1-day workshop on July 26, 2022 to discuss critical issues of equity and justice during the energy transition. The goal of the workshop, titled Pathways to an Equitable and Just Transition: Principles, Best Practices, and Inclusive Stakeholder Engagement, was to move beyond energy technologies and elicit ideas and insights to inform the development of principles, best practices, and actionable recommendations for a broad range of policy actors and stakeholders in order to fully operationalize equity, justice, and inclusion. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.