%0 Book %A National Research Council %T Saragosa, Texas, Tornado May 22, 1987: An Evaluation of the Warning System %@ 978-0-309-04435-6 %D 1991 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1766/saragosa-texas-tornado-may-22-1987-an-evaluation-of-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1766/saragosa-texas-tornado-may-22-1987-an-evaluation-of-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 76 %X The small community of Saragosa, Texas, was devastated by a violent multiple-vortex tornado on Friday, May 22, 1987. Despite the extensive warning dissemination efforts, which are documented in this book, the overall warning system in Saragosa failed to reach most of the residents in time for them to take effective safety measures. The primary purpose of this book is to combine the information provided by the respondents to a postdisaster survey with the facts surrounding the tornado in order to understand and evaluate the severe weather warning procedures used in Reeves County, Texas, where Saragosa is located. The evaluation of this survey is intended to determine ways of adjusting existing warning systems and better prepare the citizens, public officials, and news media in Reeves County, as well as in every city, county, and township where severe weather threatens lives and property. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T U.S.-U.S.S.R. Joint Meeting on Earthquake Hazards Mitigation: September 9-13, 1991, Moscow, U.S.S.R. %@ 978-0-309-07858-0 %D 1992 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2064/us-ussr-joint-meeting-on-earthquake-hazards-mitigation-september-9 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2064/us-ussr-joint-meeting-on-earthquake-hazards-mitigation-september-9 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 22 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T World-Class Research and Development: Characteristics for an Army Research, Development, and Engineering Organization %@ 978-0-309-05589-5 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5486/world-class-research-and-development-characteristics-for-an-army-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5486/world-class-research-and-development-characteristics-for-an-army-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 83 %0 Book %T Theoretical Foundations for Decision Making in Engineering Design %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10566/theoretical-foundations-for-decision-making-in-engineering-design %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10566/theoretical-foundations-for-decision-making-in-engineering-design %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %P 68 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Avoiding Technology Surprise for Tomorrow's Warfighter: Symposium 2010 %@ 978-0-309-15568-7 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12919/avoiding-technology-surprise-for-tomorrows-warfighter-symposium-2010 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12919/avoiding-technology-surprise-for-tomorrows-warfighter-symposium-2010 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 62 %X The Symposium on Avoiding Technology Surprise for Tomorrow's Warfighter is a forum for consumers and producers of scientific and technical intelligence to exchange perspectives on the potential sources of emerging or disruptive technologies and behaviors, with the goal of improving the Department of Defense's technological warning capability. This volume summarizes the key themes identified in the second and most recent symposium, a two-day event held in Suffolk, Virginia, on April 28 and 29, 2010. The symposium combined presentations highlighting cutting-edge technology topics with facilitated discourse among all participants. Three categories of surprise were identified: breakthroughs in product and process technology, new uses of existing technology, and the unexpectedly rapid progression of a technology to operational use. The incorporation of an adversary's own culture, history, beliefs, and value systems into analyses also emerged in discussions as an important factor in reducing surprise. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Interim Report of a Review of the Next Generation Air Transportation System Enterprise Architecture, Software, Safety, and Human Factors %@ 978-0-309-29834-6 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18618/interim-report-of-a-review-of-the-next-generation-air-transportation-system-enterprise-architecture-software-safety-and-human-factors %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18618/interim-report-of-a-review-of-the-next-generation-air-transportation-system-enterprise-architecture-software-safety-and-human-factors %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Engineering and Technology %P 42 %X The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) is an effort begun in 2003 whose goals include improving the capacity, efficiency, and safety of the U.S. air transportation system and also enabling reduction in noise, pollution, and energy use. The Federal Aviation Administration and various stakeholders, including equipment providers, airlines, and contractors, are currently implementing both near-term and midterm capabilities of this effort. Interim Report of a Review of the Next Generation Air Transportation System Enterprise Architecture, Software, Safety, and Human Factors is part of a larger project to examine NextGen's enterprise architecture and related issues. This interim report provides an initial assessment focusing on challenges of system architecture for software-intensive systems. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Statistical Software Engineering %@ 978-0-309-05344-0 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5018/statistical-software-engineering %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5018/statistical-software-engineering %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Surveys and Statistics %P 84 %X This book identifies challenges and opportunities in the development and implementation of software that contain significant statistical content. While emphasizing the relevance of using rigorous statistical and probabilistic techniques in software engineering contexts, it presents opportunities for further research in the statistical sciences and their applications to software engineering. It is intended to motivate and attract new researchers from statistics and the mathematical sciences to attack relevant and pressing problems in the software engineering setting. It describes the "big picture," as this approach provides the context in which statistical methods must be developed. The book's survey nature is directed at the mathematical sciences audience, but software engineers should also find the statistical emphasis refreshing and stimulating. It is hoped that the book will have the effect of seeding the field of statistical software engineering by its indication of opportunities where statistical thinking can help to increase understanding, productivity, and quality of software and software production. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Global Networks and Local Values: A Comparative Look at Germany and the United States %@ 978-0-309-07310-3 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10033/global-networks-and-local-values-a-comparative-look-at-germany %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10033/global-networks-and-local-values-a-comparative-look-at-germany %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 260 %X Whether you call it the third wave, the information revolution, or the virtually connected world, the implications of a global information network are profound. As a society, we want to forestall the possible negative impacts without closing the door to the potential benefits. But how? Global Networks and Local Values provides perspective and direction, focusing on the relationship between global information networks and local values-that is, the political, economic, and cultural norms that shape our daily lives. This book is structured around an illuminating comparison between U.S. and German approaches toward global communication and information flow. (The United States and Germany are selected as two industrialized, highly networked countries with significant social differences.) Global Networks and Local Values captures the larger context of technology and culture, explores the political and commercial institutions where the global network functions, and highlights specific issues such as taxation, privacy, free speech, and more. The committee contrasts the technical uniformity that makes global communication possible with the diversity of the communities being served and explores the prospects that problems resulting from technology can be resolved by still more technology. This thoughtful volume will be of interest to everyone concerned about the social implications of the global Internet. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Evaluation of NSF's Program of Grants for Vertical Integration of Research and Education in the Mathematical Sciences (VIGRE) %@ 978-0-309-14186-4 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12716/evaluation-of-nsfs-program-of-grants-for-vertical-integration-of-research-and-education-in-the-mathematical-sciences-vigre %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12716/evaluation-of-nsfs-program-of-grants-for-vertical-integration-of-research-and-education-in-the-mathematical-sciences-vigre %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Education %P 130 %X In 1998, the National Science Foundation (NSF) launched a program of Grants for Vertical Integration of Research and Education in the Mathematical Sciences (VIGRE). These grants were designed for institutions with PhD-granting departments in the mathematical sciences, for the purpose of developing high-quality education programs, at all levels, that are vertically integrated with the research activities of these departments. To date, more than 50 departments at 40 institutions have received VIGRE awards. As requested by NSF, the present volume reviews the goals of the VIGRE program and evaluates how well the program is designed to address those goals. The book considers past and current practices for assessing the VIGRE program; draws tentative conclusions about the program's achievements based on the data collected to date; and evaluates NSF's plans for future data-driven assessments. In addition, critical policy and programmatic changes for the program are identified, with recommendations for how to address these changes. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Casola, Linda %T Challenges in Machine Generation of Analytic Products from Multi-Source Data: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-46573-1 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24900/challenges-in-machine-generation-of-analytic-products-from-multi-source-data %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24900/challenges-in-machine-generation-of-analytic-products-from-multi-source-data %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Surveys and Statistics %P 70 %X The Intelligence Community Studies Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on August 9-10, 2017 to examine challenges in machine generation of analytic products from multi-source data. Workshop speakers and participants discussed research challenges related to machine-based methods for generating analytic products and for automating the evaluation of these products, with special attention to learning from small data, using multi-source data, adversarial learning, and understanding the human-machine relationship. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Winston, Joan D. %E Millett, Lynette I. %T Summary of a Workshop on Software-Intensive Systems and Uncertainty at Scale %@ 978-0-309-10844-7 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11936/summary-of-a-workshop-on-software-intensive-systems-and-uncertainty-at-scale %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11936/summary-of-a-workshop-on-software-intensive-systems-and-uncertainty-at-scale %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 78 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Future of Statistical Software: Proceedings of a Forum %@ 978-0-309-04599-5 %D 1991 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1910/the-future-of-statistical-software-proceedings-of-a-forum %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1910/the-future-of-statistical-software-proceedings-of-a-forum %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Surveys and Statistics %P 100 %X This book presents guidelines for the development and evaluation of statistical software designed to ensure minimum acceptable statistical functionality as well as ease of interpretation and use. It consists of the proceedings of a forum that focused on three qualities of statistical software: richness—the availability of layers of output sophistication, guidance—how the package helps a user do an analysis and do it well, and exactness—determining if the output is "correct" and when and how to warn of potential problems. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Emergency Alert and Warning Systems: Current Knowledge and Future Research Directions %@ 978-0-309-46737-7 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24935/emergency-alert-and-warning-systems-current-knowledge-and-future-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24935/emergency-alert-and-warning-systems-current-knowledge-and-future-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 142 %X Following a series of natural disasters, including Hurricane Katrina, that revealed shortcomings in the nation's ability to effectively alert populations at risk, Congress passed the Warning, Alert, and Response Network (WARN) Act in 2006. Today, new technologies such as smart phones and social media platforms offer new ways to communicate with the public, and the information ecosystem is much broader, including additional official channels, such as government social media accounts, opt-in short message service (SMS)-based alerting systems, and reverse 911 systems; less official channels, such as main stream media outlets and weather applications on connected devices; and unofficial channels, such as first person reports via social media. Traditional media have also taken advantage of these new tools, including their own mobile applications to extend their reach of beyond broadcast radio, television, and cable. Furthermore, private companies have begun to take advantage of the large amounts of data about users they possess to detect events and provide alerts and warnings and other hazard-related information to their users. More than 60 years of research on the public response to alerts and warnings has yielded many insights about how people respond to information that they are at risk and the circumstances under which they are most likely to take appropriate protective action. Some, but not all, of these results have been used to inform the design and operation of alert and warning systems, and new insights continue to emerge. Emergency Alert and Warning Systems reviews the results of past research, considers new possibilities for realizing more effective alert and warning systems, explores how a more effective national alert and warning system might be created and some of the gaps in our present knowledge, and sets forth a research agenda to advance the nation's alert and warning capabilities. %0 Book %T Oil Spill Risks From Tank Vessel Lightering %@ 978-0-309-06190-2 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6312/oil-spill-risks-from-tank-vessel-lightering %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6312/oil-spill-risks-from-tank-vessel-lightering %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 144 %X The safety record of lightering (the transfer of petroleum cargo at sea from a large tanker to smaller ones) has been excellent in U.S. waters in recent years, as evidenced by the very low rate of spillage of oil both in absolute terms and compared with all other tanker-related accidental spills. The lightering safety record is likely to be maintained or even improved in the future as overall quality improvements in the shipping industry are implemented. Risks can be reduced even further through measures that enhance sound lightering standards and practices, support cooperative industry efforts to maintain safety, and increase the availability of essential information to shipping companies and mariners. Only continued vigilance and attention to safety initiatives can avert serious accidents involving tankers carrying large volumes of oil. %0 Book %T Synthesis and Characterization of Advanced Materials %D 1984 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10846/synthesis-and-characterization-of-advanced-materials %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10846/synthesis-and-characterization-of-advanced-materials %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 120 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Summary of a Workshop on Information Technology Research for Crisis Management %@ 978-0-309-06790-4 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9734/summary-of-a-workshop-on-information-technology-research-for-crisis-management %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9734/summary-of-a-workshop-on-information-technology-research-for-crisis-management %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 104 %X This workshop summary was produced in the course of a broader study that is exploring how information technology research can foster new and improved government services, operations, and interactions with citizens. This workshop summary examines how this technology can contribute to more-effective response and recovery efforts to crises such as natural disasters or terrorist attacks, as well as to mitigation and preparedness in order to reduce the impact of these events. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Public Response to Alerts and Warnings on Mobile Devices: Summary of a Workshop on Current Knowledge and Research Gaps %@ 978-0-309-18513-4 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13076/public-response-to-alerts-and-warnings-on-mobile-devices-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13076/public-response-to-alerts-and-warnings-on-mobile-devices-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 90 %X This book presents a summary of the Workshop on Public Response to Alerts and Warnings on Mobile Devices: Current Knowledge and Research Gaps, held April 13 and 14, 2010, in Washington, D.C., under the auspices of the National Research Council's Committee on Public Response to Alerts and Warnings on Mobile Devices: Current Knowledge and Research Needs. The workshop was structured to gather inputs and insights from social science researchers, technologists, emergency management professionals, and other experts knowledgeable about how the public responds to alerts and warnings, focusing specifically on how the public responds to mobile alerting. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Fourth Dimension in Building: Strategies for Avoiding Obsolescence %@ 978-0-309-04842-2 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2124/fourth-dimension-in-building-strategies-for-avoiding-obsolescence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2124/fourth-dimension-in-building-strategies-for-avoiding-obsolescence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 126 %X Public facilities are valuable assets that can provide decades of high quality of service if they are effectively utilized. Despite effective planning, design, and management, sometimes users or owners change and have requirements different from those that the facility was initially intended to fulfill. In addition, the technologies sometimes change, making facilities obsolete before they have worn out or otherwise failed. This book explores the meaning of obsolescence as the term applies to buildings. It discusses the functional, economic, technological, social, legal, political, and cultural factors that can influence when obsolescence will occur and considers what design professional and building owners and users can do to delay and minimize the costs of obsolescence. The analyses apply to all buildings, but public facilities are given added attention because of their special management problems. %0 Book %T Roles of Industry and the University in Computer Research and Development %D 1982 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10453/roles-of-industry-and-the-university-in-computer-research-and-development %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10453/roles-of-industry-and-the-university-in-computer-research-and-development %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 101 %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Day, Dwayne %T Sharing the Adventure with the Student: Exploring the Intersections of NASA Space Science and Education: A Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-37426-2 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21751/sharing-the-adventure-with-the-student-exploring-the-intersections-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21751/sharing-the-adventure-with-the-student-exploring-the-intersections-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %K Education %P 90 %X On December 2-3, 2014, the Space Studies Board and the Board on Science Education of the National Research Council held a workshop on the NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD) education program - "Sharing the Adventure with the Student." The workshop brought together representatives of the space science and science education communities to discuss maximizing the effectiveness of the transfer of knowledge from the scientists supported by NASA's SMD to K-12 students directly and to teachers and informal educators. The workshop focused not only on the effectiveness of recent models for transferring science content and scientific practices to students, but also served as a venue for dialogue between education specialists, education staff from NASA and other agencies, space scientists and engineers, and science content generators. Workshop participants reviewed case studies of scientists or engineers who were able to successfully translate their research results and research experiences into formal and informal student science learning. Education specialists shared how science can be translated to education materials and directly to students, and teachers shared their experiences of space science in their classrooms. Sharing the Adventure with the Student is the summary of the presentation and discussions of the workshop.