TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Brian D. Smedley A2 - Adrienne Y. Stith A2 - Lois Colburn A2 - Clyde H. Evans TI - The Right Thing to Do, The Smart Thing to Do: Enhancing Diversity in the Health Professions -- Summary of the Symposium on Diversity in Health Professions in Honor of Herbert W. Nickens, M.D. SN - DO - 10.17226/10186 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10186/the-right-thing-to-do-the-smart-thing-to-do PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The Symposium on Diversity in the Health Professions in Honor of Herbert W. Nickens, M.D., was convened in March 2001 to provide a forum for health policymakers, health professions educators, education policymakers, researchers, and others to address three significant and contradictory challenges: the continued under-representation of African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans in health professions; the growth of these populations in the United States and subsequent pressure to address their health care needs; and the recent policy, legislative, and legal challenges to affirmative action that may limit access for underrepresented minority students to health professions training. The symposium summary along with a collection of papers presented are to help stimulate further discussion and action toward addressing these challenges. The Right Thing to Do, The Smart Thing to Do: Enhancing Diversity in Health Professions illustrates how the health care industry and health care professions are fighting to retain the public's confidence so that the U.S. health care system can continue to be the world's best. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Howard Frumkin A2 - Christine Coussens TI - Green Healthcare Institutions: Health, Environment, and Economics: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/11878 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11878/green-healthcare-institutions-health-environment-and-economics-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Green Healthcare Institutions : Health, Environment, and Economics, Workshop Summary is based on the ninth workshop in a series of workshops sponsored by the Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine since the roundtable began meeting in 1998. When choosing workshops and activities, the roundtable looks for areas of mutual concern and also areas that need further research to develop a strong environmental science background. This workshop focused on the environmental and health impacts related to the design, construction, and operations of healthcare facilities, which are part of one of the largest service industries in the United States. Healthcare institutions are major employers with a considerable role in the community, and it is important to analyze this significant industry. The environment of healthcare facilities is unique; it has multiple stakeholders on both sides, as the givers and the receivers of care. In order to provide optimal care, more research is needed to determine the impacts of the built environment on human health. The scientific evidence for embarking on a green building agenda is not complete, and at present, scientists have limited information. Green Healthcare Institutions : Health, Environment, and Economics, Workshop Summary captures the discussions and presentations by the speakers and participants; they identified the areas in which additional research is needed, the processes by which change can occur, and the gaps in knowledge. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council A2 - Maria Hewitt A2 - Susan L. Weiner A2 - Joseph V. Simone TI - Childhood Cancer Survivorship: Improving Care and Quality of Life SN - DO - 10.17226/10767 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10767/childhood-cancer-survivorship-improving-care-and-quality-of-life PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Only more recently has it been realized that the intense effort to care for and cure a child with cancer does not end with survival. Continued surveillance and a variety of interventions may, in many cases, be needed to identify and care for consequences of treatment that can appear early or only after several decades and impair survivors’ health and quality of life. The more than two-thirds of childhood cancer survivors who experience late effects -- that is, complications, disabilities, or adverse outcomes -- as a result of their disease, its treatment, or both, are the focus of this report which outlines a comprehensive policy agenda that links improved health care delivery and follow-up, investments in education and training for health care providers, and expanded research to improve the long-term outlook for this growing population now exceeding 270,000 Americans. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Adam Schickedanz TI - Assessing and Improving Value in Cancer Care: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/12644 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12644/assessing-and-improving-value-in-cancer-care-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Unlike many other areas in health care, the practice of oncology presents unique challenges that make assessing and improving value especially complex. First, patients and professionals feel a well-justified sense of urgency to treat for cure, and if cure is not possible, to extend life and reduce the burden of disease. Second, treatments are often both life sparing and highly toxic. Third, distinctive payment structures for cancer medicines are intertwined with practice. Fourth, providers often face tremendous pressure to apply the newest technologies to patients who fail to respond to established treatments, even when the evidence supporting those technologies is incomplete or uncertain, and providers may be reluctant to stop toxic treatments and move to palliation, even at the end of life. Finally, the newest and most novel treatments in oncology are among the most costly in medicine. This volume summarizes the results of a workshop that addressed these issues from multiple perspectives, including those of patients and patient advocates, providers, insurers, health care researchers, federal agencies, and industry. Its broad goal was to describe value in oncology in a complete and nuanced way, to better inform decisions regarding developing, evaluating, prescribing, and paying for cancer therapeutics. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Cattle Inspection SN - DO - 10.17226/1588 PY - 1990 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1588/cattle-inspection PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - The Safety and Quality of Abortion Care in the United States SN - DO - 10.17226/24950 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24950/the-safety-and-quality-of-abortion-care-in-the-united-states PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Abortion is a legal medical procedure that has been provided to millions of American women. Since the Institute of Medicine first reviewed the health implications of national legalized abortion in 1975, there has been a plethora of related scientific research, including well-designed randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and epidemiological studies examining abortion care. This research has focused on examining the relative safety of abortion methods and the appropriateness of methods for different clinical circumstances. With this growing body of research, earlier abortion methods have been refined, discontinued, and new approaches have been developed. The Safety and Quality of Abortion Care in the United States offers a comprehensive review of the current state of the science related to the provision of safe, high-quality abortion services in the United States. This report considers 8 research questions and presents conclusions, including gaps in research. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Optimizing the Process for Establishing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans: The Selection Process SN - DO - 10.17226/24637 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24637/optimizing-the-process-for-establishing-the-dietary-guidelines-for-americans PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - Federal guidance on nutrition and diet is intended to reflect the state of the science and deliver the most reliable recommendations possible according to the best available evidence. This guidance, updated and presented every 5 years in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), serves as the basis for all federal nutrition policies and nutrition assistance programs, as well as nutrition education programs. Despite the use of the guidelines over the past 30 years, recent challenges prompted Congress to question the process by which food and nutrition guidance is developed. This report assesses the process used to develop the guidelines; it does not evaluate the substance or use of the guidelines. As part of an overall, comprehensive review of the process to update the DGA, this first report seeks to discover how the advisory committee selection process can be improved to provide more transparency, eliminate bias, and include committee members with a range of viewpoints for the purpose of informing the 2020 cycle. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Laura Aiuppa Denning A2 - Megan Snair A2 - Ruth Cooper TI - Exploring the State of the Science of Solid Organ Transplantation and Disability: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26213 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26213/exploring-the-state-of-the-science-of-solid-organ-transplantation-and-disability PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Transplantation of a solid organ, such as a kidney, heart, or liver, is a lifesaving procedure and is sometimes the only viable treatment for patients experiencing end-stage organ failure as a result of illness or injury. A growing prevalence of solid organ diseases in the United States is contributing to more people needing a transplant and longer wait times on the national transplant waiting list. While transplantation can lengthen a person's life, the road to recovery is difficult and complex. Transplant recipients commonly experience considerable impairments related to health factors, medication side effects, organ rejection, or other setbacks that can cause functional limitations. A spectrum of services and supports can be beneficial to patient functioning and quality of life, but patient access is variable due to individual, system, and social factors. To gain an understanding of current scientific findings in the field of solid organ transplantation, the U.S. Social Security Administration asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Board on Health Care Services to organize a virtual public workshop to examine disability associated with organ transplantation. The workshop, held March 22-23, 2021, focused on kidney, heart, liver, and lung transplantation, and to a lesser extent intestine transplantation. Subject-matter experts presented on clinical aspects of post-transplantation recovery and described the implications for physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning in adults and children. This publication summarizes the presentations and panel discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Eric B. Larson A2 - Clare Stroud TI - Meeting the Challenge of Caring for Persons Living with Dementia and Their Care Partners and Caregivers: A Way Forward SN - DO - 10.17226/26026 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26026/meeting-the-challenge-of-caring-for-persons-living-with-dementia-and-their-care-partners-and-caregivers PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Millions of people are living with dementia in the United States and globally. To live well with dementia, people need care, services, and supports that reflect their values and preferences, build on their strengths and abilities, promote well-being, and address needs that evolve as cognitive impairment deepens. Persons living with dementia co-manage their care with or rely on the support of a wide range of care partners and caregivers, including spouses, other family members and friends, and direct care workers in homes or residential care settings. While dementia care has improved since the 1970s, many individuals still lack access to high-quality care and are not living as well as they might. Disadvantaged groups, especially racial and ethnic minorities, still face challenges in access to care, services, and supports, due to deep and persistent inequities. Meeting the Challenge of Caring for Persons Living with Dementia and Their Care Partners and Caregivers: A Way Forward examines the complex body of evidence on dementia care and informs decision making about which interventions are ready to be broadly disseminated and implemented. It also offers a blueprint to guide future research using rigorous, cutting-edge methods that are inclusive, equitable, and yield critical information for real-world implementation, toward the ultimate goal of better supporting persons living with dementia and their care partners and caregivers in living as well as possible. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Linda McCauley A2 - Robert L. Phillips, Jr. A2 - Marc Meisnere A2 - Sarah K. Robinson TI - Implementing High-Quality Primary Care: Rebuilding the Foundation of Health Care SN - DO - 10.17226/25983 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25983/implementing-high-quality-primary-care-rebuilding-the-foundation-of-health PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - High-quality primary care is the foundation of the health care system. It provides continuous, person-centered, relationship-based care that considers the needs and preferences of individuals, families, and communities. Without access to high-quality primary care, minor health problems can spiral into chronic disease, chronic disease management becomes difficult and uncoordinated, visits to emergency departments increase, preventive care lags, and health care spending soars to unsustainable levels. Unequal access to primary care remains a concern, and the COVID-19 pandemic amplified pervasive economic, mental health, and social health disparities that ubiquitous, high-quality primary care might have reduced. Primary care is the only health care component where an increased supply is associated with better population health and more equitable outcomes. For this reason, primary care is a common good, which makes the strength and quality of the country's primary care services a public concern. Implementing High-Quality Primary Care: Rebuilding the Foundation of Health Care puts forth an evidence-based plan with actionable objectives and recommendations for implementing high-quality primary care in the United States. The implementation plan of this report balances national needs for scalable solutions while allowing for adaptations to meet local needs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Alex H. Krist A2 - Jeannette South-Paul A2 - Marc Meisnere TI - Achieving Whole Health: A New Approach for Veterans and the Nation SN - DO - 10.17226/26854 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26854/achieving-whole-health-a-new-approach-for-veterans-and-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Whole health is physical, behavioral, spiritual, and socioeconomic well-being as defined by individuals, families, and communities. Whole health care is an interprofessional, team-based approach anchored in trusted relationships to promote well-being, prevent disease, and restore health. It aligns with a person's life mission, aspiration, and purpose. It shifts the focus from a reactive disease-oriented medical care system to one that prioritizes disease prevention, health, and well-being. It changes the health care conversation from "What’s wrong with you?" to "What matters to you?"The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the Samueli Foundation, and the Whole Health Institute commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to establish a committee to provide guidance on how to fill gaps and create processes to accelerate the transformation to whole health care for veterans, both inside and outside the VA system, and the rest of the U.S. population. The resulting report presents findings and recommendations that provide a roadmap for improving health and well-being for veterans and the nation. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Gerald E. Thomson A2 - Faith Mitchell A2 - Monique B. Williams TI - Examining the Health Disparities Research Plan of the National Institutes of Health: Unfinished Business SN - DO - 10.17226/11602 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11602/examining-the-health-disparities-research-plan-of-the-national-institutes-of-health PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In the United States, health among racial and ethnic minorities, as well as poor people, is significantly worse than the overall U.S. population. Health disparities are reflected by indices such as excess mortality and morbidity and shorter life expectancy. Examining the Health Disparities Research Plan of the National Institutes of Health is an assessment of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Strategic Research Plan and Budget to Reduce and Ultimately Eliminate Health Disparities. It focuses on practical solutions to remedy the state of the current health disparity crisis. The NIH has played the leading role in conducting extensive research on minority health and health disparities for more than two decades. Although additional research is critical to facilitating a better understanding of the overarching social, economic, educational, and environmental factors that predispose groups to specific diseases and conditions, there is also a great need to translate the existing and new information into best care practices. This means increasing communication with affected populations and their communities. Examining the Health Disparities Research Plan of the National Institutes of Health presents solutions to improving the health disparities nationwide and evaluates the NIH strategy plan designed to actively correct and combat the ongoing health disparities dilemma. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kathryn Dewey A2 - Meghan Harrison TI - Feeding Infants and Children from Birth to 24 Months: Summarizing Existing Guidance SN - DO - 10.17226/25747 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25747/feeding-infants-and-children-from-birth-to-24-months-summarizing PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition KW - Health and Medicine AB - Recommendations for feeding infants and young children have changed substantially over time owing to scientific advances, cultural influences, societal trends, and other factors. At the same time, stronger approaches to reviewing and synthesizing scientific evidence have evolved, such that there are now established protocols for developing evidence-based health recommendations. However, not all authoritative bodies have used such approaches for developing infant feeding guidance, and for many feeding questions there is little or no sound evidence available to guide best practices, despite the fact that research on infant and young child feeding has expanded in recent decades. Summarizing the current landscape of feeding recommendations for infants and young children can reveal the level of consistency of existing guidance, shed light on the types of evidence that underpin each recommendation, and provide insight into the feasibility of harmonizing guidelines. Feeding Infants and Children from Birth to 24 Months collects, compares, and summarizes existing recommendations on what and how to feed infants and young children from birth to 24 months of age. This report makes recommendations to stakeholders on strategies for communicating and disseminating feeding recommendations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Framing Opioid Prescribing Guidelines for Acute Pain: Developing the Evidence SN - DO - 10.17226/25555 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25555/framing-opioid-prescribing-guidelines-for-acute-pain-developing-the-evidence PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The opioid overdose epidemic combined with the need to reduce the burden of acute pain poses a public health challenge. To address how evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for prescribing opioids for acute pain might help meet this challenge, Framing Opioid Prescribing Guidelines for Acute Pain: Developing the Evidence develops a framework to evaluate existing clinical practice guidelines for prescribing opioids for acute pain indications, recommends indications for which new evidence-based guidelines should be developed, and recommends a future research agenda to inform and enable specialty organizations to develop and disseminate evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for prescribing opioids to treat acute pain indications. The recommendations of this study will assist professional societies, health care organizations, and local, state, and national agencies to develop clinical practice guidelines for opioid prescribing for acute pain. Such a framework could inform the development of opioid prescribing guidelines and ensure systematic and standardized methods for evaluating evidence, translating knowledge, and formulating recommendations for practice. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Diane E. Pankevich A2 - Sheena M. Posey Norris A2 - Theresa M. Wizemann A2 - Bruce M. Altevogt TI - Improving Access to Essential Medicines for Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/18380 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18380/improving-access-to-essential-medicines-for-mental-neurological-and-substance-use-disorders-in-sub-saharan-africa PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In 2011 the Grand Challenges in Global Mental Health initiative identified priorities that have the potential to make a significant impact on the lives of people with mental, neurological, and substance use disorders. Reduction of the cost and improvement of the supply of effective medicines was highlighted as one of the top five challenges. For low- and middle-income countries, improving access to appropriate essential medicines can be a tremendous challenge and a critical barrier to scaling up quality care for mental, neurological, and substance use disorders. Reduction of cost and improvement of the supply of effective medicines has the potential to significantly impact the lives of patients with these disorders. Improving Access to Essential Medicines for Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine Neuroscience Forum in January 2014 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to discuss opportunities for achieving long-term affordable access to medicines for these disorders. This report examines challenges and opportunities for improving access to essential medicines in four critical areas: demand, selection, supply chains, and financing and pricing. The report also discusses successful activities that increase access to essential medicines both within Sub-Saharan Africa and in other developing countries, and considers the role of governments, nongovernmental organizations, and private groups in procurement of essential medicines for mental, neurological, and substance use disorders. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - The Childhood Immunization Schedule and Safety: Stakeholder Concerns, Scientific Evidence, and Future Studies SN - DO - 10.17226/13563 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13563/the-childhood-immunization-schedule-and-safety-stakeholder-concerns-scientific-evidence PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Vaccines are among the most safe and effective public health interventions to prevent serious disease and death. Because of the success of vaccines, most Americans today have no firsthand experience with such devastating illnesses as polio or diphtheria. Health care providers who vaccinate young children follow a schedule prepared by the U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Under the current schedule, children younger than six may receive as many as 24 immunizations by their second birthday. New vaccines undergo rigorous testing prior to receiving FDA approval; however, like all medicines and medical interventions, vaccines carry some risk. Driven largely by concerns about potential side effects, there has been a shift in some parents' attitudes toward the child immunization schedule. The Childhood Immunization Schedule and Safety identifies research approaches, methodologies, and study designs that could address questions about the safety of the current schedule. This report is the most comprehensive examination of the immunization schedule to date. The IOM authoring committee uncovered no evidence of major safety concerns associated with adherence to the childhood immunization schedule. Should signals arise that there may be need for investigation, however, the report offers a framework for conducting safety research using existing or new data collection systems. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Anna C. Mastroianni A2 - Ruth Faden A2 - Daniel Federman TI - Women and Health Research: Ethical and Legal Issues of Including Women in Clinical Studies, Volume 1 SN - DO - 10.17226/2304 PY - 1994 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2304/women-and-health-research-ethical-and-legal-issues-of-including PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In the nineteenth century some scientists argued that women should not be educated because thinking would use energy needed by the uterus for reproduction. The proof? Educated women had a lower birth rate. Today's researchers can only shake their heads at such reasoning. Yet professional journals and the popular press are increasingly criticizing medical research for ignoring women's health issues. Women and Health Research examines the facts behind the public's perceptions about women participating as subjects in medical research. With the goal of increasing researchers' awareness of this important topic, the book explores issues related to maintaining justice (in its ethical sense) in clinical studies. Leading experts present general principles for the ethical conduct of research on women—principles that are especially important in the light of recent changes in federal policy on the inclusion of women in clinical research. Women and Health Research documents the historical shift from a paternalistic approach by researchers toward women and a disproportionate reliance on certain groups for research to one that emphasizes proper access for women as subjects in clinical studies in order to ensure that women receive the benefits of research. The book addresses present-day challenges to equity in four areas: Scientific—Do practical aspects of scientific research work at cross-purposes to gender equity? Focusing on drug trials, the authors identify rationales for excluding people from research based on demographics. Social and Ethical—The authors offer compelling discussions on subjectivity in science, the evidence for male bias, and issues related to race and ethnicity, as well as the recruitment, retention, and protection of research participants. Legal—Women and Health Research reviews federal research policies that affect the inclusion of women and evaluates the basis for researchers' fears about liability, citing court cases. Risk—The authors focus on risks to reproduction and offspring in clinical drug trials, exploring how risks can be identified for study participants, who should make the assessment of risk and benefit for participation in a clinical study, and how legal implications could be addressed. This landmark study will be of immediate use to the research community, policymakers, women's health advocates, attorneys, and individuals. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Frederick J. Manning A2 - Lewis Goldfrank TI - Preparing for Terrorism: Tools for Evaluating the Metropolitan Medical Response System Program SN - DO - 10.17226/10412 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10412/preparing-for-terrorism-tools-for-evaluating-the-metropolitan-medical-response PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The Metropolitan Medical Response System (MMRS) program of the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) provides funds to major U. S. cities to help them develop plans for coping with the health and medical consequences of a terrorist attack with chemical, biological, or radiological (CBR) agents. DHHS asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to assist in assessing the effectiveness of the MMRS program by developing appropriate evaluation methods, tools, and processes to assess both its own management of the program and local preparedness in the cities that have participated in the program. This book provides the managers of the MMRS program and others concerned about local capabilities to cope with CBR terrorism with three evaluation tools and a three-part assessment method. The tools are a questionnaire survey eliciting feedback about the management of the MMRS program, a table of preparedness indicators for 23 essential response capabilities, and a set of three scenarios and related questions for group discussion. The assessment method described integrates document inspection, a site visit by a team of expert peer reviewers, and observations at community exercises and drills. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Health Insurance is a Family Matter SN - DO - 10.17226/10503 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10503/health-insurance-is-a-family-matter PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Health Insurance is a Family Matter is the third of a series of six reports on the problems of uninsurance in the United Sates and addresses the impact on the family of not having health insurance. The book demonstrates that having one or more uninsured members in a family can have adverse consequences for everyone in the household and that the financial, physical, and emotional well—being of all members of a family may be adversely affected if any family member lacks coverage. It concludes with the finding that uninsured children have worse access to and use fewer health care services than children with insurance, including important preventive services that can have beneficial long-term effects. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Health IT and Patient Safety: Building Safer Systems for Better Care SN - DO - 10.17226/13269 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13269/health-it-and-patient-safety-building-safer-systems-for-better PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Health and Medicine AB - IOM's 1999 landmark study To Err is Human estimated that between 44,000 and 98,000 lives are lost every year due to medical errors. This call to action has led to a number of efforts to reduce errors and provide safe and effective health care. Information technology (IT) has been identified as a way to enhance the safety and effectiveness of care. In an effort to catalyze its implementation, the U.S. government has invested billions of dollars toward the development and meaningful use of effective health IT. Designed and properly applied, health IT can be a positive transformative force for delivering safe health care, particularly with computerized prescribing and medication safety. However, if it is designed and applied inappropriately, health IT can add an additional layer of complexity to the already complex delivery of health care. Poorly designed IT can introduce risks that may lead to unsafe conditions, serious injury, or even death. Poor human-computer interactions could result in wrong dosing decisions and wrong diagnoses. Safe implementation of health IT is a complex, dynamic process that requires a shared responsibility between vendors and health care organizations. Health IT and Patient Safety makes recommendations for developing a framework for patient safety and health IT. This book focuses on finding ways to mitigate the risks of health IT-assisted care and identifies areas of concern so that the nation is in a better position to realize the potential benefits of health IT. Health IT and Patient Safety is both comprehensive and specific in terms of recommended options and opportunities for public and private interventions that may improve the safety of care that incorporates the use of health IT. This book will be of interest to the health IT industry, the federal government, healthcare providers and other users of health IT, and patient advocacy groups. ER -