TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Jill Eden A2 - Ben Wheatley A2 - Barbara McNeil A2 - Harold Sox TI - Knowing What Works in Health Care: A Roadmap for the Nation SN - DO - 10.17226/12038 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12038/knowing-what-works-in-health-care-a-roadmap-for-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - There is currently heightened interest in optimizing health care through the generation of new knowledge on the effectiveness of health care services. The United States must substantially strengthen its capacity for assessing evidence on what is known and not known about "what works" in health care. Even the most sophisticated clinicians and consumers struggle to learn which care is appropriate and under what circumstances. Knowing What Works in Health Care looks at the three fundamental health care issues in the United States—setting priorities for evidence assessment, assessing evidence (systematic review), and developing evidence-based clinical practice guidelines—and how each of these contributes to the end goal of effective, practical health care systems. This book provides an overall vision and roadmap for improving how the nation uses scientific evidence to identify the most effective clinical services. Knowing What Works in Health Care gives private and public sector firms, consumers, health care professionals, benefit administrators, and others the authoritative, independent information required for making essential informed health care decisions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Review of NASA's Human Research Program Evidence Books: A Letter Report DO - 10.17226/12261 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12261/review-of-nasas-human-research-program-evidence-books-a-letter PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - Planning for long-duration space flights requires consideration of complex disease prevention, behavioral health, and clinical treatment issues-issues resulting from the hazards of the space environment and from limitations to in-mission medical care. These research and development needs have prompted NASA to seek and coordinate assessment from both national and international space medicine practice as well as biomedical research communities. Review of NASA's Human Research Program Evidence Books: A Letter Report examines NASA's plans to assemble the available evidence on human health risks of spaceflight and moves forward in identifying and addressing gaps in research. Recommendations to strengthen the content, composition, and dissemination of the evidence books are intended to improve future versions of these critical documents. These evidence books should be the continuously updated knowledge base of best evidence regarding risks to human health associated with spaceflight, particularly spaceflight beyond low Earth orbit and of long duration. Such a knowledge base will serve the interests of mission planners, researchers, and ultimately the individuals who accept those risks in their role as space travelers. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Gulf War and Health: Volume 6: Physiologic, Psychologic, and Psychosocial Effects of Deployment-Related Stress SN - DO - 10.17226/11922 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11922/gulf-war-and-health-volume-6-physiologic-psychologic-and-psychosocial PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues KW - Health and Medicine AB - The sixth in a series of congressionally mandated reports on Gulf War veterans' health, this volume evaluates the health effects associated with stress. Since the launch of Operation Desert Storm in 1991, there has been growing concern about the physical and psychological health of Gulf War and other veterans. In the late 1990s, Congress responded by asking the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to review and evaluate the scientific and medical literature regarding associations between illness and exposure to toxic agents, environmental or wartime hazards, and preventive medicines or vaccines in members of the armed forces who were exposed to such agents. Deployment to a war zone has a profound impact on the lives of troops and on their family members. There are a plethora of stressors associated with deployment, including constant vigilance against unexpected attack, difficulty distinguishing enemy combatants from civilians, concerns about survival, caring for the badly injured, and witnessing the death of a person. Less traumatic but more pervasive stressors include anxiety about home life, such as loss of a job and income, impacts on relationships, and absence from family. The focus of this report, by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on Gulf War and Health: Physiologic, and Psychosocial Effects of Deployment-Related Stress, is the long-term effects of deployment-related stress. Gulf War and Health: Volume 6. Physiologic, and Psychosocial Effects of Development Related Stress evaluates the scientific literature regarding association between deployment-related stressors and health effects, and provides meaningful recommendations to remedy this problem. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Kimberly A. Scott TI - Violence Prevention in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Finding a Place on the Global Agenda: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/12016 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12016/violence-prevention-in-low-and-middle-income-countries-finding-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - The current state of science in violence prevention reveals progress, promise, and a number of remaining challenges. In order to fully examine the issue of global violence prevention, the Institute of Medicine in collaboration with Global Violence Prevention Advocacy, convened a workshop and released the workshop summary entitled, Violence Prevention in Low-and Middle-Income Countries. The workshop brought together participants with a wide array of expertise in fields related to health, criminal justice, public policy, and economic development, to study and articulate specific opportunities for the U.S. government and other leaders with resources to more effectively support programming for prevention of the many types of violence. Participants highlighted the need for the timely development of an integrated, science-based approach and agenda to support research, clinical practice, program development, policy analysis, and advocacy for violence prevention. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Assessment of the Evidence SN - DO - 10.17226/11955 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11955/treatment-of-posttraumatic-stress-disorder-an-assessment-of-the-evidence PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Mental disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), constitute an important health care need of veterans, especially those recently separated from service. Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Assessment of the Evidence takes a systematic look the efficacy of pharmacologic and psychological treatment modalities for PTSD on behalf of the Department of Veterans Affairs. By reviewing existing studies in order to draw conclusions about the strength of evidence on several types of treatment, the Committee on the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder found that many of these studies were faulty in design and performance, and that relatively few of these studies have been conducted in populations of veterans, despite suggestions that civilian and veteran populations respond differently to various types of treatment. The committee also notes that the evidence is scarce on the acceptability, efficacy, or generalizability of treatment in ethnic and cultural minorities, as few studies stratified results by ethnic background. Despite challenges in the consistency, quality, and depth of research, the committee found the evidence sufficient to conclude the efficacy of exposure therapies in treating PTSD. The committee found the evidence inadequate to determine efficacy of different types of pharmacotherapies, of three different psychotherapy modalities, and of psychotherapy delivered in group formats. The committee also made eight critical recommendations, some in response to the VA's questions related to recovery and the length and timing of PTSD treatment, and others addressing research methodology, gaps in evidence and funding issues. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Lyla M. Hernandez TI - Standardizing Medication Labels: Confusing Patients Less: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/12077 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12077/standardizing-medication-labels-confusing-patients-less-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Medications are an important component of health care, but each year their misuse results in over a million adverse drug events that lead to office and emergency room visits as well as hospitalizations and, in some cases, death. As a patient's most tangible source of information about what drug has been prescribed and how that drug is to be taken, the label on a container of prescription medication is a crucial line of defense against such medication safety problems, yet almost half of all patients misunderstand label instructions about how to take their medicines. Standardizing Medication Labels: Confusing Patients Less is the summary of a workshop, held in Washington, D.C. on October 12, 2007, that was organized to examine what is known about how medication container labeling affects patient safety and to discuss approaches to addressing identified problems. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Nancy E. Adler A2 - Ann E. K. Page TI - Cancer Care for the Whole Patient: Meeting Psychosocial Health Needs SN - DO - 10.17226/11993 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11993/cancer-care-for-the-whole-patient-meeting-psychosocial-health-needs PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Cancer care today often provides state-of-the-science biomedical treatment, but fails to address the psychological and social (psychosocial) problems associated with the illness. This failure can compromise the effectiveness of health care and thereby adversely affect the health of cancer patients. Psychological and social problems created or exacerbated by cancer—including depression and other emotional problems; lack of information or skills needed to manage the illness; lack of transportation or other resources; and disruptions in work, school, and family life—cause additional suffering, weaken adherence to prescribed treatments, and threaten patients' return to health. Today, it is not possible to deliver high-quality cancer care without using existing approaches, tools, and resources to address patients' psychosocial health needs. All patients with cancer and their families should expect and receive cancer care that ensures the provision of appropriate psychosocial health services. Cancer Care for the Whole Patient recommends actions that oncology providers, health policy makers, educators, health insurers, health planners, researchers and research sponsors, and consumer advocates should undertake to ensure that this standard is met. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council TI - The Personal Protective Technology Program at NIOSH: Reviews of Research Programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health SN - DO - 10.17226/12203 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12203/the-personal-protective-technology-program-at-niosh-reviews-of-research PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor KW - Health and Medicine AB - Maintaining the health and safety of workers in the United States and globally is accomplished in part by reducing hazardous exposures through the use of personal protective equipment. Personal protective technologies (PPT) include respirators worn by construction workers and miners; protective clothing, respirators, and gloves worn by firefighters and mine rescue workers; and respirators and protective clothing worn by healthcare workers. An estimated 5 million workers are required to wear respirators in 1.3 million U.S. workplaces. For some occupations, such as firefighting, the worker's protective equipment is the only form of protection against life-threatening hazards; for other workers, the PPT is a supplement to ventilation and other environmental, engineering, or administrative hazard controls. In the United States, federal responsibility for civilian worker PPT is integral to the mission of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). This book examines the NIOSH Personal Protective Technology Program (PPT Program) and specifically focuses on the relevance and impact of this program in reducing hazardous exposures and improving worker health and safety. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council A2 - Carol West Suitor A2 - Maria Oria TI - Foodborne Disease and Public Health: Summary of an Iranian-American Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/12094 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12094/foodborne-disease-and-public-health-summary-of-an-iranian-american PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition KW - Health and Medicine AB - The Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board and the National Research Council's Policy and Global Affairs Division convened a workshop in Washington, D.C., entitled Foodborne Disease and Public Health: An Iranian-American Workshop. The overall goals of this workshop were to facilitate the exchange of ideas about foodborne disease and public health and to promote further collaboration among Americans and Iranians on this topic of mutual interest. Experts invited to participate in this workshop addressed a variety of topics, ranging from the surveillance of outbreaks of foodborne illness to approaches to medical training in the Iranian and U.S. educational systems. The workshop was part of a series of cooperative efforts between the United States and Iran as the two countries have collaborated in the past on similar projects relating to foodborne disease. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Research at NIOSH: Reviews of Research Programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health SN - DO - 10.17226/12088 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12088/agriculture-forestry-and-fishing-research-at-niosh-reviews-of-research PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture KW - Earth Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - The agriculture, forestry, and fishing sectors are the cornerstone of industries that produce food, fiber, and biofuel. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducts research in order to improve worker safety and health in these sectors. This National Research Council book reviews the NIOSH Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Program to evaluate the 1) relevance of its work to improvements in occupational safety and health and 2) the impact of research in reducing workplace illnesses and injuries. The assessment reveals that the program has made meaningful contributions to improving worker safety and health in these fields. To enhance the relevance and impact of its work and fulfill its mission, the NIOSH Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Program should provide national leadership, coordination of research, and activities to transfer findings, technologies, and information into practice. The program will also benefit from establishing strategic goals and implementing a comprehensive surveillance system in order to better identify and track worker populations at risk. ER -