%0 Book %E Watson, Ann Y., Sc.D. %E Bates, Richard R., M.D. %E Kennedy, Donald, Ph.D. %T Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health %@ 978-0-309-08682-0 %D 1988 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1033/air-pollution-the-automobile-and-public-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1033/air-pollution-the-automobile-and-public-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 704 %X "The combination of scientific and institutional integrity represented by this book is unusual. It should be a model for future endeavors to help quantify environmental risk as a basis for good decisionmaking." —William D. Ruckelshaus, from the foreword. This volume, prepared under the auspices of the Health Effects Institute, an independent research organization created and funded jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the automobile industry, brings together experts on atmospheric exposure and on the biological effects of toxic substances to examine what is known—and not known—about the human health risks of automotive emissions. %0 Book %T (NAS Colloquium) Genetic Engineering of Viruses and Viral Vectors %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5708/nas-colloquium-genetic-engineering-of-viruses-and-viral-vectors %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5708/nas-colloquium-genetic-engineering-of-viruses-and-viral-vectors %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 144 %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %E Greenwood, Addison %T Science at the Frontier %@ 978-0-309-04592-6 %D 1992 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1859/science-at-the-frontier %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1859/science-at-the-frontier %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 288 %X Science at the Frontier takes you on a journey through the minds of some of the nation's leading young scientists as they explore the most exciting areas of discovery today. Based on the second Frontiers of Science symposium sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences, this book describes recent accomplishments and new directions in ten basic fields, represented by outstanding scientists convening to discuss their research. It captures the excitement and personal quality of these exchanges, sometimes pointing to surprising connections spanning the boundaries of traditional disciplines, while providing a context for the reader that explains the basic scientific framework for the fields under discussion. The volume explores: New modifications to scientific theory as geologists probe deep inside the earth and astrophysicists reach to the limits of the observable universe for answers to some of nature's most fundamental and vexing questions. The influence of research in smog formation on the public debate about how to effectively control air pollution. The increasing use of computer modeling in science, from describing the evolution of cellular automata to revealing the workings of the human brain via neural networks. The rise of dynamical systems (the study of chaotic behavior in nature) to a full-fledged science. The search to understand the regulation of gene activity and the many biological problems—such as the onset of cancer—to which it applies. Recent progress in the quest to transform what we know about photosynthesis into functional, efficient systems to tap the sun's energy. Current developments in magnetic resonance imaging and its promise for new breakthroughs in medical diagnosis. Throughout this work the reader is witness to scientific discovery and debate centered on such common concerns as the dramatic and transforming effect of computers on scientists' thinking and research; the development of more cross-disciplinary perspectives; and the very nature of the scientific enterprise itself—what it is to be part of it, and its significance for society. Science at the Frontier is must reading for informed lay readers, scientists interested in fields other than their own, and science students considering a future specialization. %0 Book %T The Ozone Depletion Phenomenon %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9042/the-ozone-depletion-phenomenon %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9042/the-ozone-depletion-phenomenon %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %P 8 %X Like an infection that grows more and more virulent, the continent-size hole in Earth's ozone layer keeps getting bigger and bigger. Each year since the late 1970s, much of the protective layer of stratospheric ozone above Antarctica has disappeared during September, creating what is popularly known as the ozone hole. The Antarctic hole now measures about 9 million square miles, nearly the size of North America. Less dramatic, still significant, depletion of ozone levels has been recorded around the globe. With less ozone in the atmosphere, more ultraviolet radiation strikes Earth, causing more skin cancer, eye damage, and possible harm to crops. What is ozone? How did researchers discover its role in Earth's atmosphere and the devastating consequences of its depletion? The following article, adapted from an account by Dr. F. Sherwood Rowland, a pioneering researcher in the field who shared the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work, attempts to answer these and other questions. In doing so, it dramatically illustrates how science works and, in particular, how basic research—motivated by a desire to understand nature—often leads to practical results of immense societal benefit that could not have been anticipated when the research first began. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %E Silver, Cheryl Simon %E DeFries, Ruth S. %T One Earth, One Future: Our Changing Global Environment %@ 978-0-309-04632-9 %D 1990 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1435/one-earth-one-future-our-changing-global-environment %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1435/one-earth-one-future-our-changing-global-environment %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 208 %X Written for nonscientists, One Earth, One Future can help individuals understand the basic science behind changes in the global environment and the resulting policy implications that the population of the entire planet must face. The volume describes the earth as a unified system—exploring the interactions between the atmosphere, land, and water and the snowballing impact that human activity is having on the system—and presents perspectives on policies and programs that can both develop and protect our natural resources. One Earth, One Future discusses why such seemingly diverse issues as historical climate change, species diversity, and sea-level rise are part of a single picture—and how human activity is the critical element in that picture. The book concludes with practical examinations of economic, security, and development questions, with a view toward achieving improvements in quality of life without further environmental degradation. One Earth, One Future is must reading for anyone interested in the interrelationship of environmental matters and public policy issues. %0 Book %T The Global Positioning System: The Path From Research to Human Benefit %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9479/the-global-positioning-system-the-path-from-research-to-human %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9479/the-global-positioning-system-the-path-from-research-to-human %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %P 8 %0 Book %E Landau, Ralph %E Rosenberg, Nathan %T The Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth %@ 978-0-309-07848-1 %D 1986 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/612/the-positive-sum-strategy-harnessing-technology-for-economic-growth %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/612/the-positive-sum-strategy-harnessing-technology-for-economic-growth %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %P 656 %X This volume provides a state-of-the-art review of the relationship between technology and economic growth. Many of the 42 chapters discuss the political and corporate decisions for what one author calls a "Competitiveness Policy." As contributor John A. Young states, "Technology is our strongest advantage in world competition. Yet we do not capitalize on our preeminent position, and other countries are rapidly closing the gap." This lively volume provides many fresh insights including "two unusually balanced and illuminating discussions of Japan," Science noted. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T A Technical Analysis of the Common Carrier/User Interconnections Area %D 1970 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13320/a-technical-analysis-of-the-common-carrieruser-interconnections-area %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13320/a-technical-analysis-of-the-common-carrieruser-interconnections-area %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 86 %X A Technical Analysis of the Common Carrier/User Interconnections Area assesses the technical factors affecting the common carrier/user interconnection area of public communications. This book develops technical and background information that might be useful to common carriers, users, and equipment manufacturers in reaching and implementing solutions to immediate problems. This includes a technical evaluation of various contending points fo view regarding the common carrier/user interaction area, the various problems to which these views relate, and the various technical and policy alternatives for responding to these problems in the near future. A Technical Analysis of the Common Carrier/User Interconnections Area addresses questions of the propriety of the telephone company-provided network control signaling requirements and various alternatives to the provision thereof by the telephone company; the necessity and characteristics of telephone company-provided connecting arrangements and various alternatives to the provision thereof by the telephone company; and basic standards and specifications for interconnection and the appropriate method to administer them. %0 Book %T CONFERENCE ON HEMOGLOBIN: 2-3 MAY 1957 %D 1958 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9550/conference-on-hemoglobin-2-3-may-1957 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9550/conference-on-hemoglobin-2-3-may-1957 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 323 %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %E Hamer, Dean H. %E Kung, Shain-dow %T Biotechnology in China %@ 978-0-309-04132-4 %D 1989 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2074/biotechnology-in-china %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2074/biotechnology-in-china %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 116 %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T Biographical Memoirs: Volume 63 %@ 978-0-309-04976-4 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4560/biographical-memoirs-volume-63 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4560/biographical-memoirs-volume-63 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biography and Autobiography %P 546 %X Biographic Memoirs: Volume 63 contains the biographies of deceased members of the National Academy of Sciences and bibliographies of their published works. Each biographical essay was written by a member of the Academy familiar with the professional career of the deceased. For historical and bibliographical purposes, these volumes are worth returning to time and again. %0 Book %T (NAS Colloquium) Plants and Population: Is There Time? %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9619/nas-colloquium-plants-and-population-is-there-time %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9619/nas-colloquium-plants-and-population-is-there-time %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 112 %0 Book %T (NAS Colloquium) Genetics and the Origin of Species: From Darwin to Molecular Biology 60 Years After Dobzhansky %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5923/nas-colloquium-genetics-and-the-origin-of-species-from-darwin %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5923/nas-colloquium-genetics-and-the-origin-of-species-from-darwin %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 121 %0 Book %T The Life Sciences: Recent Progress and Application to Human Affairs The World of Biological Research Requirements for the Future %D 1970 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9575/the-life-sciences-recent-progress-and-application-to-human-affairs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9575/the-life-sciences-recent-progress-and-application-to-human-affairs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 526 %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T Biographical Memoirs: Volume 68 %@ 978-0-309-05239-9 %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4990/biographical-memoirs-volume-68 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4990/biographical-memoirs-volume-68 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biography and Autobiography %P 457 %X Biographic Memoirs: Volume 68 contains the biographies of deceased members of the National Academy of Sciences and bibliographies of their published works. Each biographical essay was written by a member of the Academy familiar with the professional career of the deceased. For historical and bibliographical purposes, these volumes are worth returning to time and again. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %E Cela-Conde, Camilo J. %E Lombardo, Raúl Gutiérrez %E Avise, John C. %E Ayala, Francisco J. %T In the Light of Evolution: Volume VII: The Human Mental Machinery %@ 978-0-309-29640-3 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18573/in-the-light-of-evolution-volume-vii-the-human-mental %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18573/in-the-light-of-evolution-volume-vii-the-human-mental %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 394 %X Humans possess certain unique mental traits. Self-reflection, as well as ethic and aesthetic values, is among them, constituting an essential part of what we call the human condition. The human mental machinery led our species to have a self-awareness but, at the same time, a sense of justice, willing to punish unfair actions even if the consequences of such outrages harm our own interests. Also, we appreciate searching for novelties, listening to music, viewing beautiful pictures, or living in well-designed houses. But why is this so? What is the meaning of our tendency, among other particularities, to defend and share values, to evaluate the rectitude of our actions and the beauty of our surroundings? What brain mechanisms correlate with the human capacity to maintain inner speech, or to carry out judgments of value? To what extent are they different from other primates' equivalent behaviors? In the Light of Evolution Volume VII aims to survey what has been learned about the human "mental machinery." This book is a collection of colloquium papers from the Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium "The Human Mental Machinery," which was sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences on January 11-12, 2013. The colloquium brought together leading scientists who have worked on brain and mental traits. Their 16 contributions focus the objective of better understanding human brain processes, their evolution, and their eventual shared mechanisms with other animals. The articles are grouped into three primary sections: current study of the mind-brain relationships; the primate evolutionary continuity; and the human difference: from ethics to aesthetics. This book offers fresh perspectives coming from interdisciplinary approaches that open new research fields and constitute the state of the art in some important aspects of the mind-brain relationships. %0 Book %T (NAS Colloquium) Science, Technology and the Economy %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5707/nas-colloquium-science-technology-and-the-economy %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5707/nas-colloquium-science-technology-and-the-economy %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %P 104 %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %A Institute of Medicine %T Science, Evolution, and Creationism %@ 978-0-309-10586-6 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11876/science-evolution-and-creationism %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11876/science-evolution-and-creationism %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Education %P 88 %X How did life evolve on Earth? The answer to this question can help us understand our past and prepare for our future. Although evolution provides credible and reliable answers, polls show that many people turn away from science, seeking other explanations with which they are more comfortable. In the book Science, Evolution, and Creationism, a group of experts assembled by the National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine explain the fundamental methods of science, document the overwhelming evidence in support of biological evolution, and evaluate the alternative perspectives offered by advocates of various kinds of creationism, including "intelligent design." The book explores the many fascinating inquiries being pursued that put the science of evolution to work in preventing and treating human disease, developing new agricultural products, and fostering industrial innovations. The book also presents the scientific and legal reasons for not teaching creationist ideas in public school science classes. Mindful of school board battles and recent court decisions, Science, Evolution, and Creationism shows that science and religion should be viewed as different ways of understanding the world rather than as frameworks that are in conflict with each other and that the evidence for evolution can be fully compatible with religious faith. For educators, students, teachers, community leaders, legislators, policy makers, and parents who seek to understand the basis of evolutionary science, this publication will be an essential resource. %0 Book %E Eisner, Thomas %E Meinwald, Jerrold %T Chemical Ecology: The Chemistry of Biotic Interaction %@ 978-0-309-05281-8 %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4979/chemical-ecology-the-chemistry-of-biotic-interaction %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4979/chemical-ecology-the-chemistry-of-biotic-interaction %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 224 %X Chemical signals among organisms form "a vast communicative interplay, fundamental to the fabric of life," in the words of one expert. Chemical ecology is the the discipline that seeks to understand these interactions-to use biology in the search for new substances of potential benefit to humankind. This book highlights selected research areas of medicinal and agricultural importance. Leading experts review the chemistry of: Insect defense and its applications to pest control. Phyletic dominance—the survival success of insects. Social regulation, with ant societies as a model of multicomponent signaling systems. Eavesdropping, alarm, and deceit—the array of strategies used by insects to find and lure prey. Reproduction—from the gamete attraction to courtship nd sexual selection. The chemistry of intracellular immunosuppression. Topics also include the appropriation of dietary factors for defense and communication; the use of chemical signals in the marine environment; the role of the olfactory system in chemical analysis; and the interaction of polydnaviruses, endoparasites, and the immune system of the host. %0 Book %T (NAS Colloquium) The Neurobiology of Pain %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9630/nas-colloquium-the-neurobiology-of-pain %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9630/nas-colloquium-the-neurobiology-of-pain %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 144