@BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Erik D. Minge", title = "Emergency Medical Services Response to Motor Vehicle Crashes in Rural Areas", abstract = "TRB\u2019s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 451: Emergency Medical Services Response to Motor Vehicle Crashes in Rural Areas identifies potential factors that may help reduce the time needed to provide effective medical care to crash occupants on rural roads.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22503/emergency-medical-services-response-to-motor-vehicle-crashes-in-rural-areas", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "A Guide for Reducing Collisions Involving Bicycles", abstract = "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 500, Vol. 18, Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan: A Guide for Reducing Collisions Involving Bicycles provides strategies that can be employed to reduce collisions involving bicycles.In 1998, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) approved its Strategic Highway Safety Plan, which was developed by the AASHTO Standing Committee for Highway Traffic Safety with the assistance of the Federal Highway Administration, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and the Transportation Research Board Committee on Transportation Safety Management. The plan includes strategies in 22 key emphasis areas that affect highway safety. The plan's goal is to reduce the annual number of highway deaths by 5,000 to 7,000. Each of the 22 emphasis areas includes strategies and an outline of what is needed to implement each strategy.Over the next few years the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) will be developing a series of guides, several of which are already available, to assist state and local agencies in reducing injuries and fatalities in targeted areas. The guides correspond to the emphasis areas outlined in the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan. Each guide includes a brief introduction, a general description of the problem, the strategies\/countermeasures to address the problem, and a model implementation process.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13897/a-guide-for-reducing-collisions-involving-bicycles", year = 2008, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Core Competencies for Highway Safety Professionals", abstract = "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 302 examines to what extent core competencies for highway safety professionals are incorporated into existing safety curricula and suggests strategies to expand their application to a broader audience.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23252/core-competencies-for-highway-safety-professionals", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Rebecca L. Sanders, Arizona State University and Belinda Judelman, Sara Schooley, Toole Design Group, LLC", title = "Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management", abstract = "Measures that are effective at reducing speed, such as speed humps and mini traffic circles, are sometimes used in low-speed areas such as school zones. But they are often not recommended or allowed (via local policy) on the higher-speed streets typically associated with the highest injury severity for pedestrians.For those higher-speed streets, redesigning them to communicate lower speed, such as through a roadway-reconfiguration effort, can effectively accomplish the goal of lowering speed. In the absence of street redesign, however, another effective current solution is enforcement, and particularly automated speed enforcement (ASE) that frees police to focus on other issues and that is free from implicit or explicit bias. It is important to carefully consider community context when selecting locations to employ ASE, to avoid disproportionately burdening any historically disadvantaged communities that surround the typically high-speed streets that need to be addressed.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Synthesis 535: Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management aims to document what is known about strategies and countermeasures to address pedestrian safety via traffic-speed management in urban environments. For example, the City of San Francisco regularly uses curb extensions as traffic-calming devices on its streets. However, the political and land use context of each city heavily influences the types of treatments that are considered feasible for each city. Thus, the City of Los Angeles has had to find alternatives to both ASE and road diets, the latter of which have been the subject of intense public backlash in some cases.These realities\u2014that speed management can be fraught with difficulty\u2014have spurred creative thinking about how to work within contextual confines, resulting in some particularly noteworthy and promising practices. For example, the City of Nashville anticipated potential backlash against speed-management efforts and thus chose to work with advocacy groups to identify areas of the city desiring walkability improvements. By installing walkability improvements in those areas first, city leaders created instant wins that could be used as leverage for future projects.The authors of the synthesis found there may be a need for greater clarity about the speed-limit-setting process, as well as for greater collaboration between local and state agencies when state roads run through urban areas. In particular, it may be worth exploring whether there is a need for a framework that will foster collaboration between local and state staff on safety initiatives such as achieving flexibility in roadway design, changing laws or regulations that govern speed-limit setting, and finding a balance between local safety needs and regional mobility needs. Such a framework may support both local and state agencies attempting to address safety issues and reach larger goals as articulated through movements like Vision Zero.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25618/pedestrian-safety-relative-to-traffic-speed-management", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Hydroacoustic Impacts on Fish from Pile Installation", abstract = "TRB\u2019s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 363: Hydroacoustic Impacts on Fish from Pile Installation explores the prediction and mitigation of the negative impacts on fish from underwater sound pressure during pile and casing installation and removal. Appendices A through H for RRD 363 are available online.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14596/hydroacoustic-impacts-on-fish-from-pile-installation", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Ryan Walsh", title = "Local Policies and Practices That Support Safe Pedestrian Environments", abstract = "TRB\u2019s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 436: Local Policies and Practices That Support Safe Pedestrian Environments documents various tools and strategies used by municipalities to improve the safety, convenience, and accessibility of the pedestrian experience.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22739/local-policies-and-practices-that-support-safe-pedestrian-environments", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Research on Women's Issues in Transportation - Volume 2: Technical Papers", abstract = "TRB\u2019s Conference Proceedings 35: Research on Women\u2019s Issues in Transportation \u2013 Volume 2: Technical Papers contains peer-reviewed breakout and poster papers and several abstracts of papers presented at the November 18\u201320, 2004, conference in Chicago, Illinois. The conference was designed to identify and explore additional research and data needed to inform transportation policy decisions that address women\u2019s mobility, safety, and security needs and to encourage research by young researchers. Volume 1, which will be released this winter, will include the conference summary, the four peer-reviewed overview papers presented by the topic leaders, and a list of conference participants.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23299/research-on-womens-issues-in-transportation-volume-2-technical-papers", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Carol A. Flannagan and Jonathan D. Rupp and N. Clay Mann", title = "Development of a Comprehensive Approach for Serious Traffic Crash Injury Measurement and Reporting Systems", abstract = "The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21) requires a set of performance metrics to include assessment of serious injuries in crashes.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 302: Development of a Comprehensive Approach for Serious Traffic Crash Injury Measurement and Reporting Systems presents a roadmap for states to develop comprehensive crash-related data linkage systems, with special attention to measuring serious injuries in crashes.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26305/development-of-a-comprehensive-approach-for-serious-traffic-crash-injury-measurement-and-reporting-systems", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Research on Women's Issues in Transportation, Volume 1: Conference Overview and Plenary Papers", abstract = "TRB's Conference Proceedings 35, Research on Women's Issues in Transportation, Volume 1: Conference Overview and Plenary Papers contains the conference summary, the four peer-reviewed overview papers presented by the topic leaders, and a list of conference participants from a November 18-20, 2004, conference held in Chicago, Illinois. The conference was designed to identify and explore additional research and data needed to inform transportation policy decisions that address women's mobility, safety, and security needs and to encourage research by young researchers. Volume 2 contains 22 full papers from the breakout and poster sessions and 9 abstracts of papers on subjects of particular interest to the committee that were selected for publication through the committee's peer review process.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23274/research-on-womens-issues-in-transportation-volume-1-conference-overview-and-plenary-papers", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board", title = "Managing Speed: Review of Current Practices for Setting and Enforcing Speed Limits -- Special Report 254", abstract = "TRB Special Report 254 - Managing Speed: Review of Current Practices for Setting and Enforcing Speed Limits reviews practices for setting and enforcing speed limits on all types of roads and provides guidance to state and local governments on appropriate methods of setting speed limits and related enforcement strategies. Following an executive summary, the report is presented in six chapters and five appendices.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11387/managing-speed-review-of-current-practices-for-setting-and-enforcing", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "State Highway Cost Allocation Studies", abstract = "TRB\u2019s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 378: State Highway Cost Allocation Studies examines the history and evolution of highway cost allocation study practice and explores the current state of the practice.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14178/state-highway-cost-allocation-studies", year = 2008, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board", title = "Building the Road Safety Profession in the Public Sector: Special Report 289", abstract = "TRB Special Report 289: Building the Road Safety Profession in the Public Sector examines the growing need for experts at all levels of government to develop and implement systems- and science-based approaches to road safety management. According to the committee that authored the report, the lack of professional recognition and comprehensive road safety education and training opportunities is threatening the ability of public agencies to build the knowledgeable and skilled road safety workforce that is needed to make safety advances. To address this need, the report recommends that the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and the Governors Highway Safety Association forge a broad-based alliance of public, private, and educational organizations to champion the road safety profession. The report recommends that the alliance encourage states to take advantage of federal workforce training funds for the purpose of developing road safety professionals and to advocate comprehensive road safety education and training by universities, including the many publicly funded transportation and safety research centers. In addition, the report urges the alliance to explore the creation of one or more specialized institutes to provide comprehensive instruction and training for road safety professionals.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12019/building-the-road-safety-profession-in-the-public-sector-special", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Michael Meyer and Michael Flood and Jake Keller and Justin Lennon and Gary McVoy and Chris Dorney and Ken Leonard and Robert Hyman and Joel Smith", title = "Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 2: Climate Change, Extreme Weather Events, and the Highway System: Practitioner’s Guide and Research Report", abstract = "TRB\u2019s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 750: Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 2: Climate Change, Extreme Weather Events, and the Highway System: Practitioner\u2019s Guide and Research Report provides guidance on adaptation strategies to the likely impacts of climate change through 2050 in the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of infrastructure assets in the United States (and through 2100 for sea-level rise).In addition to the practitioner\u2019s guide and research report, this project also developed the following items:\u2022 A software tool that runs in common web browsers and provides specific, region-based information on incorporating climate change adaptation into the planning and design of bridges, culverts, stormwater infrastructure, slopes, walls, and pavements.\u2022 Tables that provide the same information as the previously mentioned software tool, but in a spreadsheet format that can be printed.\u2022 Two spreadsheets that illustrate examples of the benefit-cost analysis of adaptation strategies discussed in Appendix B of Part I of NCHRP Report 750, Volume 2.These three items are available on a CD-ROM that is included with a print version of the report. The CD-ROM is also available for download from TRB\u2019s website as an ISO image. Links to the ISO image and instructions for burning a CD-ROM from an ISO image are provided below.\u2022 Help on Burning an .ISO CD-ROM Image.\u2022 Download the .ISO CD-ROM Image(Warning: This is a large file and may take some time to download using a high-speed connection.)NCHRP Report 750, Volume 2 is the second in a series of reports being produced by NCHRP Project 20-83: Long-Range Strategic Issues Facing the Transportation Industry. Major trends affecting the future of the United States and the world will dramatically reshape transportation priorities and needs. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) established the NCHRP Project 20-83 research series to examine global and domestic long-range strategic issues and their implications for state departments of transportation (DOTs); AASHTO's aim for the research series is to help prepare the DOTs for the challenges and benefits created by these trends.Other volumes in this series currently available include:\u2022 NCHRP Report 750: Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 1: Scenario Planning for Freight Transportation Infrastructure Investment\u2022 NCHRP Report 750: Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 3: Expediting Future Technologies for Enhancing Transportation System Performance\u2022 NCHRP Report 750: Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 4: Sustainability as an Organizing Principle for Transportation Agencies\u2022 NCHRP Report 750: Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 5: Preparing State Transportation Agencies for an Uncertain Energy Future\u2022 NCHRP Report 750: Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 6: The Effects of Socio-Demographics on Future Travel DemandCD-ROM Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively \"TRB\") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22473/strategic-issues-facing-transportation-volume-2-climate-change-extreme-weather-events-and-the-highway-system-practitioners-guide-and-research-report", year = 2014, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Safety Research for a Changing Highway Environment: Special Report 229", abstract = "TRB Special Report 229 - Safety Research for a Changing Highway Environment examines how well the highway safety research community is prepared to address emerging safety problems and to capitalize on opportunities for their solution.The committee that produced this report was particularly interested in how the research process could be better managed to encourage innovation and more effective use of resources. Specifically, the study committee (a) reviewed the characteristics and scale of existing highway safety problems and research, (b) identified promising areas for research that merit more attention or that warrant continuing study, and (c) examined the financial and institutional arrangements that may be needed to refocus research on these priorities.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11411/safety-research-for-a-changing-highway-environment-special-report-229", year = 1990, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Ensuring Timely Pipeline Shutdowns in Emergencies: When to Install Rupture Mitigation Valves", abstract = "Since 2022, automatic or remote-control shutoff valves have been required on new hazardous liquid and gas transmission pipelines located in or near populated and environmentally sensitive areas. They are intended to enable faster shutdowns of ruptured pipe segments. However, the requirement for \u201crupture mitigation valves\u201d does not apply to pipelines installed prior to 2022. This report examines the regulatory requirements that apply and recommends options for making sounder decisions about when to install these valves.TRB Special Report 349: Ensuring Timely Pipeline Shutdowns in Emergencies: When to Install Rupture Mitigation Valves from the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine is the product of an expert committee convened to assess regulatory standards and criteria for deciding when the valves should be installed on pipelines. This review, which was mandated by Congress, issues a series of recommendations designed with pipeline safety in mind.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27521/ensuring-timely-pipeline-shutdowns-in-emergencies-when-to-install-rupture-mitigation-valves", year = 2024, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Safety Impacts and Other Implications of Raised Speed Limits on High-Speed Roads", abstract = "TRB\u2019s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 90: Safety Impacts and Other Implications of Raised Speed Limits on High-Speed Roads examines how safety, economic, environmental, and commercial conditions on high-speed roadway may be impacted by a change in the speed limit. Safety-related analyses included in the report were based on a comprehensive framework of the disaggregate relationships between speed limits, driver speed choices, crash occurrence, and crash severity. An expanded summary of the report has been published as NCHRP Research Results Digest 303. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22048/safety-impacts-and-other-implications-of-raised-speed-limits-on-high-speed-roads", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Karen Dixon and Kay Fitzpatrick and Dominique Lord and Chiara Silvestri Dobrovolny and Raul Avelar and Bahar Dadashova and Fred Mannering and Nawaf Alnawmasi and Jennifer Atkinson and Joseph Jones and Adil Cheema and K.C. Matthews", title = "Safety Effects of Raising Speed Limits to 75 mph and Higher", abstract = "Across the United States, maximum speed limit laws vary dramatically. In the mid-1990s, many states increased speed limits to 75 mph on select roads. More recently, some states have established speed limits greater than 75 mph.\nThe TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 328: Safety Effects of Raising Speed Limits to 75 mph and Higher is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1006: Guide to Understanding Effects of Raising Speed Limits.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26770/safety-effects-of-raising-speed-limits-to-75-mph-and-higher", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Health and Wellness Programs for Commercial Drivers", abstract = "TRB's Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 15: Health and Wellness Programs for Commercial Drivers explores health risks facing commercial truck and motorcoach drivers. The report examines the association between crash causation and functional impairments, elements of employee health and wellness programs that could be applied to commercial drivers, and existing trucking and motor coach employee health and wellness programs. In addition, the report includes several case studies on employee health and wellness programs in the truck and motorbus industries, focusing on the elements that appear to work effectively.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23161/health-and-wellness-programs-for-commercial-drivers", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Thomas Sanquist and J. Elizabeth Jackson and John L. Campbell and Marvin C. McCallum and E.B. Lee and Hans P.A. Van Dongen and Peter McCauley and Hollis Minor", title = "Identifying and Reducing Workforce Fatigue in Rapid Renewal Projects", abstract = "TRB\u2019s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-R03-RW-1: Identifying and Reducing Workforce Fatigue in Rapid Renewal Projects documents worker fatigue impacts during rapid renewal operations in the highway construction industry; and describes development of an integrated fatigue management toolkit.SHRP 2 Report S2-R03-RW-1 is only available electronically.The same project that developed SHRP 2 Report S2-R03-RW-1 also produced a Guide to Identifying and Reducing Workforce Fatigue in Rapid Renewal Projects designed to help in the development and implementation of fatigue risk management in rapid renewal highway construction environments.In addition, SHRP 2 Renewal project R03 created two slide presentations on fatigue risk management--one for general highway workers and the other is for managers.Slide Presentations Disclaimer: These training materials are offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind, either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively \u201cTRB\u201d) be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of these materials. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22610/identifying-and-reducing-workforce-fatigue-in-rapid-renewal-projects", year = 2014, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Robin Mary Gillespie and Xinge Wang and Tia Brown", title = "Developing Best-Practice Guidelines for Improving Bus Operator Health and Retention", abstract = "TRB\u2019s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 169: Developing Best-Practice Guidelines for Improving Bus Operator Health and Retention addresses some of the health and safety issues common throughout the transit industry, and describes approaches that transit organizations in the United States and Canada have taken to address health problems faced by transit employees.The report is supplemented by a presentation, Making the Case for Transit Workplace Health Protection and Promotion, and an Excel worksheet, Transit Operator Workplace Health Protection and Promotion Planning, Evaluation, and ROI Template, that may assist transit agencies with implementing and carrying out transit-specific programs to protect the health of bus operators and other employees.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22322/developing-best-practice-guidelines-for-improving-bus-operator-health-and-retention", year = 2014, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }