%0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Entry and Competition in the U.S. Airline Industry: Issues and Opportunities %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25103/entry-and-competition-in-the-us-airline-industry-issues-and-opportunities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25103/entry-and-competition-in-the-us-airline-industry-issues-and-opportunities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 194 %X TRB Special Report 255 - Entry and Competition in the U.S. Airline Industry: Issues and Opportunities focuses on some well understood and recognized opportunities to encourage airline competition, especially in larger markets.During the mid-1990s, new-entrant carriers filed formal complaints with USDOT, contending that large established airlines were engaging in predatory pricing (pricing below cost). Such strategies were alleged to include matching low fares and providing far more service than could a new entrant, but then raising fares and cutting service as soon as the new entrant failed or withdrew. USDOT contemplated writing regulations against such alleged practices, but the committee that studied entry and competition in the U.S. airline industry advised against doing so. Given the difficulties involved in defining fair and unfair competition, the proposed regulations could have proved as harmful as helpful. The committee noted that USDOT has other policy instruments that could be used to promote the entry of new carriers, such as supporting the development of additional gates and airports, eliminating service restrictions at some key airports, and ensuring that federal rules promote rather than hinder more open access to major airport facilities. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %T Managing Technology Transfer: A Strategy for the Federal Highway Administration -- Special Report 256 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11380/managing-technology-transfer-a-strategy-for-the-federal-highway-administration %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11380/managing-technology-transfer-a-strategy-for-the-federal-highway-administration %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 120 %X TRB Special Report 256 - Managing Technology Transfer: A Strategy for the Federal Highway Administration addresses how the U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration selects research products for technology transfer and transfers those products to the highway industry, in particular the state and local agencies that own, operate, and maintain the nation’s highways. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Research Council %T Improving Surface Transportation Security: A Research and Development Strategy %@ 978-0-309-06776-8 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9689/improving-surface-transportation-security-a-research-and-development-strategy %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9689/improving-surface-transportation-security-a-research-and-development-strategy %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Health and Medicine %P 96 %X The surface transportation system is vital to our nation's economy, defense, and quality of life. Because threats against the system have hitherto been perceived as minor, little attention has been paid to its security. But the world is changing, as highlighted by dramatic incidents such as the terrorist chemical attack on the Tokyo subway in 1995. As a consequence, security concerns are now attracting more attention—appropriately so, for the threat is real, and responding to it is hard. Although the surface transportation system is remarkably resilient, it is also open and decentralized, making a security response challenging. Research and development can contribute to that response in important ways. Some important themes emerge from analysis of this strategy. First, a dual-use approach, in which security objectives are furthered at the same time as other transportation goals, can encourage the implementation of security technologies and processes. Second, modeling could be used more to develop a better understanding of the scope of the security problem. Third, DOT can play an important role in developing and disseminating information about best practices that use existing technologies and processes, including low-technology alternatives. Finally, security should be considered as part of a broader picture, not a wholly new and different problem but one that is similar and closely connected to the transportation community's previous experience in responding to accidents, natural disasters, and hazardous materials.