TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Daniel L. Cork A2 - Michael L. Cohen A2 - Robert Groves A2 - William Kalsbeek TI - Survey Automation: Report and Workshop Proceedings SN - DO - 10.17226/10695 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10695/survey-automation-report-and-workshop-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - For over 100 years, the evolution of modern survey methodology—using the theory of representative sampling to make interferences from a part of the population to the whole—has been paralleled by a drive toward automation, harnessing technology and computerization to make parts of the survey process easier, faster, and better. The availability of portable computers in the late 1980s ushered in computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI), in which interviewers administer a survey instrument to respondents using a computerized version of the questionnaire on a portable laptop computer. Computer assisted interviewing (CAI) methods have proven to be extremely useful and beneficial in survey administration. However, the practical problems encountered in documentation and testing CAI instruments suggest that this is an opportune time to reexamine not only the process of developing CAI instruments but also the future directions of survey automation writ large. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Medicolegal Death Investigation System: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/10792 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10792/medicolegal-death-investigation-system-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The US Department of Justice's National Institute of Justice (NIJ) asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of The National Academies to conduct a workshop that would examine the interface of the medicolegal death investigation system and the criminal justice system. NIJ was particularly interested in a workshop in which speakers would highlight not only the status and needs of the medicolegal death investigation system as currently administered by medical examiners and coroners but also its potential to meet emerging issues facing contemporary society in America. Additionally, the workshop was to highlight priority areas for a potential IOM study on this topic.To achieve those goals, IOM constituted the Committee for the Workshop on the Medicolegal Death Investigation System, which developed a workshop that focused on the role of the medical examiner and coroner death investigation system and its promise for improving both the criminal justice system and the public health and health care systems, and their ability to respond to terrorist threats and events. Six panels were formed to highlight different aspects of the medicolegal death investigation system, including ways to improve it and expand it beyond its traditional response and meet growing demands and challenges. This report summarizes the Workshop presentations and discussions that followed them. ER - TY - BOOK TI - International Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies: Proceedings - Symposium and Fifth Biennial Meeting, Paris, May 10-11, 2001 DO - 10.17226/10706 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10706/international-human-rights-network-of-academies-and-scholarly-societies-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - This report is the proceedings of the fifth biennial meeting of the International Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies. (The international Network, created in 1993, consists of 60 national academies and scholarly societies around the world that work to address serious science and human rights issues of mutual concern. The Committee on Human Rights of the U.S. National Academies serves as the Network's secretariat.) The meeting was held on May 10 and 11, 2001, at the Palais de l'Institut de France in Paris. The main events of the meeting were a semipublic symposium, entitled Human Rights and the Scientific Community, and a workshop on a variety of topics related to science, engineering, and health in the human rights context. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Bernard D. Goldstein A2 - Baruch Fischhoff A2 - Steven J. Marcus A2 - Christine M. Coussens TI - Ensuring Environmental Health in Postindustrial Cities: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/10826 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10826/ensuring-environmental-health-in-postindustrial-cities-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Health and Medicine AB - the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Environmental Health Science, Research, and Medicine held a regional workshop in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on March 13, 2003. This workshop was a continued outgrowth from the Roundtable's first workshop when its members realized that the challenges facing those in the field of environmental health could not be addressed without a new definition of environmental health--one that incorporates the natural, built, and social environment. The Roundtable realized that the industrial legacy is not unique to Pittsburgh. Other cities around the world have seen their industries disappear, and it is only a matter of time before some of the Pittsburghs of today, such as Wuhan, China, (a sister city) will need to address similar problems. One goal for this IOM Environmental Health Roundtable Workshop is to extract lessons from Pittsburgh's experience in addressing the post-industrial challenge, distilling lessons that might be useful elsewhere. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Minorities in the Chemical Workforce: Diversity Models that Work: A Workshop Report to the Chemical Sciences Roundtable SN - DO - 10.17226/10653 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10653/minorities-in-the-chemical-workforce-diversity-models-that-work-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor KW - Education AB - This report to the Chemical Sciences Roundtable presents a collection of contributed papers that report success stories for increasing diversity. The report provides background information on the value of diversity in the undergraduate environment, and the success stories address both undergraduate and graduate chemistry programs as well as chemical industry. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Monica Ulewicz TI - Monitoring International Labor Standards: Human Capital Investment: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10821 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10821/monitoring-international-labor-standards-human-capital-investment-summary-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor AB - An increasingly globalized world economy creates new economic, cultural, and social opportunities. Globalization also poses the challenge of ensuring that workers throughout the world share in these opportunities. In 1998 the International Labour Organization (ILO) adopted the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, a set of core international labor standards embodying basic workers' rights. Carrying out this commitment to workers' rights requires an understanding of labor conditions and country-level compliance with these standards. The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) contracted with the National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies to advise the U.S. government on the design of an integrated and comprehensive system to monitor country-level compliance with these core international labor standards. The NRC has convened the Committee on Monitoring International Labor Standards (CMILS) to provide expert, science-based advice on monitoring compliance with international labor standards. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Reducing the Time from Basic Research to Innovation in the Chemical Sciences: A Workshop Report to the Chemical Sciences Roundtable SN - DO - 10.17226/10676 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10676/reducing-the-time-from-basic-research-to-innovation-in-the-chemical-sciences PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics AB - Innovation, the process by which fundamental research becomes a commercial product, is increasingly important in the chemical sciences and is changing the nature of research and development efforts in the United States. The workshop was held in response to requests to speed the R&D process and to rapidly evolve the patterns of interaction among industry, academe, and national laboratories. The report contains the authors' written version of the workshop presentations along with audience reaction. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Jessica Aungst A2 - Amy Haas A2 - Alexander Ommaya A2 - Lawrence W. Green TI - Exploring Challenges, Progress, and New Models for Engaging the Public in the Clinical Research Enterprise: Clinical Research Roundtable Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/10757 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10757/exploring-challenges-progress-and-new-models-for-engaging-the-public-in-the-clinical-research-enterprise PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - This report is a summary of a workshop focused on exploring the role of the public in the Clinical Research Enterprise. The Clinical Research Enterprise depends upon practitioners, policy makers, and others for participation in trials, ethical review of research, and continued support of research funding. However, the role of the public has expanded beyond this traditional model as consumers have begun to demand a role in the formulation of the research agenda and in the design, review, and pursuit of research. This report identifies four major challenges to the Clinical Research Enterprise: enhancing public participation in clinical research, which includes making the system safer and faster; developing the necessary information systems that are needed to make the clinical research enterprise a coordinated and seamless whole; fostering an adequately trained workforce; and ensuring adequate funding for clinical research. In addition, the report identifies two translational blocks--from basic science into clinical practice and from the clinical identification of things that work into broader application to improve medical care and the public's health. This workshop summary addresses the contribution of the public to overcoming these obstacles. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Ensuring the Quality of Data Disseminated by the Federal Government: Workshop Report SN - DO - 10.17226/10666 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10666/ensuring-the-quality-of-data-disseminated-by-the-federal-government PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - John V. Pepper A2 - Carol V. Petrie TI - Measurement Problems in Criminal Justice Research: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/10581 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10581/measurement-problems-in-criminal-justice-research-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - Most major crime in this country emanates from two major data sources. The FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports has collected information on crimes known to the police and arrests from local and state jurisdictions throughout the country. The National Crime Victimization Survey, a general population survey designed to cover the extent, nature, and consequences of criminal victimization, has been conducted annually since the early1970s. This workshop was designed to consider similarities and differences in the methodological problems encountered by the survey and criminal justice research communities and what might be the best focus for the research community. In addition to comparing and contrasting the methodological issues associated with self-report surveys and official records, the workshop explored methods for obtaining accurate self-reports on sensitive questions about crime events, estimating crime and victimization in rural counties and townships and developing unbiased prevalence and incidence rates for rate events among population subgroups. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Roy Pea A2 - William A. Wulf A2 - Stuart W. Elliott A2 - Martha A. Darling TI - Planning for Two Transformations in Education and Learning Technology: Report of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10789 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10789/planning-for-two-transformations-in-education-and-learning-technology-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - In response to concerns about the continued unrealized potential of IT in K-12 education, the National Research Council’s Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Center for Education (CFE), Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences (BBCSS), and Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) undertook a collaborative project to help the IT, education research, and practitioner communities work together to find ways of improving the use of IT in K-12 education for the benefit of all students. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Richard A. McCray A2 - Robert L. DeHaan A2 - Julie Anne Schuck TI - Improving Undergraduate Instruction in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics: Report of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10711 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10711/improving-undergraduate-instruction-in-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Participants in this workshop were asked to explore three related questions: (1) how to create measures of undergraduate learning in STEM courses; (2) how such measures might be organized into a framework of criteria and benchmarks to assess instruction; and (3) how such a framework might be used at the institutional level to assess STEM courses and curricula to promote ongoing improvements. The following issues were highlighted: Effective science instruction identifies explicit, measurable learning objectives. Effective teaching assists students in reconciling their incomplete or erroneous preconceptions with new knowledge. Instruction that is limited to passive delivery of information requiring memorization of lecture and text contents is likely to be unsuccessful in eliciting desired learning outcomes. Models of effective instruction that promote conceptual understanding in students and the ability of the learner to apply knowledge in new situations are available. Institutions need better assessment tools for evaluating course design and effective instruction. Deans and department chairs often fail to recognize measures they have at their disposal to enhance incentives for improving education. Much is still to be learned from research into how to improve instruction in ways that enhance student learning. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Safety is Seguridad: A Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/10641 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10641/safety-is-seguridad-a-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor KW - Earth Sciences AB - Approximately 32.8 million persons of Hispanic descent live in the United States, half of whom were born outside the United States (Therrien and Ramirez, 2000). By the year 2050, it is expected that Hispanics will constitute more than 25 percent of the total U.S. population and approximately 15 percent of the U.S. labor force. These estimates and the fact that 90 percent of Hispanic American men and 60 percent of Hispanic American women participate in the U.S. workforce strongly suggest a need for occupational safety and health information in Spanish. The growing presence of Spanish-speaking workers and employers in the United States and the unprecedented 12-percent increase in the overall rate of workplace fatalities among Hispanic workers in 2000 highlights the need to better communicate occupational safety and health information in Spanish to both employees and employers. To address this need the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is preparing a strategy for developing and disseminating Spanish-language occupational safety and health educational and technical material. To gather information necessary to create this strategic plan the National Research Council (NRC) was asked to host a workshop. The committee commissioned five white papers (see Appendices D-H) and organized a workshop on May 29-30, in San Diego, California. Safety is Seguridad: A Workshop Summary is a synopsis of the presentations and discussions at the workshop. It does not contain any conclusions and recommendations. The conclusions and recommendations in the white papers represent the views of the authors and not necessarily those of the committee or the NRC. It is intended as input to the NIOSH strategic planning in this area. Chapter 2 discusses the available information and identifies information gaps regarding risks and adverse events for Latino workers. Chapter 3 examines the available health and safety training resource materials for Latino workers, especially for those with little or no English capabilities; in particular, it discusses issues of the linguistic and cultural appropriateness of materials. Chapter 4 considers issues surrounding the assessment of existing materials and the development of new materials. Chapter 5 discusses the various means of conveying information to Spanish-speaking workers, again focusing on cultural appropriateness and ways of maximizing understanding. Chapter 6 summarizes the discussion in the prior chapters and presents some overarching issues raised by the workshop attendees. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Ronald Breiger A2 - Kathleen Carley A2 - Philippa Pattison TI - Dynamic Social Network Modeling and Analysis: Workshop Summary and Papers SN - DO - 10.17226/10735 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10735/dynamic-social-network-modeling-and-analysis-workshop-summary-and-papers PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - In the summer of 2002, the Office of Naval Research asked the Committee on Human Factors to hold a workshop on dynamic social network and analysis. The primary purpose of the workshop was to bring together scientists who represent a diversity of views and approaches to share their insights, commentary, and critiques on the developing body of social network analysis research and application. The secondary purpose was to provide sound models and applications for current problems of national importance, with a particular focus on national security. This workshop is one of several activities undertaken by the National Research Council that bears on the contributions of various scientific disciplines to understanding and defending against terrorism. The presentations were grouped in four sessions – Social Network Theory Perspectives, Dynamic Social Networks, Metrics and Models, and Networked Worlds – each of which concluded with a discussant-led roundtable discussion among the presenters and workshop attendees on the themes and issues raised in the session. ER -