%0 Book %A National Research Council %T Brain and Cognition: Some New Technologies %@ 978-0-309-07841-2 %D 1989 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1870/brain-and-cognition-some-new-technologies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1870/brain-and-cognition-some-new-technologies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 90 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Cognitive Aspects of Survey Methodology: Building a Bridge Between Disciplines %@ 978-0-309-07784-2 %D 1984 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/930/cognitive-aspects-of-survey-methodology-building-a-bridge-between-disciplines %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/930/cognitive-aspects-of-survey-methodology-building-a-bridge-between-disciplines %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 192 %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Long-Term Stewardship of Safety Data from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Letter Report: October 14, 2013 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22484/long-term-stewardship-of-safety-data-from-the-second-strategic-highway-research-program-shrp-2-letter-report-october-14-2013 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22484/long-term-stewardship-of-safety-data-from-the-second-strategic-highway-research-program-shrp-2-letter-report-october-14-2013 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X On October 14, 2013, TRB’s Committee on the Long-Term Stewardship of Safety Data from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) sent its second letter report to Victor Mendez, administrator of the Federal Highway Administration; David Strickland, administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; and Bud Wright, executive director of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. The letter report provides advice about the future administration of data now being collected as part of SHRP 2’s safety research program.This letter report builds off of the Committee’s first letter report of May 3, 2013, that recommended a phased approach to the long-term administration of the driving-safety data. The first phase (Phase 1), which would be overseen by a governance board, would be a period of experimentation with the administration of the driving-safety data and its actual use for research purposes.In the October 14 report, the committee provides a set of principles intended to maximize the use of the data and to ensure that their use is appropriate (e.g., that privacy is protected) and sustained. In addition, the committee provides recommendations concerning priority issues for the governance board to consider and specific activities for obtaining key empirical information in Phase 1. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Long-Term Stewardship of Safety Data from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Letter Report: May 3, 2013 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22583/long-term-stewardship-of-safety-data-from-the-second-strategic-highway-research-program-shrp-2-letter-report-may-3-2013 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22583/long-term-stewardship-of-safety-data-from-the-second-strategic-highway-research-program-shrp-2-letter-report-may-3-2013 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X On May 3, 2013, TRB’s Committee on the Long-Term Stewardship of Safety Data from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) sent its first letter report to Victor Mendez, administrator of the Federal Highway Administration; David Strickland, administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; and Bud Wright, executive director of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.The letter report provides advice on the future administration of data now being collected as part of SHRP 2’s safety research program. The report highlights the importance of an effective and rapid transition from data collection to widespread data use by researchers, and includes recommendations related to transition planning in anticipation of the time when SHRP 2 comes to an end in 2015.The committee that produced the report recommends a phased approach to the administration of the data, rather than entering into long-term agreements at this time based on insufficient information. The report discusses ownership, governance, and operation of the data during a first phase lasting about five years. As part of phase 1 planning and implementation to gain practical experience to inform long-term decision making, the committee recommends that potential user groups be identified, that rigorous estimates of cost elements for long-term implementation be obtained, and that evaluation criteria and a process for collecting lessons learned be established in ways that are not overly burdensome. %0 Book %T Principles and Practices for a Federal Statistical Agency %D 1992 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9043/principles-and-practices-for-a-federal-statistical-agency %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9043/principles-and-practices-for-a-federal-statistical-agency %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 27 %0 Book %T How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6160/how-people-learn-brain-mind-experience-and-school %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6160/how-people-learn-brain-mind-experience-and-school %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 346 %X When do infants begin to learn? How do experts learn and how is this different from non-experts? What can teachers and schools do—with curricula, classroom settings, and teaching methods—to help children learn most effectively? This book offers exciting new research about the mind and the brain that provides answers to these and other questions. New evidence from many branches of science has significantly added to our understanding of what it means to know, from the neural processes that occur during learning to the influence of culture on what people see and absorb. How People Learn examines these findings and their implications for what we teach, how we teach it, and how we assess what our children learn. The book uses exemplary teaching to illustrate how approaches based on what we now know result in in-depth learning. This new knowledge calls into question concepts and practices firmly entrenched in our current education system. Topics include: How learning actually changes the physical structure of the brain. How existing knowledge affects what people notice and how they learn. What the thought processes of experts tell us about how to teach. The amazing learning potential of infants. The relationship of classroom learning and everyday settings of community and workplace. Learning needs and opportunities for teachers. A realistic look at the role of technology in education. If education is to help students make sense of their surroundings and ready them for the challenges of the technology-driven, internationally competitive world, then it must be based on what we know about learning from science. In that light, this book will be of significant professional interest to teachers, education policymakers and administrators, and curriculum developers. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Baron, Sheldon %E Kruser, Dana S. %E Huey, Beverly Messick %T Quantitative Modeling of Human Performance in Complex, Dynamic Systems %@ 978-0-309-07842-9 %D 1990 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1490/quantitative-modeling-of-human-performance-in-complex-dynamic-systems %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1490/quantitative-modeling-of-human-performance-in-complex-dynamic-systems %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 108 %X This book describes and evaluates existing models of human performance and their use in the design and evaluation of new human-technology systems. Its primary focus is on the modeling of system operators who perform supervisory and manual control tasks. After an introduction on human performance modeling, the book describes information processing, control theory, task network, and knowledge-based models. It explains models of human performance in aircraft operations, nuclear power plant control, maintenance, and the supervisory control of process control systems, such as oil refineries. The book concludes with a discussion of model parameterization and validation and recommends a number of lines of research needed to strengthen model development and application. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Research Needs for Human Factors %@ 978-0-309-07867-2 %D 1983 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/759/research-needs-for-human-factors %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/759/research-needs-for-human-factors %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 170 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education: A Research Agenda %@ 978-0-309-07789-7 %D 1985 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/998/mathematics-science-and-technology-education-a-research-agenda %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/998/mathematics-science-and-technology-education-a-research-agenda %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 104 %X %0 Book %T Science Teacher Preparation in an Era of Standards-Based Reform %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9078/science-teacher-preparation-in-an-era-of-standards-based-reform %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9078/science-teacher-preparation-in-an-era-of-standards-based-reform %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 29 %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Graduate Research Award Program on Public-Sector Aviation Issues: 2012 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22826/graduate-research-award-program-on-public-sector-aviation-issues-2012 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22826/graduate-research-award-program-on-public-sector-aviation-issues-2012 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 18 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Research Results Digest 14: Graduate Research Award Program on Public-Sector Aviation Issues summarizes the results of the initial four years of the Graduate Research Award Program on Public-Sector Aviation Issues (ACRP Project 11-04).The program is designed to encourage applied research on airport-related aviation system issues and to foster the next generation of aviation community leaders.Under the program, up to ten awards of $10,000 each are made to full-time graduate students for successful completion of a research paper on public-sector airport-related aviation issues during the academic year. Candidates must be full-time students enrolled in a graduate degree program at an accredited institution of higher learning during the academic year.Successful papers are presented at the TRB Annual Meeting following completion of the program; exceptional papers have been published in subsequent volumes of the Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board.In January 2014 ACRP published Research Results Digest (RRD) 19, which supplements information in ACRP RRD 14. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Pew, Richard W. %E Mavor, Anne S. %T Modeling Human and Organizational Behavior: Application to Military Simulations %@ 978-0-309-06096-7 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6173/modeling-human-and-organizational-behavior-application-to-military-simulations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6173/modeling-human-and-organizational-behavior-application-to-military-simulations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 432 %X Simulations are widely used in the military for training personnel, analyzing proposed equipment, and rehearsing missions, and these simulations need realistic models of human behavior. This book draws together a wide variety of theoretical and applied research in human behavior modeling that can be considered for use in those simulations. It covers behavior at the individual, unit, and command level. At the individual soldier level, the topics covered include attention, learning, memory, decisionmaking, perception, situation awareness, and planning. At the unit level, the focus is on command and control. The book provides short-, medium-, and long-term goals for research and development of more realistic models of human behavior. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Wigdor, Alexandra K. %E Green, Bert F., Jr. %T Performance Assessment for the Workplace: Volume I %@ 978-0-309-07659-3 %D 1991 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1862/performance-assessment-for-the-workplace-volume-i %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1862/performance-assessment-for-the-workplace-volume-i %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %P 272 %X Although ability testing has been an American preoccupation since the 1920s, comparatively little systematic attention has been paid to understanding and measuring the kinds of human performance that tests are commonly used to predict—such as success at school or work. Now, a sustained, large-scale effort has been made to develop measures that are very close to actual performance on the job. The four military services have carried out an ambitious study, called the Joint-Service Job Performance Measurement/Enlistment Standards (JPM) Project, that brings new sophistication to the measurement of performance in work settings. Volume 1 analyzes the JPM experience in the context of human resource management policy in the military. Beginning with a historical overview of the criterion problem, it looks closely at substantive and methodological issues in criterion research suggested by the project: the development of performance measures; sampling, logistical, and standardization problems; evaluating the reliability and content representativeness of performance measures; and the relationship between predictor scores and performance measures—valuable information that can also be useful in the civilian workplace. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A Transportation Research Board %E Graham, Jerry L %E Campbell, John L %E Richard, Christian M %T Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems, Collection B: Chapters 6, 22 (Tutorial 3), and 23 (Updated) %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14203/human-factors-guidelines-for-road-systems-collection-b-chapters-6-22-tutorial-3-and-23-updated %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14203/human-factors-guidelines-for-road-systems-collection-b-chapters-6-22-tutorial-3-and-23-updated %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 38 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 600B, Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems, Collection B--including Chapters 6, 22 (Tutorial 3), and 23 (Updated)--explores human factors principles and findings for consideration by highway designers and traffic engineers. The report is designed to help the nonexpert in human factors to consider more effectively the roadway user's capabilities and limitations in the design and operation of highway facilities. Chapters 1 through 5, 10, 11, 13, 22 (Tutorials 1 and 2), 23, and 26 are available online. Additional chapters, to be developed under NCHRP Project 17-41 according to the priorities established by the project panel, are expected in late 2010. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Lesgold, Alan %E Feuer, Michael J. %E Black, Allison M. %T Transitions in Work and Learning: Implications for Assessment %@ 978-0-309-06365-4 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5790/transitions-in-work-and-learning-implications-for-assessment %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5790/transitions-in-work-and-learning-implications-for-assessment %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %P 35 %X The dramatic shift in the American labor market away from manufacturing and the growing gap in earnings between high school and college graduates have contributed to a sense of alarm about the capacity of the nation's schools to supply adequately skilled graduates to the work force. The role that schools can or should play in preparing people to enter the world of work is hotly debated. In an effort to nurture the important and ongoing national dialogue on these issues, the Board on Testing and Assessment asked researchers and policymakers to engage in an interdisciplinary review and discussion of available data and implications for assessment policy. Transitions in Work and Learning considers the role of assessment in facilitating improved labor market transitions and life-long learning of American workers. It addresses the apparent mismatch between skill requirements of high-performance workplaces and skills acquired by students in school, the validity of existing assessment technologies to determine skills and competencies of persons entering various occupations, and ethical and legal issues in the implementation of new testing and certification programs. The book also examines the role of assessment in determining needed skills; developing ongoing education and training; and providing information to employers, prospective workers, and schools. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %T Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2007 Symposium %@ 978-0-309-11253-6 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12027/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12027/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 208 %X U.S. Frontiers of Engineering (USFOE) symposia bring together 100 outstanding engineers (ages 30 to 45) to exchange information about leading-edge technologies in a range of engineering fields. The 2007 symposium covered engineering trustworthy computer systems, control of protein conformations, biotechnology for fuels and chemicals, modulating and simulating human behavior, and safe water technologies. Papers in this volume describe leading-edge research on disparate tools in software security, decoding the "mechanome," corn-based materials, modeling human cultural behavior, water treatment by UV irradiation, and many other topics. A speech by dinner speaker Dr. Henrique (Rico) Malvar, managing director of Microsoft Research, is also included. Appendixes provide information about contributors, the symposium program, summaries of break-out sessions, and a list of participants. This is the thirteenth volume in the USFOE series. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Outlook for Science and Technology 1985 %@ 978-0-309-06236-7 %D 1985 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/862/the-outlook-for-science-and-technology-1985 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/862/the-outlook-for-science-and-technology-1985 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 62 %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Huey, Beverly Messick %E Wickens, Christopher D. %T Workload Transition: Implications for Individual and Team Performance %@ 978-0-309-04796-8 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2045/workload-transition-implications-for-individual-and-team-performance %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2045/workload-transition-implications-for-individual-and-team-performance %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 304 %X Workload transition is a potentially crucial problem in work situations wherein operators are faced with abrupt changes in task demands. People involved include military combat personnel, air-traffic controllers, medical personnel in emergency rooms, and long-distance drivers. They must be able to respond efficiently to sudden increases in workload imposed by a failure, crisis, or other, often unexpected, event. This book provides a systematic evaluation of workload transition. It focuses on a broad spectrum of activities ranging from team cooperation to the maintenance of this problem on a theoretical level and offers several practical solutions. %0 Book %T Early Childhood Development and Learning: New Knowledge for Policy %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10067/early-childhood-development-and-learning-new-knowledge-for-policy %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10067/early-childhood-development-and-learning-new-knowledge-for-policy %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 122 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Computer-Aided Materials Selection During Structural Design %@ 978-0-309-05193-4 %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4829/computer-aided-materials-selection-during-structural-design %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4829/computer-aided-materials-selection-during-structural-design %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Industry and Labor %P 84 %X The selection of the proper materials for a structural component is a critical activity that is governed by many, often conflicting factors. Incorporating materials expert systems into CAD/CAM operations could assist designers by suggesting potential manufacturing processes for particular products to facilitate concurrent engineering, recommending various materials for a specific part based on a given set of characteristics, or proposing possible modifications of a design if suitable materials for a particular part do not exist. This book reviews the structural design process, determines the elements, and capabilities required for a materials selection expert system to assist design engineers, and recommends the areas of expert system and materials modeling research and development required to devise a materials-specific design system.