%0 Book %A National Academy of Medicine %E DeStefano, Laura Harbold %E Fuentes-Afflick, Elena %E Higginbotham, Eve %E Woolley, Mary %E Yamamoto, Keith %T Transforming Human Health: Celebrating 50 Years of Discovery and Progress %@ 978-0-309-69395-0 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26722/transforming-human-health-celebrating-50-years-of-discovery-and-progress %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26722/transforming-human-health-celebrating-50-years-of-discovery-and-progress %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 156 %X The past half-century has been an era of astonishing progress for biomedical science, health, and health care in the United States and worldwide. This volume, commissioned to mark the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine (NAM; formerly the Institute of Medicine [IOM]), tells the story of that progress across five major fields: biomedical science and technology, diseases and conditions, public health, U.S. health care, and global health. Since the NAM was founded in 1970, the nation and the world have seen multitudes of remarkable "firsts"—including the dawn of targeted gene therapies, the near eradication of polio, revolutionary treatments for cancers and cardiovascular disease, and many more. NAM members were the architects of many of these breakthroughs, alongside countless dedicated scientists, clinicians, educators, and public health leaders worldwide. The milestones chronicled in this volume are a testament to their remarkable work, which has saved and improved innumerable lives. %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Inc., Countermeasures Assessment and Security Experts, LLC and Transportation Resource Associates %T Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators, Volume 1: Research Overview %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25115/tools-and-strategies-for-eliminating-assaults-against-transit-operators-volume-1-research-overview %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25115/tools-and-strategies-for-eliminating-assaults-against-transit-operators-volume-1-research-overview %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 156 %X TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Research Report 193: Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators, Volume 1: Research Overview provides the materials and methodology used to produce potential countermeasures and strategies to prevent or mitigate assaults against transit operators.Transit industry policies, practices, and operating procedures related to preventing, mitigating, and responding to operator assaults are not uniform. The policies and procedures set by the transit agency and situational and design factors can shape mitigation approaches. The format, scale, and implementation of these measures vary greatly among transit agencies. Many agencies have written policies that address workplace violence prevention, but they vary widely in content, scope, and application. Relevant skills and training required by transit operators to address this issue vary as well.Volume 1 documents the materials used to develop TCRP Research Report 193: Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators, Volume 2: User Guide. The User Guide includes an operator assault risk management toolbox developed to support transit agencies in their efforts to prevent, mitigate, and respond to assaults against operators. The User Guide also provides transit agencies with guidance in the use and deployment of the vulnerability self-assessment tool and the route-based risk calculator and includes supportive checklists, guidelines, and methodologies. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Inc., Countermeasures Assessment and Security Experts, LLC and Transportation Resource Associates %T Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators, Volume 2: User Guide %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25114/tools-and-strategies-for-eliminating-assaults-against-transit-operators-volume-2-user-guide %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25114/tools-and-strategies-for-eliminating-assaults-against-transit-operators-volume-2-user-guide %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 126 %X TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Research Report 193: Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators, Volume 2: User Guide provides potential countermeasures and strategies to prevent or mitigate assaults against transit operators. The User Guide includes an operator assault risk management toolbox developed to support transit agencies in their efforts to prevent, mitigate, and respond to assaults against operators. The User Guide also provides transit agencies with guidance in the use and deployment of the vulnerability self-assessment tool and the route-based risk calculator and includes supportive checklists, guidelines, and methodologies.Transit industry policies, practices, and operating procedures related to preventing, mitigating, and responding to operator assaults are not uniform. The policies and procedures set by the transit agency and situational and design factors can shape mitigation approaches. The format, scale, and implementation of these measures vary greatly among transit agencies. Many agencies have written policies that address workplace violence prevention, but they vary widely in content, scope, and application. Relevant skills and training required by transit operators to address this issue vary as well.TCRP Research Report 193: Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators, Volume 1: Research Overview documents the materials and methodology used to develop Volume 2: User Guide. %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Kuhn, Jens-Uwe %E Arain, Nizam %E Bell, Justin %E Davis, Brianna %E Kaiser, Helen %E Madden, Devin %E Prepetit, Guilene %E Williamsen, Kaaren %T Strategies for Developing, Implementing, and Sustaining Sexual Harassment Bystander Intervention Programs for Faculty, Staff, and Graduate Students %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27266/strategies-for-developing-implementing-and-sustaining-sexual-harassment-bystander-intervention-programs-for-faculty-staff-and-graduate-students %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27266/strategies-for-developing-implementing-and-sustaining-sexual-harassment-bystander-intervention-programs-for-faculty-staff-and-graduate-students %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 39 %X To address the persistent problem of sexual harassment within higher education, research suggests that environments need to convey that sexual harassment is not a norm and actively discourage it when it does occur. One approach that researchers have identified as helping to create such environments is bystander intervention programs, which prepare and equip individuals to interrupt and intervene when harassing behavior occurs. This paper explores bystander intervention training approaches that are designed for the complex work environments within higher education, and considers how to apply the principles of bystander intervention to the experiences and environments of faculty, staff, and graduate students., Institutions within the Action Collaborative were asked a standard set of questions to learn about their experiences with commitment and buy-in from leadership, details on how the trainings were developed and what audience it was targeted to, and how the training programs were evaluated. The paper summarizes responses from seven of these institutions and ends with a call for additional research and action. This individually-authored issue paper was created by members of the Prevention Working Group of the Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education to understand how institutions are addressing the gap in bystander intervention training for faculty, staff, and graduate students. The Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine brings together academic and research institutions and key stakeholders to work toward targeted, collective action on addressing and preventing sexual harassment across all disciplines and among all people in higher education. The Action Collaborative includes four working groups (Prevention, Response, Remediation, and Evaluation) that identify topics in need of research, gather information, and publish resources for the higher education community. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Lam, Mariam %E Falcon, Ashley %E Merhill, Nicole %E Spear, Kaitlin %T Approaches to the Evaluation of Sexual Harassment Prevention and Response Efforts %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27267/approaches-to-the-evaluation-of-sexual-harassment-prevention-and-response-efforts %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27267/approaches-to-the-evaluation-of-sexual-harassment-prevention-and-response-efforts %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 45 %X Evaluation, an important component of all research, is critical to integrate into interventions addressing sexual harassment, because the targets of such harassment can suffer serious consequences, including physical and emotional harm, lost educational opportunities, and negative effects on their career. Not only are the consequences potentially severe, but the problem is pervasive across all levels of academia. Studies show that 20–50 percent of undergraduate and graduate students experience sexual harassment from faculty or staff, as well as nearly 50 percent of women faculty and staff in academia. Moreover, despite efforts in recent decades to prevent and respond effectively to sexual harassment, it remains a significant issue with no clear decline in incidence rates. This paper offers insight into selecting the appropriate methods for evaluating interventions based on evidence, case studies, and the perspectives and experiences of the authors. The goal of the paper is to provide interested parties in higher education with an introduction to methods and approaches to evaluating interventions designed to prevent and respond to sexual harassment in their institutions. This individually-authored issue paper was created by members of the Evaluation Working Group of the Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education to explore the challenges and research areas related to the evaluation of a wide range of efforts to address sexual harassment, which they present in this document. The Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine brings together academic and research institutions and key stakeholders to work toward targeted, collective action on addressing and preventing sexual harassment across all disciplines and among all people in higher education. The Action Collaborative includes four working groups (Prevention, Response, Remediation, and Evaluation) that identify topics in need of research, gather information, and publish resources for the higher education community. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Practices to Protect Bus Operators from Passenger Assault %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14609/practices-to-protect-bus-operators-from-passenger-assault %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14609/practices-to-protect-bus-operators-from-passenger-assault %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 126 %X TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 93: Practices to Protect Bus Operators from Passenger Assault highlights practices and policies implemented by transit agencies to deter and mitigate assaults on bus operators. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Chalk, Rosemary %E Phillips, Deborah A. %T Youth Development and Neighborhood Influences: Challenges and Opportunities %@ 978-0-309-05649-6 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5511/youth-development-and-neighborhood-influences-challenges-and-opportunities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5511/youth-development-and-neighborhood-influences-challenges-and-opportunities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 40 %X On January 25, 1996, the Committee on Youth Development of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families convened a workshop to examine the implications of research on social settings for the design and evaluation of programs that serve youth. The January workshop provided an opportunity for the committee to examine the strengths and limitations of existing research on interactions between social settings and adolescent development. This research has drawn attention to the importance of understanding how, when, and where adolescents interact with their families, peers, and unrelated adults in settings such as home, school, places of work, and recreational sites. This workshop builds on previous work of the National Research Council and reiterates its support for integrating studies of social settings into more traditional research on individual characteristics, family functioning, and peer relationships in seeking to describe and explain adolescent behavior and youth outcomes. Not only does this report examine the strengths and limitations of research on social settings and adolescence and identify important research questions that deserve further study in developing this field, but it also explores alternative methods by which the findings of research on social settings could be better integrated into the development of youth programs and services. Specific themes include the impact of social settings on differences in developmental pathways, role expectations, and youth identity and decision-making skills, as well as factors that contribute to variations in community context. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Core Competencies for Highway Safety Professionals %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23252/core-competencies-for-highway-safety-professionals %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23252/core-competencies-for-highway-safety-professionals %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 22 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 302 examines to what extent core competencies for highway safety professionals are incorporated into existing safety curricula and suggests strategies to expand their application to a broader audience. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Reiss, Albert J., Jr. %E Roth, Jeffrey A. %T Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 4: Consequences and Control %@ 978-0-309-05079-1 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4422/understanding-and-preventing-violence-volume-4-consequences-and-control %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4422/understanding-and-preventing-violence-volume-4-consequences-and-control %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 408 %X This book analyzes the consequences of violence and strategies for controlling them. Included are reviews of public perceptions and reactions to violence; estimates of the costs; the commonalities and complementarities of criminal justice and public health responses; efforts to reduce violence through the prediction and classification of violent offenders; and the relationships between trends in violence and prison population during a period of greatly increased use of incarceration. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Kipke, Michele D. %T Risks and Opportunities: Synthesis of Studies on Adolescence %@ 978-0-309-06791-1 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9721/risks-and-opportunities-synthesis-of-studies-on-adolescence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9721/risks-and-opportunities-synthesis-of-studies-on-adolescence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 96 %X This report constitutes one of the first activities of the Forum on Adolescence, a cross-cutting activity of the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council of the National Academies. Established under the auspices of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families, the forum's overaching mission is to synthesize, analyze, and evaluate scientific research on critical national issues that relate to youth and their families, as well as to disseminate research and its policy and programmatic implications. The goals of the forum are to: (1) review and establish the science base on adolescent health and development and make efforts to foster this development; (2) identify new directions and support for research in this area, approaching research as a resource to be developed cumulatively over time; (3) showcase new research, programs, and policies that have demonstrated promise in improving the health and well-being of adolescents; (4) convene and foster collaborations among individuals who represent diverse viewpoints and backgrounds, with a view to enhancing the quality of leadership in this area; and (5) disseminate research on adolescence and its policy implications to a wide array of audiences, from the scientific community to the lay public. %0 Book %T Service Provider Perspectives on Family Violence Interventions %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9053/service-provider-perspectives-on-family-violence-interventions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9053/service-provider-perspectives-on-family-violence-interventions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 124 %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Moore, Mark H. %E Petrie, Carol V. %E Braga, Anthony A. %E McLaughlin, Brenda L. %T Deadly Lessons: Understanding Lethal School Violence %@ 978-0-309-08412-3 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10370/deadly-lessons-understanding-lethal-school-violence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10370/deadly-lessons-understanding-lethal-school-violence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 400 %X The shooting at Columbine High School riveted national attention on violence in the nation's schools. This dramatic example signaled an implicit and growing fear that these events would continue to occur—and even escalate in scale and severity. How do we make sense of the tragedy of a school shooting or even draw objective conclusions from these incidents? Deadly Lessons is the outcome of the National Research Council's unique effort to glean lessons from six case studies of lethal student violence. These are powerful stories of parents and teachers and troubled youths, presenting the tragic complexity of the young shooter's social and personal circumstances in rich detail. The cases point to possible causes of violence and suggest where interventions may be most effective. Readers will come away with a better understanding of the potential threat, how violence might be prevented, and how healing might be promoted in affected communities. For each case study, Deadly Lessons relates events leading up to the violence, provides quotes from personal interviews about the incident, and explores the impact on the community. The case studies center on: Two separate incidents in East New York in which three students were killed and a teacher was seriously wounded. A shooting on the south side of Chicago in which one youth was killed and two wounded. A shooting into a prayer group at a Kentucky high school in which three students were killed. The killing of four students and a teacher and the wounding of 10 others at an Arkansas middle school. The shooting of a popular science teacher by a teenager in Edinboro, Pennsylvania. A suspected copycat of Columbine in which six students were wounded in Georgia. For everyone who puzzles over these terrible incidents, Deadly Lessons offers a fresh perspective on the most fundamental of questions: Why? %0 Book %T Paying Attention to Children in a Changing Health Care System %@ 978-0-309-05588-8 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5408/paying-attention-to-children-in-a-changing-health-care-system %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5408/paying-attention-to-children-in-a-changing-health-care-system %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 104 %X America's health care system is being reshaped by a variety of market-driven changes, and states are emerging as the major governmental influence on health care policy. Amid these changes, the health and well-being of children can slip from view. Although most children are fundamentally healthy, they require health care that emphasizes preventive services, such as immunizations and regular monitoring of physical and psychosocial growth and development. This volume takes a broad look at access and quality of care for pregnant women, children, and mothers. Among the issues addressed are the scope of benefits available under various health care reform efforts and services for special-needs children under managed care. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Stoto, Michael A. %E Abel, Cynthia %E Dievler, Anne %T Healthy Communities: New Partnerships for the Future of Public Health %@ 978-0-309-05625-0 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5475/healthy-communities-new-partnerships-for-the-future-of-public-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5475/healthy-communities-new-partnerships-for-the-future-of-public-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 90 %X The Future of Public Health, issued in 1988, set forth a vision of public health and a specific role for the governmental public health agency within that vision, including the mission and content of public health, and an organizational framework. In the eight years since the report was released, there has been a significant strengthening of practice in governmental public health agencies and other settings. Substantial social, demographic, and technological changes in recent years, however, have made it necessary to reexamine governmental public health agencies' efforts to improve the public's health. Drawing on the activities and discussions initiated by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on Public Health, the current report addresses two critical public health issues that can greatly influence the opportunity for our public to be healthy as the United States enters a new century-(1) the relationship between public health agencies and managed care organizations, and (2) the role of the public health agency in the community-and their implications for the broader issues raised in The Future of Public Health. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Sullivan, Jaime %E Otto, Jay %E Dively, Katie %E Hanson, Bridget %E Finley, Kari %E Gee, Karen %E Pinzl, Samantha %E Arpin, Jamie %E Hamann, Cara %T Highway Safety Behavioral Strategies for Rural Areas %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27196/highway-safety-behavioral-strategies-for-rural-areas %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27196/highway-safety-behavioral-strategies-for-rural-areas %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 178 %X Rural roads have a higher risk of fatality or serious injury than urban roads due to factors such as varying terrain, wildlife, and long distances between services. BTSCRP Web-Only Document 4: Highway Safety Behavioral Strategies for Rural Areas, from TRB's Behavioral Transportation Safety Cooperative Research Program, documents the overall research effort that produced BTSCRP Research Report 8: Highway Safety Behavioral Strategies for Rural and Tribal Areas: A Guide. Supplemental to the document is a PowerPoint presentation that outlines the project.