%0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Carroll, Leigh %E Perez, Megan M. %E Taylor, Rachel M. %T The Evidence for Violence Prevention Across the Lifespan and Around the World: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-28906-1 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18399/the-evidence-for-violence-prevention-across-the-lifespan-and-around-the-world %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18399/the-evidence-for-violence-prevention-across-the-lifespan-and-around-the-world %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 160 %X The Evidence for Violence Prevention Across the Lifespan and Around the World is the summary of a workshop convened in January 2013 by the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Global Violence Prevention to explore value and application of the evidence for violence prevention across the lifespan and around the world. As part of the Forum's mandate is to engage in multisectoral, multidirectional dialogue that explores crosscutting approaches to violence prevention, this workshop examined how existing evidence for violence prevention can continue to be expanded, disseminated, and implemented in ways that further the ultimate aims of improved individual well-being and safer communities. This report examines violence prevention interventions that have been proven to reduce different types of violence (e.g., child and elder abuse, intimate partner and sexual violence, youth and collective violence, and self-directed violence), identifies the common approaches most lacking in evidentiary support, and discusses ways that proven effective interventions can be integrated or otherwise linked with other prevention programs. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Blakeslee, Katherine M. %E Patel, Deepali M. %E Simon, Melissa A. %T Communications and Technology for Violence Prevention: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-25351-2 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13352/communications-and-technology-for-violence-prevention-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13352/communications-and-technology-for-violence-prevention-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Computers and Information Technology %P 164 %X In the last 25 years, a major shift has occurred in the field of violence prevention, from the assumption that violence is inevitable to the realization that violence is preventable. As we learn more about what works to reduce violence, the challenge facing those who work in the field is how to use all of this new information to rapidly deploy or enhance new programs. At the same time, new communications technologies and distribution channels have altered traditional means of communications, and have made community-based efforts to prevent violence possible by making information readily available. How can these new technologies be successfully applied to the field of violence prevention? On December 8-9, 2011, the IOM's Forum on Global Violence Prevention held a workshop to explore the intersection of violence prevention and information and communications technology. The workshop - called "mPreventViolence" - provided an opportunity for practitioners to engage in new and innovative thinking concerning these two fields with the goal of bridging gaps in language, processes, and mechanisms. The workshop focused on exploring the potential applications of technology to violence prevention, drawing on experience in development, health, and the social sector as well as from industry and the private sector. Communication and Technology for Violence Prevention: Workshop Summary is the report that fully explains this workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Flavahan, Louise %E Romaine, Joan %T Public Policy Approaches to Violence Prevention: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25031/public-policy-approaches-to-violence-prevention-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25031/public-policy-approaches-to-violence-prevention-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 9 %X The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on December 1–2, 2016, with the aim of illuminating the ways in which violence prevention practitioners can effectively share their evidenced-based research findings with policy makers in order to positively affect and amplify violence prevention efforts. The workshop explored this topic through three lenses: (1) economics and costing, (2) research and evidence, and (3) effective communications and messaging. This approach underscored the fact that violence prevention is a complex and multi-faceted issue that requires an interdisciplinary approach. This 2-day workshop brought together a diverse group of experts from various domains and backgrounds to foster multi-sectoral dialogues on the topic. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Tomaszewski, Evelyn %T Identifying the Role of Violence and Its Prevention in the Post-2015 Global Agenda: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25076/identifying-the-role-of-violence-and-its-prevention-in-the-post-2015-global-agenda %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25076/identifying-the-role-of-violence-and-its-prevention-in-the-post-2015-global-agenda %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 10 %X To illuminate the role of violence and its prevention in the post-2015 global agenda, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine’s Forum on Global Violence Prevention convened a 2-day meeting to explore the ways in which violence prevention efforts fit into the global agenda and to begin to identify the ways in which the U.S. government as well as state governments, industries, multilaterals, nongovernmental organizations, and other institutions might be able to support and advance both the sustainable development agenda and the violence prevention objectives within it. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the meeting. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Scott, Kimberly A. %T Violence Prevention in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Finding a Place on the Global Agenda: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-11205-5 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12016/violence-prevention-in-low-and-middle-income-countries-finding-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12016/violence-prevention-in-low-and-middle-income-countries-finding-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 280 %X The current state of science in violence prevention reveals progress, promise, and a number of remaining challenges. In order to fully examine the issue of global violence prevention, the Institute of Medicine in collaboration with Global Violence Prevention Advocacy, convened a workshop and released the workshop summary entitled, Violence Prevention in Low-and Middle-Income Countries. The workshop brought together participants with a wide array of expertise in fields related to health, criminal justice, public policy, and economic development, to study and articulate specific opportunities for the U.S. government and other leaders with resources to more effectively support programming for prevention of the many types of violence. Participants highlighted the need for the timely development of an integrated, science-based approach and agenda to support research, clinical practice, program development, policy analysis, and advocacy for violence prevention. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Patel, Deepali %T Violence and Mental Health: Opportunities for Prevention and Early Detection: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-46662-2 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24916/violence-and-mental-health-opportunities-for-prevention-and-early-detection %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24916/violence-and-mental-health-opportunities-for-prevention-and-early-detection %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 172 %X On February 26–27, 2014, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Forum on Global Violence Prevention convened a workshop titled Mental Health and Violence: Opportunities for Prevention and Early Intervention. The workshop brought together advocates and experts in public health and mental health, anthropology, biomedical science, criminal justice, global health and development, and neuroscience to examine experience, evidence, and practice at the intersection of mental health and violence. Participants explored how violence impacts mental health and how mental health influences violence and discussed approaches to improve research and practice in both domains. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Casola, Linda %E Hamilton, Liza %T Managing, Reducing, and Preventing Fear of Violence: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26038/managing-reducing-and-preventing-fear-of-violence-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26038/managing-reducing-and-preventing-fear-of-violence-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 10 %X The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Forum on Global Violence Prevention convened a virtual workshop on July 21-23, 2020, to discuss the biological impacts, cultural influences, prevalent causes, and intervention strategies related to fear of violence. This publication highlights the presentations of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Alper, Joe %E Martinez, Rose Marie %E Rosenberg, Dara %T Integrating Firearm Injury Prevention into Health Care: Proceedings of a Joint Workshop of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Northwell Health; and PEACE Initiative %@ 978-0-309-69349-3 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26707/integrating-firearm-injury-prevention-into-health-care-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26707/integrating-firearm-injury-prevention-into-health-care-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 108 %X The staggering number of deaths and emergency department visits caused by firearm injuries has only grown with time. Costs associated with firearm related injuries amount to over a billion dollars annually in the United States alone, not including physician charges and postdischarge costs. To address this epidemic, in April of 2022, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, in collaboration with Northwell Heath and the PEACE Initiative, brought together firearm injury prevention thought leaders to explore how health systems can integrate interventions for firearm injury prevention into routine care for the purpose of improving the health of patients and communities. The workshop speakers discussed strategies for firearm injury and mortality prevention and its integration into routine care. Speakers also explored facilitators and barriers to implementation strategies, and how health systems might work to overcome those barriers. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Patel, Deepali M. %E Simon, Melissa A. %E Taylor, Rachel M. %T Contagion of Violence: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-26364-1 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13489/contagion-of-violence-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13489/contagion-of-violence-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 186 %X The past 25 years have seen a major paradigm shift in the field of violence prevention, from the assumption that violence is inevitable to the recognition that violence is preventable. Part of this shift has occurred in thinking about why violence occurs, and where intervention points might lie. In exploring the occurrence of violence, researchers have recognized the tendency for violent acts to cluster, to spread from place to place, and to mutate from one type to another. Furthermore, violent acts are often preceded or followed by other violent acts. In the field of public health, such a process has also been seen in the infectious disease model, in which an agent or vector initiates a specific biological pathway leading to symptoms of disease and infectivity. The agent transmits from individual to individual, and levels of the disease in the population above the baseline constitute an epidemic. Although violence does not have a readily observable biological agent as an initiator, it can follow similar epidemiological pathways. On April 30-May 1, 2012, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Forum on Global Violence Prevention convened a workshop to explore the contagious nature of violence. Part of the Forum's mandate is to engage in multisectoral, multidirectional dialogue that explores crosscutting, evidence-based approaches to violence prevention, and the Forum has convened four workshops to this point exploring various elements of violence prevention. The workshops are designed to examine such approaches from multiple perspectives and at multiple levels of society. In particular, the workshop on the contagion of violence focused on exploring the epidemiology of the contagion, describing possible processes and mechanisms by which violence is transmitted, examining how contextual factors mitigate or exacerbate the issue. Contagion of Violence: Workshop Summary covers the major topics that arose during the 2-day workshop. It is organized by important elements of the infectious disease model so as to present the contagion of violence in a larger context and in a more compelling and comprehensive way. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Patel, Deepali M. %E Taylor, Rachel M. %T Social and Economic Costs of Violence: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-22024-8 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13254/social-and-economic-costs-of-violence-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13254/social-and-economic-costs-of-violence-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 192 %X Measuring the social and economic costs of violence can be difficult, and most estimates only consider direct economic effects, such as productivity loss or the use of health care services. Communities and societies feel the effects of violence through loss of social cohesion, financial divestment, and the increased burden on the healthcare and justice systems. Initial estimates show that early violence prevention intervention has economic benefits. The IOM Forum on Global Violence Prevention held a workshop to examine the successes and challenges of calculating direct and indirect costs of violence, as well as the potential cost-effectiveness of intervention. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Patel, Deepali M. %T Preventing Violence Against Women and Children: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-21151-2 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13139/preventing-violence-against-women-and-children-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13139/preventing-violence-against-women-and-children-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 236 %X Violence against women and children is a serious public health concern, with costs at multiple levels of society. Although violence is a threat to everyone, women and children are particularly susceptible to victimization because they often have fewer rights or lack appropriate means of protection. In some societies certain types of violence are deemed socially or legally acceptable, thereby contributing further to the risk to women and children. In the past decade research has documented the growing magnitude of such violence, but gaps in the data still remain. Victims of violence of any type fear stigmatization or societal condemnation and thus often hesitate to report crimes. The issue is compounded by the fact that for women and children the perpetrators are often people they know and because some countries lack laws or regulations protecting victims. Some of the data that have been collected suggest that rates of violence against women range from 15 to 71 percent in some countries and that rates of violence against children top 80 percent. These data demonstrate that violence poses a high burden on global health and that violence against women and children is common and universal. Preventing Violence Against Women and Children focuses on these elements of the cycle as they relate to interrupting this transmission of violence. Intervention strategies include preventing violence before it starts as well as preventing recurrence, preventing adverse effects (such as trauma or the consequences of trauma), and preventing the spread of violence to the next generation or social level. Successful strategies consider the context of the violence, such as family, school, community, national, or regional settings, in order to determine the best programs. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Flavahan, Louise %T Means of Violence: Workshop in Brief %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21814/means-of-violence-workshop-in-brief %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21814/means-of-violence-workshop-in-brief %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 8 %X In an average day, there are approximately 4,000 violent deaths across the globe. In 1 week, there are 26,000 and in 1 month, 120,000. Workshop speaker James Mercy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention highlighted that these figures are directly influenced by the means and methods selected as tools of violence and their degree of lethality; simply put, means matter. The more lethal a given mean or method of violence, the more likely that it will cause a higher burden of both self-directed and interpersonal lethal violence. In order to explore this relationship in greater depth, the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Global Violence Prevention held a workshop on December 18-19, 2014, with the aim of illuminating the lethal means and methods of both self-directed and interpersonal violence. Means of Violence highlights the workshop proceedings outside of the commissioned papers in greater detail while allowing the papers and corresponding presentations to speak for themselves. The commissioned papers referenced in this report can be found on the Resources tab of this catalog page. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Tomaszewski, Evelyn %T Addressing the Social and Cultural Norms That Underlie the Acceptance of Violence: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25075/addressing-the-social-and-cultural-norms-that-underlie-the-acceptance-of-violence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25075/addressing-the-social-and-cultural-norms-that-underlie-the-acceptance-of-violence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 10 %X Social and cultural norms are rules or expectations of behavior and thoughts based on shared beliefs within a specific cultural or social group. While often unspoken, norms offer social standards for appropriate and inappropriate behavior that govern what is (and is not) acceptable in interactions among people. Social and cultural norms are highly influential over individual behavior in a broad variety of contexts, including violence and its prevention, because norms can create an environment that can either foster or mitigate violence and its deleterious effects. To better understand how social and cultural norms are related to violence and violence prevention, the Forum on Global Violence Prevention convened a workshop on October 29–30, 2015, to explore the social and cultural norms that underlie the acceptance of violence, with a focus on violence against women across the lifespan, violence against children, and youth violence. The workshop addressed causes, effects, characteristics, and contextual variations related to social and cultural norms related to violence; what is known about the effectiveness of efforts to alter those norms in order to prevent and mitigate such violence; and the role of multiple sectors and stakeholders in the prevention of this violence. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Tomaszewski, Evelyn %T The Neurocognitive and Psychosocial Impacts of Violence and Trauma: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25077/the-neurocognitive-and-psychosocial-impacts-of-violence-and-trauma-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25077/the-neurocognitive-and-psychosocial-impacts-of-violence-and-trauma-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 10 %X Childhood experiences, both positive and negative, can affect an individual’s health and opportunities as an adult and have far-reaching effects on future violence victimization and perpetration. To better understand the impact of violence and trauma on neurocognitive functions and psychosocial well-being, the Forum on Global Violence Prevention convened a 2-day workshop on July 31– August 1, 2017. The workshop approached childhood experiences, violence, and trauma from a broad range of perspectives and participants heard from survivors of trauma, researchers, and practitioners. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Flavahan, Louise %T Preventing Intimate Partner Violence in Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine, the National Research Council, and the Uganda National Academy of Sciences %@ 978-0-309-37451-4 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21756/preventing-intimate-partner-violence-in-uganda-kenya-and-tanzania-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21756/preventing-intimate-partner-violence-in-uganda-kenya-and-tanzania-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 108 %X Globally, between 15-71 percent of women will experience physical and/or sexual abuse from an intimate partner at some point in their lifetime. Too often this preventable form of violence is repetitive in nature, occurring at multiple points across the lifespan. The prevalence of intimate partner violence is on the higher end of this spectrum in East Africa, with in-country demographic and health surveys indicating that approximately half of all women between the ages of 15-49 in Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania having experienced physical or sexual abuse within a partnership. It is now widely accepted that preventing intimate partner violence is possible and can be achieved through a greater understanding of the problem; its risk and protective factors; and effective evidence-informed primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. To that end, on August 11-12, 2014, the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Global Violence Prevention, in a collaborative partnership with the Uganda National Academy of Sciences, convened a workshop focused on informing and creating synergies within a diverse community of researchers, health workers, and decision makers committed to promoting intimate partner violence-prevention efforts that are innovative, evidence-based, and crosscutting. This workshop brought together a variety of stakeholders and community workers from Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania to engage in a meaningful, multidirectional dialogue regarding intimate partner violence in the region. Preventing Intimate Partner Violence in Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Taylor, Rachel M. %T Elder Abuse and Its Prevention: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-29351-8 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18518/elder-abuse-and-its-prevention-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18518/elder-abuse-and-its-prevention-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 170 %X Elder Abuse and Its Prevention is the summary of a workshop convened in April 2013 by the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Global Violence Prevention. Using an ecological framework, this workshop explored the burden of elder abuse around the world, focusing on its impacts on individuals, families, communities, and societies. Additionally, the workshop addressed occurrences and co-occurrences of different types of abuse, including physical, sexual, emotional, and financial, as well as neglect. The ultimate objective was to illuminate promising global and multisectoral evidence-based approaches to the prevention of elder maltreatment. While the workshop covered scope and prevalence and unique characteristics of abuse, the intention was to move beyond what is known about elder abuse to foster discussions about how to improve prevention, intervention, and mitigation of the victims' needs, particularly through collaborative efforts. The workshop discussions included innovative intervention models and opportunities for prevention across sectors and settings. Violence and related forms of abuse against elders is a global public health and human rights problem with far-reaching consequences, resulting in increased death, disability, and exploitation with collateral effects on well-being. Data suggest that at least 10 percent of elders in the United States are victims of elder maltreatment every year. In low- and middle-income countries, where the burden of violence is the greatest, the figure is likely even higher. In addition, elders experiencing risk factors such as diminishing cognitive function, caregiver dependence, and social isolation are more vulnerable to maltreatment and underreporting. As the world population of adults aged 65 and older continues to grow, the implications of elder maltreatment for health care, social welfare, justice, and financial systems are great. However, despite the magnitude of global elder maltreatment, it has been an underappreciated public health problem. Elder Abuse and Its Prevention discusses the prevalence and characteristics of elder abuse around the world, risk factors for abuse and potential adverse health outcomes, and contextually specific factors, such as culture and the role of the community. %0 Book %A National Academy of Medicine %E DeStefano, Laura Harbold %E Fuentes-Afflick, Elena %E Higginbotham, Eve %E Woolley, Mary %E Yamamoto, Keith %T Transforming Human Health: Celebrating 50 Years of Discovery and Progress %@ 978-0-309-69395-0 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26722/transforming-human-health-celebrating-50-years-of-discovery-and-progress %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26722/transforming-human-health-celebrating-50-years-of-discovery-and-progress %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 156 %X The past half-century has been an era of astonishing progress for biomedical science, health, and health care in the United States and worldwide. This volume, commissioned to mark the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine (NAM; formerly the Institute of Medicine [IOM]), tells the story of that progress across five major fields: biomedical science and technology, diseases and conditions, public health, U.S. health care, and global health. Since the NAM was founded in 1970, the nation and the world have seen multitudes of remarkable "firsts"—including the dawn of targeted gene therapies, the near eradication of polio, revolutionary treatments for cancers and cardiovascular disease, and many more. NAM members were the architects of many of these breakthroughs, alongside countless dedicated scientists, clinicians, educators, and public health leaders worldwide. The milestones chronicled in this volume are a testament to their remarkable work, which has saved and improved innumerable lives. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Hamilton, Liza %E Mack, Alison %T Interpersonal Violence Syndemics and Co-Occurring Epidemics: Preventing Violence in the Context of Opioid Misuse, Suicide, Social Disparities, and HIV: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25634/interpersonal-violence-syndemics-and-co-occurring-epidemics-preventing-violence-in %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25634/interpersonal-violence-syndemics-and-co-occurring-epidemics-preventing-violence-in %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 8 %X The syndemics model is used to describe co-occurring epidemics that have a multiplicative effect on bodily systems through the adverse interaction of two or more diseases or health conditions. Additionally, in these situations, interactions with social conditions exacerbate both the prognosis and the burden of disease. There are two layers of interaction in this model—the way diseases interact with each other and the way diseases are promoted by the social conditions in which people are living. It is important to understand this concept in order to create and implement effective multilevel preventive and intervention strategies that address these global public health issues by moving beyond the traditional silos of focusing on one epidemic. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a public workshop on May 16-17, 2019 to explore the syndemic model and three syndemics/co-occuring epidemics. This includes 1) opioid use disorder (OUD), violence, suicide, and mental health in the United States, 2) adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and childhood trauma; adult violence and victimization; and health outcomes from a global perspective, and 3) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and violence. The workshop participants considered the perspectives of survivors, researchers studying these interactions, public health professionals engaged with affected communities and in the creation and implementation of prevention and intervention measures, and policy makers who are seeking multilevel interventions. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Inc., Countermeasures Assessment and Security Experts, LLC and Transportation Resource Associates %T Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators, Volume 1: Research Overview %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25115/tools-and-strategies-for-eliminating-assaults-against-transit-operators-volume-1-research-overview %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25115/tools-and-strategies-for-eliminating-assaults-against-transit-operators-volume-1-research-overview %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 156 %X TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Research Report 193: Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators, Volume 1: Research Overview provides the materials and methodology used to produce potential countermeasures and strategies to prevent or mitigate assaults against transit operators.Transit industry policies, practices, and operating procedures related to preventing, mitigating, and responding to operator assaults are not uniform. The policies and procedures set by the transit agency and situational and design factors can shape mitigation approaches. The format, scale, and implementation of these measures vary greatly among transit agencies. Many agencies have written policies that address workplace violence prevention, but they vary widely in content, scope, and application. Relevant skills and training required by transit operators to address this issue vary as well.Volume 1 documents the materials used to develop TCRP Research Report 193: Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators, Volume 2: User Guide. The User Guide includes an operator assault risk management toolbox developed to support transit agencies in their efforts to prevent, mitigate, and respond to assaults against operators. The User Guide also provides transit agencies with guidance in the use and deployment of the vulnerability self-assessment tool and the route-based risk calculator and includes supportive checklists, guidelines, and methodologies. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Inc., Countermeasures Assessment and Security Experts, LLC and Transportation Resource Associates %T Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators, Volume 2: User Guide %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25114/tools-and-strategies-for-eliminating-assaults-against-transit-operators-volume-2-user-guide %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25114/tools-and-strategies-for-eliminating-assaults-against-transit-operators-volume-2-user-guide %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 126 %X TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Research Report 193: Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators, Volume 2: User Guide provides potential countermeasures and strategies to prevent or mitigate assaults against transit operators. The User Guide includes an operator assault risk management toolbox developed to support transit agencies in their efforts to prevent, mitigate, and respond to assaults against operators. The User Guide also provides transit agencies with guidance in the use and deployment of the vulnerability self-assessment tool and the route-based risk calculator and includes supportive checklists, guidelines, and methodologies.Transit industry policies, practices, and operating procedures related to preventing, mitigating, and responding to operator assaults are not uniform. The policies and procedures set by the transit agency and situational and design factors can shape mitigation approaches. The format, scale, and implementation of these measures vary greatly among transit agencies. Many agencies have written policies that address workplace violence prevention, but they vary widely in content, scope, and application. Relevant skills and training required by transit operators to address this issue vary as well.TCRP Research Report 193: Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators, Volume 1: Research Overview documents the materials and methodology used to develop Volume 2: User Guide. %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Reiss, Albert J., Jr. %E Roth, Jeffrey A. %T Understanding and Preventing Violence: Volume 1 %@ 978-0-309-05476-8 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1861/understanding-and-preventing-violence-volume-1 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1861/understanding-and-preventing-violence-volume-1 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 480 %X By conservative estimates, more than 16,000 violent crimes are committed or attempted every day in the United States. Violence involves many factors and spurs many viewpoints, and this diversity impedes our efforts to make the nation safer. Now a landmark volume from the National Research Council presents the first comprehensive, readable synthesis of America's experience of violence—offering a fresh, interdisciplinary approach to understanding and preventing interpersonal violence and its consequences. Understanding and Preventing Violence provides the most complete, up-to-date responses available to these fundamental questions: How much violence occurs in America? How do different processes—biological, psychosocial, situational, and social—interact to determine violence levels? What preventive strategies are suggested by our current knowledge of violence? What are the most critical research needs? Understanding and Preventing Violence explores the complexity of violent behavior in our society and puts forth a new framework for analyzing risk factors for violent events. From this framework the authors identify a number of "triggering" events, situational elements, and predisposing factors to violence—as well as many promising approaches to intervention. Leading authorities explore such diverse but related topics as crime statistics; biological influences on violent behavior; the prison population explosion; developmental and public health perspectives on violence; violence in families; and the relationship between violence and race, ethnicity, poverty, guns, alcohol, and drugs. Using four case studies, the volume reports on the role of evaluation in violence prevention policy. It also assesses current federal support for violence research and offers specific science policy recommendations. This breakthrough book will be a key resource for policymakers in criminal and juvenile justice, law enforcement authorities, criminologists, psychologists, sociologists, public health professionals, researchers, faculty, students, and anyone interested in understanding and preventing violence. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Alper, Joe %E French, Melissa %E Wojtowicz, Alexis %T Health Systems Interventions to Prevent Firearm Injuries and Death: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-48839-6 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25354/health-systems-interventions-to-prevent-firearm-injuries-and-death-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25354/health-systems-interventions-to-prevent-firearm-injuries-and-death-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 142 %X Firearm injuries and death are a serious public health concern in the United States. Firearm-related injuries account for tens of thousands of premature deaths of adults and children each year and significantly increase the burden of injury and disability. Firearm injuries are also costly to the health system, accounting for nearly $3 billion in emergency department and inpatient care each year. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine the roles that health systems can play in addressing the epidemic of firearm violence in the United States. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %E Chalk, Rosemary %E King, Patricia A. %T Violence in Families: Assessing Prevention and Treatment Programs %@ 978-0-309-05496-6 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5285/violence-in-families-assessing-prevention-and-treatment-programs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5285/violence-in-families-assessing-prevention-and-treatment-programs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 416 %X Reports of mistreated children, domestic violence, and abuse of elderly persons continue to strain the capacity of police, courts, social services agencies, and medical centers. At the same time, myriad treatment and prevention programs are providing services to victims and offenders. Although limited research knowledge exists regarding the effectiveness of these programs, such information is often scattered, inaccessible, and difficult to obtain. Violence in Families takes the first hard look at the successes and failures of family violence interventions. It offers recommendations to guide services, programs, policy, and research on victim support and assistance, treatments and penalties for offenders, and law enforcement. Included is an analysis of more than 100 evaluation studies on the outcomes of different kinds of programs and services. Violence in Families provides the most comprehensive review on the topic to date. It explores the scope and complexity of family violence, including identification of the multiple types of victims and offenders, who require different approaches to intervention. The book outlines new strategies that offer promising approaches for service providers and researchers and for improving the evaluation of prevention and treatment services. Violence in Families discusses issues that underlie all types of family violence, such as the tension between family support and the protection of children, risk factors that contribute to violent behavior in families, and the balance between family privacy and community interventions. The core of the book is a research-based review of interventions used in three institutional sectors—social services, health, and law enforcement settings—and how to measure their effectiveness in combating maltreatment of children, domestic violence, and abuse of the elderly. Among the questions explored by the committee: Does the child protective services system work? Does the threat of arrest deter batterers? The volume discusses the strength of the evidence and highlights emerging links among interventions in different institutional settings. Thorough, readable, and well organized, Violence in Families synthesizes what is known and outlines what needs to be discovered. This volume will be of great interest to policymakers, social services providers, health care professionals, police and court officials, victim advocates, researchers, and concerned individuals. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Thompson, Darla %T Community Violence as a Population Health Issue: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23668/community-violence-as-a-population-health-issue-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23668/community-violence-as-a-population-health-issue-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 8 %X In June 2016 the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on public health approaches to reducing and preventing community violence. Participants discussed the effects of trauma and violence on communities and explored approaches that communities and multi-sector partners are using to build safe, resilient, and healthy communities. They also explored community- and hospital-based anti-violence programs, community policing, blight reduction, and the community’s participation in initiatives, including the youth and adults at risk or responsible for much of the violence in communities. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Bonnie, Richard J. %E Fulco, Carolyn E. %E Liverman, Catharyn T. %T Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment %@ 978-0-309-06566-5 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6321/reducing-the-burden-of-injury-advancing-prevention-and-treatment %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6321/reducing-the-burden-of-injury-advancing-prevention-and-treatment %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 336 %X Injuries are the leading cause of death and disability among people under age 35 in the United States. Despite great strides in injury prevention over the decades, injuries result in 150,000 deaths, 2.6 million hospitalizations, and 36 million visits to the emergency room each year. Reducing the Burden of Injury describes the cost and magnitude of the injury problem in America and looks critically at the current response by the public and private sectors, including: Data and surveillance needs. Research priorities. Trauma care systems development. Infrastructure support, including training for injury professionals. Firearm safety. Coordination among federal agencies. The authors define the field of injury and establish boundaries for the field regarding intentional injuries. This book highlights the crosscutting nature of the injury field, identifies opportunities to leverage resources and expertise of the numerous parties involved, and discusses issues regarding leadership at the federal level. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Thompson, Darla %E Alper, Joe %T Community Violence as a Population Health Issue: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-45047-8 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23661/community-violence-as-a-population-health-issue-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23661/community-violence-as-a-population-health-issue-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 116 %X On June 16, 2016, the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement held a workshop at the Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd in Brooklyn, New York, to explore the influence of trauma and violence on communities. The workshop highlighted examples of community-based organizations using trauma-informed approaches to treat violence and build safe and healthy communities. Presentations showcased examples that can serve as models in different sectors and communities and shared lessons learned. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the event. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Snair, Justin %E Nicholson, Anna %E Giammaria, Claire %T Countering Violent Extremism Through Public Health Practice: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-45365-3 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24638/countering-violent-extremism-through-public-health-practice-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24638/countering-violent-extremism-through-public-health-practice-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 146 %X Countering violent extremism consists of various prevention and intervention approaches to increase the resilience of communities and individuals to radicalization toward violent extremism, to provide nonviolent avenues for expressing grievances, and to educate communities about the threat of recruitment and radicalization to violence. To explore the application of health approaches in community-level strategies to countering violent extremism and radicalization, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a public workshop in September 2016. Participants explored the evolving threat of violent extremism and radicalization within communities across America, traditional versus health-centered approaches to countering violent extremism and radicalization, and opportunities for cross-sector and interdisciplinary collaboration and learning among domestic and international stakeholders and organizations. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Roundtable on Population Health Improvement: Annual Report 2023 %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27514/roundtable-on-population-health-improvement-annual-report-2023 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27514/roundtable-on-population-health-improvement-annual-report-2023 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 19 %X The Roundtable on Population Health Improvement was established in February 2013 to bring together philanthropy, community-based organizations, health care delivery, governmental public health, academia, and business in a wide-ranging dialogue about what is needed to improve health in the United States and across diverse populations. In 2023, the roundtable hosted workshops, webinars, and other activities that continued its exploration of the social drivers of health of past and persisting racially unjust systems and structures that shape those drivers. %0 Book %E University, Harvard %T Violence in Urban America: Mobilizing a Response %@ 978-0-309-05039-5 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4419/violence-in-urban-america-mobilizing-a-response %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4419/violence-in-urban-america-mobilizing-a-response %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 118 %X In this summary of a unique conference on urban violence, mayors, police chiefs, local, state, and federal agency experts, and researchers provide a wealth of practical ideas to combat violence in urban America. This book will be a valuable guide to concerned community residents as well as local officials in designing new approaches to the violence that afflicts America's cities. single copy, $12.95; 2-9 copies, $9.95 each; 10 or more copies, $6.95 each (no other discounts apply) %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Kuhn, Jens-Uwe %E Arain, Nizam %E Bell, Justin %E Davis, Brianna %E Kaiser, Helen %E Madden, Devin %E Prepetit, Guilene %E Williamsen, Kaaren %T Strategies for Developing, Implementing, and Sustaining Sexual Harassment Bystander Intervention Programs for Faculty, Staff, and Graduate Students %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27266/strategies-for-developing-implementing-and-sustaining-sexual-harassment-bystander-intervention-programs-for-faculty-staff-and-graduate-students %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27266/strategies-for-developing-implementing-and-sustaining-sexual-harassment-bystander-intervention-programs-for-faculty-staff-and-graduate-students %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 39 %X To address the persistent problem of sexual harassment within higher education, research suggests that environments need to convey that sexual harassment is not a norm and actively discourage it when it does occur. One approach that researchers have identified as helping to create such environments is bystander intervention programs, which prepare and equip individuals to interrupt and intervene when harassing behavior occurs. This paper explores bystander intervention training approaches that are designed for the complex work environments within higher education, and considers how to apply the principles of bystander intervention to the experiences and environments of faculty, staff, and graduate students., Institutions within the Action Collaborative were asked a standard set of questions to learn about their experiences with commitment and buy-in from leadership, details on how the trainings were developed and what audience it was targeted to, and how the training programs were evaluated. The paper summarizes responses from seven of these institutions and ends with a call for additional research and action. This individually-authored issue paper was created by members of the Prevention Working Group of the Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education to understand how institutions are addressing the gap in bystander intervention training for faculty, staff, and graduate students. The Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine brings together academic and research institutions and key stakeholders to work toward targeted, collective action on addressing and preventing sexual harassment across all disciplines and among all people in higher education. The Action Collaborative includes four working groups (Prevention, Response, Remediation, and Evaluation) that identify topics in need of research, gather information, and publish resources for the higher education community. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Leshner, Alan I. %E Altevogt, Bruce M. %E Lee, Arlene F. %E McCoy, Margaret A. %E Kelley, Patrick W. %T Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence %@ 978-0-309-28438-7 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18319/priorities-for-research-to-reduce-the-threat-of-firearm-related-violence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18319/priorities-for-research-to-reduce-the-threat-of-firearm-related-violence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 120 %X In 2010, more than 105,000 people were injured or killed in the United States as the result of a firearm-related incident. Recent, highly publicized, tragic mass shootings in Newtown, CT; Aurora, CO; Oak Creek, WI; and Tucson, AZ, have sharpened the American public's interest in protecting our children and communities from the harmful effects of firearm violence. While many Americans legally use firearms for a variety of activities, fatal and nonfatal firearm violence poses a serious threat to public safety and welfare. In January 2013, President Barack Obama issued 23 executive orders directing federal agencies to improve knowledge of the causes of firearm violence, what might help prevent it, and how to minimize its burden on public health. One of these orders directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to, along with other federal agencies, immediately begin identifying the most pressing problems in firearm violence research. The CDC and the CDC Foundation asked the IOM, in collaboration with the National Research Council, to convene a committee tasked with developing a potential research agenda that focuses on the causes of, possible interventions to, and strategies to minimize the burden of firearm-related violence. Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence focuses on the characteristics of firearm violence, risk and protective factors, interventions and strategies, the impact of gun safety technology, and the influence of video games and other media. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Simon, Patti %E Olson, Steve %T Building Capacity to Reduce Bullying: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-30398-9 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18762/building-capacity-to-reduce-bullying-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18762/building-capacity-to-reduce-bullying-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 150 %X Bullying - long tolerated as just a part of growing up - finally has been recognized as a substantial and preventable health problem. Bullying is associated with anxiety, depression, poor school performance, and future delinquent behavior among its targets, and reports regularly surface of youth who have committed suicide at least in part because of intolerable bullying. Bullying also can have harmful effects on children who bully, on bystanders, on school climates, and on society at large. Bullying can occur at all ages, from before elementary school to after high school. It can take the form of physical violence, verbal attacks, social isolation, spreading rumors, or cyberbullying. Increased concern about bullying has led 49 states and the District of Columbia to enact anti-bullying legislation since 1999. In addition, research on the causes, consequences, and prevention of bullying has expanded greatly in recent decades. However, major gaps still exist in the understanding of bullying and of interventions that can prevent or mitigate the effects of bullying. Building Capacity to Reduce Bullying is the summary of a workshop convened by the Board on Children, Youth, and Families of the Institute of Medicine and National Research Council in April 2014 to identify the conceptual models and interventions that have proven effective in decreasing bullying, examine models that could increase protective factors and mitigate the negative effects of bullying, and explore the appropriate roles of different groups in preventing bullying. This report reviews research on bullying prevention and intervention efforts as well as efforts in related areas of research and practice, implemented in a range of contexts and settings, including schools, peers, families, communities, laws and public policies, and technology. Building Capacity to Reduce Bullying considers how involvement or lack of involvement by these sectors influences opportunities for bullying, and appropriate roles for these sectors in preventing bullying. This report highlights current research on bullying prevention, considers what works and what does not work, and derives lessons learned. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Cohn, Felicia %E Salmon, Marla E. %E Stobo, John D. %T Confronting Chronic Neglect: The Education and Training of Health Professionals on Family Violence %@ 978-0-309-07431-5 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10127/confronting-chronic-neglect-the-education-and-training-of-health-professionals %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10127/confronting-chronic-neglect-the-education-and-training-of-health-professionals %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 368 %X As many as 20 to 25 percent of American adults—or one in every four people—have been victimized by, witnesses of, or perpetrators of family violence in their lifetimes. Family violence affects more people than cancer, yet it's an issue that receives far less attention. Surprisingly, many assume that health professionals are deliberately turning a blind eye to this traumatic social problem. The fact is, very little is being done to educate health professionals about family violence. Health professionals are often the first to encounter victims of abuse and neglect, and therefore they play a critical role in ensuring that victims—as well as perpetrators—get the help they need. Yet, despite their critical role, studies continue to describe a lack of education for health professionals about how to identify and treat family violence. And those that have been trained often say that, despite their education, they feel ill-equipped or lack support from by their employers to deal with a family violence victim, sometimes resulting in a failure to screen for abuse during a clinical encounter. Equally problematic, the few curricula in existence often lack systematic and rigorous evaluation. This makes it difficult to say whether or not the existing curricula even works. Confronting Chronic Neglect offers recommendations, such as creating education and research centers, that would help raise awareness of the problem on all levels. In addition, it recommends ways to involve health care professionals in taking some responsibility for responding to this difficult and devastating issue. Perhaps even more importantly, Confronting Chronic Neglect encourages society as a whole to share responsibility. Health professionals alone cannot solve this complex problem. Responding to victims of family violence and ultimately preventing its occurrence is a societal responsibility %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Crowell, Nancy A. %E Burgess, Ann W. %T Understanding Violence Against Women %@ 978-0-309-05425-6 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5127/understanding-violence-against-women %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5127/understanding-violence-against-women %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 240 %X Violence against women is one factor in the growing wave of alarm about violence in American society. High-profile cases such as the O.J. Simpson trial call attention to the thousands of lesser-known but no less tragic situations in which women's lives are shattered by beatings or sexual assault. The search for solutions has highlighted not only what we know about violence against women but also what we do not know. How can we achieve the best understanding of this problem and its complex ramifications? What research efforts will yield the greatest benefit? What are the questions that must be answered? Understanding Violence Against Women presents a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and identifies four areas with the greatest potential return from a research investment by increasing the understanding of and responding to domestic violence and rape: What interventions are designed to do, whom they are reaching, and how to reach the many victims who do not seek help. Factors that put people at risk of violence and that precipitate violence, including characteristics of offenders. The scope of domestic violence and sexual assault in America and its conequences to individuals, families, and society, including costs. How to structure the study of violence against women to yield more useful knowledge. Despite the news coverage and talk shows, the real fundamental nature of violence against women remains unexplored and often misunderstood. Understanding Violence Against Women provides direction for increasing knowledge that can help ameliorate this national problem. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Rivara, Frederick %E Le Menestrel, Suzanne %T Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice %@ 978-0-309-44067-7 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23482/preventing-bullying-through-science-policy-and-practice %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23482/preventing-bullying-through-science-policy-and-practice %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 361 %X Bullying has long been tolerated as a rite of passage among children and adolescents. There is an implication that individuals who are bullied must have "asked for" this type of treatment, or deserved it. Sometimes, even the child who is bullied begins to internalize this idea. For many years, there has been a general acceptance and collective shrug when it comes to a child or adolescent with greater social capital or power pushing around a child perceived as subordinate. But bullying is not developmentally appropriate; it should not be considered a normal part of the typical social grouping that occurs throughout a child's life. Although bullying behavior endures through generations, the milieu is changing. Historically, bulling has occurred at school, the physical setting in which most of childhood is centered and the primary source for peer group formation. In recent years, however, the physical setting is not the only place bullying is occurring. Technology allows for an entirely new type of digital electronic aggression, cyberbullying, which takes place through chat rooms, instant messaging, social media, and other forms of digital electronic communication. Composition of peer groups, shifting demographics, changing societal norms, and modern technology are contextual factors that must be considered to understand and effectively react to bullying in the United States. Youth are embedded in multiple contexts and each of these contexts interacts with individual characteristics of youth in ways that either exacerbate or attenuate the association between these individual characteristics and bullying perpetration or victimization. Recognizing that bullying behavior is a major public health problem that demands the concerted and coordinated time and attention of parents, educators and school administrators, health care providers, policy makers, families, and others concerned with the care of children, this report evaluates the state of the science on biological and psychosocial consequences of peer victimization and the risk and protective factors that either increase or decrease peer victimization behavior and consequences. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Widmer, Jocelyn %T Investing in Young Children for Peaceful Societies: Individual and Structural Transformation: Workshop in Brief %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23565/investing-in-young-children-for-peaceful-societies-individual-and-structural %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23565/investing-in-young-children-for-peaceful-societies-individual-and-structural %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 8 %X With the worst human refugee crisis since World War II as the backdrop, from March 16 to March 18, 2016, the Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally, in partnership with UNICEF and the King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz International Center for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue (KAICIID), held a workshop in Amman, Jordan, to explore topics related to investing in young children for peaceful societies toward individual and structural transformation. Over the course of the 3-day workshop under the patronage of Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah of Jordan, researchers, policy makers, program practitioners, funders, youth, and other experts came together to understand the effects of conflict and violence on children, women, and youth across areas of health, education, nutrition, social protection, and other service domains. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Anderson, Karen M. %E Olson, Steve %T The Private Sector as a Catalyst for Health Equity and a Vibrant Economy: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-44352-4 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23529/the-private-sector-as-a-catalyst-for-health-equity-and-a-vibrant-economy %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23529/the-private-sector-as-a-catalyst-for-health-equity-and-a-vibrant-economy %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 82 %X A critical component of the nation’s economic vitality is ensuring that all Americans can contribute and prosper. Such contributions presuppose an intentional focus on achieving the highest levels of health possible, which requires that conditions in communities, schools workplaces, and other settings promote health and address the social determinants of health for all community members. Many organizations, in both the private and public sectors, have been establishing partnerships to further healthy workplaces and health equity in general. Many are taking the lead in producing economic growth that is inclusive and responsive to the nation’s diverse needs and populations. Increasingly, private–public partnerships are emerging as ways of doing business. Additionally, a variety of new developments in health, health care, and community benefits obligations that are part of the Affordable Care Act have contributed to this interest in economic growth and health and in the creation of new partnerships. To examine past successes and future opportunities, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in November 2015. The workshop focused on the potential of the private sector to produce a triple bottom line: economic opportunity (including workforce development) and growth, healthy work and community environments, and improved employee health. At the same time, participants looked beyond the private sector to public–private partnerships and to public-sector actions that combine opportunities for economic growth and good health for all. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Tracey, Sarah M. %E Kellogg, Erin %E Sanchez, Clarissa E. %E Keenan, Wendy %T Achieving Behavioral Health Equity for Children, Families, and Communities: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-48805-1 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25347/achieving-behavioral-health-equity-for-children-families-and-communities-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25347/achieving-behavioral-health-equity-for-children-families-and-communities-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 126 %X In November 2017, the The Forum on Promoting Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health, in collaboration with the Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity, convened a workshop on promoting children's behavioral health equity. The workshop used a socio-ecological developmental model to explore health equity of children and families, including those with complex needs and chronic conditions. Particular attention was paid to challenges experienced by children and families in both rural and urban contexts, to include but not limited to poverty, individual and institutional racism, low-resourced communities, and hindered access to educational and health care services. Workshop participants also engaged in solution-oriented discussions of initiatives, policies, and programs that aim to improve social determinants of health, opportunities for behavioral health promotion, and access to quality services that address the behavioral health of all children and families. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the event. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Olson, Steve %T Building Capacity to Reduce Bullying: Workshop in Brief %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21682/building-capacity-to-reduce-bullying-workshop-in-brief %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21682/building-capacity-to-reduce-bullying-workshop-in-brief %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 8 %X On April 9-10, 2014, the Board on Children, Youth, and Families of the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council held a 2-day workshop titled "Building Capacity to Reduce Bullying and Its Impact on Youth Across the Lifecourse." The purpose of this workshop was to bring together representatives of key sectors involved in bullying prevention to identify the conceptual models and interventions that have proved effective in decreasing bullying, to examine models that could increase protective factors and mitigate the negative effects of bullying, and to explore the appropriate roles of different groups in preventing bullying. This report summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A Institute of Medicine %T Informing the Future: Critical Issues in Health, Fifth Edition %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12709/informing-the-future-critical-issues-in-health-fifth-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12709/informing-the-future-critical-issues-in-health-fifth-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 170 %X Today, perhaps more than ever, health care is a key item on the nation's agenda. Government policy makers, health professionals, scientists, industrial and civic leaders, patient advocates, and private citizens across the social spectrum are focusing on how best to obtain a high-quality health system that is efficient and affordable in its operation and that functions well for everyone. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) regularly considers this challenge from a variety of perspectives. Recent efforts have focused on improving the organization and operation of the nation's largest health agency; working to assess what diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive services work best; gauging the overall health of the nation's population; and identifying ways to build an even stronger foundation of evidence-based medicine that effectively captures the promise of scientific discovery and technological innovation and enables doctors, nurses, and other health professionals to provide the right care for the right patient at the right time. The body of this book illustrates the work of IOM committees in selected, major areas in recent years, followed by a description of IOM's convening and collaborative activities and fellowship programs. The last section provides a comprehensive bibliography of IOM reports published since 2007. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Baker, Arielle L. %E Thomas, Jeena M. %E Saunders, Jennifer E. %T Evaluating the Effectiveness of Interventions to Prevent and Address Sexual Harassment: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-08769-8 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26279/evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-interventions-to-prevent-and-address-sexual-harassment %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26279/evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-interventions-to-prevent-and-address-sexual-harassment %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 134 %X Rising awareness of and increased attention to sexual harassment has resulted in momentum to implement sexual harassment prevention efforts in higher education institutions. Work on preventing sexual harassment is an area that has recently garnered a lot of attention, especially around education and programs that go beyond the standard anti-sexual harassment trainings often used to comply with legal requirements. On April 20-21, 2021, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted the workshop Developing Evaluation Metrics for Sexual Harassment Prevention Efforts. The workshop explored approaches and strategies for evaluating and measuring the effectiveness of sexual harassment interventions being implemented at higher education institutions and research and training sites, in order to assist institutions in transforming promising ideas into evidence-based best practices. Workshop participants also addressed methods, metrics, and measures that could be used to evaluate sexual harassment prevention efforts that lead to change in the organizational climate and culture and/or a change in behavior among community members. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Forstag, Erin Hammers %T Community Safety and Policing: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26099/community-safety-and-policing-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in-brief %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26099/community-safety-and-policing-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in-brief %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 12 %X The Committee on Reducing Racial Inequalities in the Criminal Justice System of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop in January 2021 as part of its exploration of ways to reduce racial inequalities in criminal justice outcomes in the United States. In this workshop, speakers described the historical underpinnings that have linked policing with systemic racism and explored how policing in specific communities has shaped disparities in rates of crime and victimization across racial and ethnic groups. Speakers from both the criminal justice system and several communities spoke about how they are working to address racial inequalities today and about the problems of over-policing and under-protection in certain communities. This workshop, the first in a series of three, enabled the committee to gather information from a diverse set of stakeholders and experts to inform the consensus study process. This publication highlights the presentations of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Addressing Disaster Vulnerability among Homeless Populations during COVID-19 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26220/addressing-disaster-vulnerability-among-homeless-populations-during-covid-19 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26220/addressing-disaster-vulnerability-among-homeless-populations-during-covid-19 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 28 %X During the COVID-19 pandemic, disruptions to key services for populations experiencing homelessness may lead to secondary effects in the context of a disaster, including effects on health and safety, which require additional population-specific support. Reducing disaster vulnerability for people experiencing homelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic requires adapting existing preparedness guidance to an evolving situation. Addressing Disaster Vulnerability among Homeless Populations during COVID-19 reviews research on disaster vulnerability, homelessness, the pandemic, and intersecting hazards and disasters. This rapid expert consultation includes considerations for alternative shelter facilities for homeless populations during a disaster; suggestions on how to navigate service reductions and support population-specific needs; and guidance for supporting populations experiencing homelessness in the aftermath of disasters. This rapid expert consultation was produced through the Societal Experts Action Network (SEAN), an activity of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine that is sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. SEAN links researchers in the social, behavioral, and economic sciences with decision makers to respond to policy questions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. This project is affiliated with the National Academies' Standing Committee on Emerging Infectious Diseases and 21st Century Health Threats, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Wellford, Charles F. %E Pepper, John V. %E Petrie, Carol V. %T Firearms and Violence: A Critical Review %@ 978-0-309-09124-4 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10881/firearms-and-violence-a-critical-review %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10881/firearms-and-violence-a-critical-review %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 340 %X For years proposals for gun control and the ownership of firearms have been among the most contentious issues in American politics. For public authorities to make reasonable decisions on these matters, they must take into account facts about the relationship between guns and violence as well as conflicting constitutional claims and divided public opinion. In performing these tasks, legislators need adequate data and research to judge both the effects of firearms on violence and the effects of different violence control policies. Readers of the research literature on firearms may sometimes find themselves unable to distinguish scholarship from advocacy. Given the importance of this issue, there is a pressing need for a clear and unbiased assessment of the existing portfolio of data and research. Firearms and Violence uses conventional standards of science to examine three major themes - firearms and violence, the quality of research, and the quality of data available. The book assesses the strengths and limitations of current databases, examining current research studies on firearm use and the efforts to reduce unjustified firearm use and suggests ways in which they can be improved. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Lipsey, Mark W. %T Improving Evaluation of Anticrime Programs %@ 978-0-309-09706-2 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11337/improving-evaluation-of-anticrime-programs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11337/improving-evaluation-of-anticrime-programs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 90 %X Although billions of dollars have been spent on crime prevention and control programs during the past decade, scientifically strong impact evaluations of these programs are uncommon in the context of the overall number of programs that have received funding. Improving Evaluation of Anticrime Programs is designed as a working guide for agencies and organizations responsible for program evaluation, for researchers who must design scientifically credible evaluations of government and privately sponsored programs, and for policy officials who are investing more and more in the concept of evidence-based policy to guide their decisions in crucial areas of crime prevention and control. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Mrazek, Patricia J. %E Haggerty, Robert J. %T Reducing Risks for Mental Disorders: Frontiers for Preventive Intervention Research %@ 978-0-309-07485-8 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2139/reducing-risks-for-mental-disorders-frontiers-for-preventive-intervention-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2139/reducing-risks-for-mental-disorders-frontiers-for-preventive-intervention-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 636 %X The understanding of how to reduce risk factors for mental disorders has expanded remarkably as a result of recent scientific advances. This study, mandated by Congress, reviews those advances in the context of current research and provides a targeted definition of prevention and a conceptual framework that emphasizes risk reduction. Highlighting opportunities for and barriers to interventions, the book draws on successful models for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, injuries, and smoking. In addition, it reviews the risk factors associated with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, alcohol abuse and dependence, depressive disorders, and conduct disorders and evaluates current illustrative prevention programs. The models and examination provide a framework for the design, application, and evaluation of interventions intended to prevent mental disorders and the transfer of knowledge about prevention from research to clinical practice. The book presents a focused research agenda, with recommendations on how to develop effective intervention programs, create a cadre of prevention researchers, and improve coordination among federal agencies. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T The Role of Co-Occurring Substance Abuse and Mental Illness in Violence: Workshop Summary %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9748/the-role-of-co-occurring-substance-abuse-and-mental-illness-in-violence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9748/the-role-of-co-occurring-substance-abuse-and-mental-illness-in-violence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 13 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Lam, Mariam %E Falcon, Ashley %E Merhill, Nicole %E Spear, Kaitlin %T Approaches to the Evaluation of Sexual Harassment Prevention and Response Efforts %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27267/approaches-to-the-evaluation-of-sexual-harassment-prevention-and-response-efforts %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27267/approaches-to-the-evaluation-of-sexual-harassment-prevention-and-response-efforts %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 45 %X Evaluation, an important component of all research, is critical to integrate into interventions addressing sexual harassment, because the targets of such harassment can suffer serious consequences, including physical and emotional harm, lost educational opportunities, and negative effects on their career. Not only are the consequences potentially severe, but the problem is pervasive across all levels of academia. Studies show that 20–50 percent of undergraduate and graduate students experience sexual harassment from faculty or staff, as well as nearly 50 percent of women faculty and staff in academia. Moreover, despite efforts in recent decades to prevent and respond effectively to sexual harassment, it remains a significant issue with no clear decline in incidence rates. This paper offers insight into selecting the appropriate methods for evaluating interventions based on evidence, case studies, and the perspectives and experiences of the authors. The goal of the paper is to provide interested parties in higher education with an introduction to methods and approaches to evaluating interventions designed to prevent and respond to sexual harassment in their institutions. This individually-authored issue paper was created by members of the Evaluation Working Group of the Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education to explore the challenges and research areas related to the evaluation of a wide range of efforts to address sexual harassment, which they present in this document. The Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine brings together academic and research institutions and key stakeholders to work toward targeted, collective action on addressing and preventing sexual harassment across all disciplines and among all people in higher education. The Action Collaborative includes four working groups (Prevention, Response, Remediation, and Evaluation) that identify topics in need of research, gather information, and publish resources for the higher education community. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Kruttschnitt, Candace %E McLaughlin, Brenda L. %E Petrie, Carol V. %T Advancing the Federal Research Agenda on Violence Against Women %@ 978-0-309-09109-1 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10849/advancing-the-federal-research-agenda-on-violence-against-women %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10849/advancing-the-federal-research-agenda-on-violence-against-women %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 144 %X This report expands on the work of an earlier National Research Council panel whose report, Understanding Violence Against Women, was published in 1996. The report is based on the presentations and deliberations of a workshop convened in January 2002, at the request of Congress, to develop a detailed research agenda on violence against women. While some of the research recommendations in the earlier report have been funded and carried out, the workshop demonstrated that important gaps remain. For example, prevalence and incidence data are still inadequate to measure trends or to reveal whether interventions being designed under federal programs are, in fact, working. Among its primary recommendations, the committee underscored the importance of strengthening the data and research infrastructure in this area, especially the need for better prevalence data and longitudinal data to determine the causes of violent victimization of women and the impact of interventions. %0 Book %T Violence and the American Family: Report of a Workshop %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9097/violence-and-the-american-family-report-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9097/violence-and-the-american-family-report-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 14 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Olson, Steve %T Implementing Evidence-Based Prevention by Communities to Promote Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health in Children: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24762/implementing-evidence-based-prevention-by-communities-to-promote-cognitive-affective-and-behavioral-health-in-children %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24762/implementing-evidence-based-prevention-by-communities-to-promote-cognitive-affective-and-behavioral-health-in-children %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 8 %X Communities represent the front line in addressing many behavioral health conditions that children, adolescents, young adults, and their families have to face. These conditions are not rare: during their lifetimes, almost half of all Americans will meet one or more clinical criteria for behavioral health or substance abuse disorders. These disorders impose a tremendous personal burden on the affected individuals and their families, as well as substantial costs on the broader society. The first onset of such conditions is usually in childhood or adolescence, and communities can be a key opportunity for prevention, early intervention, and treatment. Given the importance of communities in shaping the health and well-being of young people, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in June 2016, to examine the implementation of evidence-based prevention by communities. The workshop brought together researchers, program developers and implementers, state and local of officials, community leaders, health care providers, patient advocates, and other stakeholders to examine how knowledge from researchers and practitioners can best be implemented in community settings. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Alper, Joe %E McHugh, M. Kelly %T The Roles of Trust and Health Literacy in Achieving Health Equity: Community Settings: Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26889/the-roles-of-trust-and-health-literacy-in-achieving-health-equity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26889/the-roles-of-trust-and-health-literacy-in-achieving-health-equity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 10 %X The National Academies Roundtable on Health Literacy convened the third of three workshops to address the themes of trust and positive health equity outcomes that arise from strategic community-based organization practices. Given the historical and current reasons individuals and communities with marginalized identities have to mistrust public health communications and institutions, health literacy is essential. To bolster mutual trust, hospitals, payers, providers, and public health professionals should have the cultural competence and humility to match the health literacy needed from their patients.This Proceedings document summarizes workshop discussions. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Allen, Abigail %E Backes, Emily %T Crime Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26920/crime-rates-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26920/crime-rates-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 8 %X The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Committee on Law and Justice convened a workshop through its Planning Committee on Crime Rates during the SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 pandemic on November 10, 2022, to explore crime rate changes during the pandemic, potential explanations for those rates, and opportunities for future methods, data, and research. Specifically, it sought to (1) explore existing data on the trends in multiple criminal offenses during the pandemic; (2) explore existing explanations for the crime rate changes in multiple offense types during the pandemic for their scope, logical consistency, empirical support, and limitations, with special attention to explanations related to the pandemic and associated population restrictions (e.g., stay at home orders, social gathering restrictions, etc.), as well as the diffusion and availability of firearms; and (3) discuss methodological issues, data infrastructure needs, and research gaps to inform understanding of crime problems and rates. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Widmer, Jocelyn %T Investing in Young Children for Peaceful Societies: Proceedings of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; UNICEF; and the King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz International Centre for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue (KAICIID) %@ 978-0-309-44930-4 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23637/investing-in-young-children-for-peaceful-societies-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23637/investing-in-young-children-for-peaceful-societies-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 100 %X With the worst human refugee crisis since World War II as the backdrop, from March 16 through March 18, 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, in partnership with UNICEF and the King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz International Center for Inter-religious and Intercultural Dialogue (KAICIID), held a workshop in Amman, Jordan, to explore topics related to investing in young children for peaceful societies. Over the course of the workshop, researchers, policy makers, program practitioners, funders, youth, and other experts came together to understand the effects of conflict and violence on children, women, and youth across areas of health, education, nutrition, social protection, and other domains. The goal of the workshop was to continue to fill in gaps in knowledge and explore opportunities for discourse through a process of highlighting the science and practice. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Curry, Susan J. %E Bell, Crystal J. %T Essential Health Care Services Addressing Intimate Partner Violence %@ 978-0-309-71386-3 %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27425/essential-health-care-services-addressing-intimate-partner-violence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27425/essential-health-care-services-addressing-intimate-partner-violence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 316 %X A National Academies committee was tasked with identifying essential health care services for women related to intimate partner violence (IPV) during steady state conditions, determining whether the essential health care services related to IPV differ during public health emergencies (PHEs), and identifying strategies to sustain access to those essential health care services during PHEs. This report, Essential Health Care Services Addressing Intimate Partner Violence, presents findings from research and deliberations and lays out recommendations for leaders of health care systems, federal agencies, health care providers, emergency planners, and those involved in IPV research. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Practices to Protect Bus Operators from Passenger Assault %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14609/practices-to-protect-bus-operators-from-passenger-assault %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14609/practices-to-protect-bus-operators-from-passenger-assault %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 126 %X TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 93: Practices to Protect Bus Operators from Passenger Assault highlights practices and policies implemented by transit agencies to deter and mitigate assaults on bus operators. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Chalk, Rosemary %E Phillips, Deborah A. %T Youth Development and Neighborhood Influences: Challenges and Opportunities %@ 978-0-309-05649-6 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5511/youth-development-and-neighborhood-influences-challenges-and-opportunities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5511/youth-development-and-neighborhood-influences-challenges-and-opportunities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 40 %X On January 25, 1996, the Committee on Youth Development of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families convened a workshop to examine the implications of research on social settings for the design and evaluation of programs that serve youth. The January workshop provided an opportunity for the committee to examine the strengths and limitations of existing research on interactions between social settings and adolescent development. This research has drawn attention to the importance of understanding how, when, and where adolescents interact with their families, peers, and unrelated adults in settings such as home, school, places of work, and recreational sites. This workshop builds on previous work of the National Research Council and reiterates its support for integrating studies of social settings into more traditional research on individual characteristics, family functioning, and peer relationships in seeking to describe and explain adolescent behavior and youth outcomes. Not only does this report examine the strengths and limitations of research on social settings and adolescence and identify important research questions that deserve further study in developing this field, but it also explores alternative methods by which the findings of research on social settings could be better integrated into the development of youth programs and services. Specific themes include the impact of social settings on differences in developmental pathways, role expectations, and youth identity and decision-making skills, as well as factors that contribute to variations in community context. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %T Traumatic Injury Research at NIOSH: Reviews of Research Programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health %@ 978-0-309-12507-9 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12459/traumatic-injury-research-at-niosh-reviews-of-research-programs-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12459/traumatic-injury-research-at-niosh-reviews-of-research-programs-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Industry and Labor %P 224 %X The occurrences of both injury and death that take place on the job are a significant public health problem in the United States, causing a substantial human and economic burden. Traumatic Injury Research at NIOSH is the sixth report in the series Reviews of Research Programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The Committee to Evaluate the NIOSH Traumatic Injury Research Program found the program's research during 1996-2005 (the evaluation period for this review) relevant to reducing the burden of traumatic injury in the workplace and to have contributed to improvements in worker health and safety. To continue to reduce injuries and deaths to workers due to trauma, the committee recommended that the TI Research Program continue setting goals within the program's scope and resources; work with other federal agencies that support injury prevention and control research to outline areas of collaboration; embark on a program to increase the visibility of traumatic injury research; develop a strategic plan for evaluating its research-to-practice efforts and for building the capacity to carry out these efforts; and consider research on the safety impacts of changes in the nature of work as well as intervention research targeting organization policies and practices. %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %E McCord, Joan %E Widom, Cathy Spatz %E Bamba, Melissa I. %E Crowell, Nancy A. %T Education and Delinquency: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-07193-2 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9972/education-and-delinquency-summary-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9972/education-and-delinquency-summary-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 58 %X The Panel on Juvenile Crime: Prevention, Treatment, and Control convened a workshop on October 2, 1998, to explore issues related to educational performance, school climate, school practices, learning, student motivation and commitment to school, and their relationship to delinquency. The workshop was designed to bring together researchers and practitioners with a broad range of perspectives on the relationship between such specific issues as school safety and academic achievement and the development of delinquent behavior. Education and Delinquency reviews recent research findings, identifies gaps in knowledge and promising areas of future research, and discusses the need for program evaluation and the integration of empirical research findings into program design. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Core Competencies for Highway Safety Professionals %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23252/core-competencies-for-highway-safety-professionals %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23252/core-competencies-for-highway-safety-professionals %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 22 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 302 examines to what extent core competencies for highway safety professionals are incorporated into existing safety curricula and suggests strategies to expand their application to a broader audience. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect %@ 978-0-309-04889-7 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2117/understanding-child-abuse-and-neglect %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2117/understanding-child-abuse-and-neglect %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 408 %X The tragedy of child abuse and neglect is in the forefront of public attention. Yet, without a conceptual framework, research in this area has been highly fragmented. Understanding the broad dimensions of this crisis has suffered as a result. This new volume provides a comprehensive, integrated, child-oriented research agenda for the nation. The committee presents an overview of three major areas: Definitions and scope—exploring standardized classifications, analysis of incidence and prevalence trends, and more. Etiology, consequences, treatment, and prevention—analyzing relationships between cause and effect, reviewing prevention research with a unique systems approach, looking at short- and long-term consequences of abuse, and evaluating interventions. Infrastructure and ethics—including a review of current research efforts, ways to strengthen human resources and research tools, and guidance on sensitive ethical and legal issues. This volume will be useful to organizations involved in research, social service agencies, child advocacy groups, and researchers. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Reiss, Albert J., Jr. %E Roth, Jeffrey A. %T Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 4: Consequences and Control %@ 978-0-309-05079-1 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4422/understanding-and-preventing-violence-volume-4-consequences-and-control %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4422/understanding-and-preventing-violence-volume-4-consequences-and-control %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 408 %X This book analyzes the consequences of violence and strategies for controlling them. Included are reviews of public perceptions and reactions to violence; estimates of the costs; the commonalities and complementarities of criminal justice and public health responses; efforts to reduce violence through the prediction and classification of violent offenders; and the relationships between trends in violence and prison population during a period of greatly increased use of incarceration. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Morgan, Randall C., Jr. %E Reede, Joan Y. %E Whitacre, Paula %E Laurencin, Cato T. %T Mentoring of Black Graduate and Medical Students, Postdoctoral Scholars, and Early-Career Faculty in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-27713-6 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26462/mentoring-of-black-graduate-and-medical-students-postdoctoral-scholars-and-early-career-faculty-in-science-engineering-and-medicine %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26462/mentoring-of-black-graduate-and-medical-students-postdoctoral-scholars-and-early-career-faculty-in-science-engineering-and-medicine %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 114 %X On December 7 and 8, 2020, the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop that examined how to strengthen mentoring and advising of Black students and professionals in science, engineering, and medicine. Presenters included faculty deans, social scientists who are experts in organizational and professional development, and program implementers. Throughout the workshop, individual presenters highlighted evaluation criteria used by successful pipeline programs, including statistics on recruitment, retention, and advancement; career and leadership accomplishments; and awards and publications. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Anderson, Karen M. %T State and Local Policy Initiatives to Reduce Health Disparities: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-18745-9 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13103/state-and-local-policy-initiatives-to-reduce-health-disparities-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13103/state-and-local-policy-initiatives-to-reduce-health-disparities-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 138 %X Although efforts to reduce health disparities receive attention at the national level, information on the successes of state and local efforts are often not heard. On May 11, 2009, the Institute of Medicine held a public workshop to discuss the role of state and local policy initiatives to reduce health disparities. The workshop brought together stakeholders to learn more about what works in reducing health disparities and ways to focus on localized efforts when working to reduce health disparities. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Haag, Tamara %E Matney, Chanel %E Bowman, Katherine %T Improving Systems of Follow-Up Care for Traumatic Brain Injury: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-70826-5 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27205/improving-systems-of-follow-up-care-for-traumatic-brain-injury %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27205/improving-systems-of-follow-up-care-for-traumatic-brain-injury %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 114 %X The National Academies Forum on Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) hosted a hybrid public workshop in May 2023 to explore what is needed to better serve adult TBI patients who require follow-up care in support of their recovery at home. Speakers discussed when and how to follow up with less-severe TBI patients who have been discharged to their homes after a brief period of acute care, and the varied needs, issues, and considerations that relate to outpatient care and at-home symptom management during the approximately 6-month period following injury.This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Nicholson, Anna %E Attal-Juncqua, Aurelia %E Wollek, Scott %T Exploring Disaster Human Services for Children and Youth: From Hurricane Katrina to the Paradise Wildfires: Proceedings of a Workshop Series %@ 978-0-309-48333-9 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26158/exploring-disaster-human-services-for-children-and-youth-from-hurricane %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26158/exploring-disaster-human-services-for-children-and-youth-from-hurricane %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 136 %X To explore issues related to the effects of disasters on children and youth and lessons learned from experiences during previous disasters, the virtual workshop From Hurricane Katrina to Paradise Wildfires, Exploring Themes in Disaster Human Services was convened on July 22 and 23, 2020, by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The workshop was designed to focus on families engaged with federal, state or local supportive programs prior to disasters. Additional areas of focus were the coordination of disaster response efforts and the transition to reestablishing routine service delivery programs post-disaster by human services, social services, and public health agencies at the state, local, tribal, and territorial levels. The workshop was also intended to provide a platform for highlighting promising practices, ongoing challenges, and potential opportunities for coordinated delivery and restoration of social and human services programs. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Olson, Steve %T Implementing Evidence-Based Prevention by Communities to Promote Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health in Children: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-45647-0 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24709/implementing-evidence-based-prevention-by-communities-to-promote-cognitive-affective-and-behavioral-health-in-children %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24709/implementing-evidence-based-prevention-by-communities-to-promote-cognitive-affective-and-behavioral-health-in-children %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 106 %X Communities provide the context in which programs, principles, and policies are implemented. Their needs dictate the kinds of programs that community organizers and advocates, program developers and implementers, and researchers will bring to bear on a problem. Their characteristics help determine whether a program will succeed or fail. The detailed workings of programs cannot be separated from the communities in which they are embedded. Communities also represent the front line in addressing many behavioral health conditions experienced by children, adolescents, young adults, and their families. Given the importance of communities in shaping the health and well being of young people, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in June 2016, to examine the implementation of evidence- based prevention by communities. Participants examined questions related to scaling up, managing, and sustaining science in communities. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Petersen, Anne C. %E Joseph, Joshua %E Feit, Monica %T New Directions in Child Abuse and Neglect Research %@ 978-0-309-28512-4 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18331/new-directions-in-child-abuse-and-neglect-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18331/new-directions-in-child-abuse-and-neglect-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 442 %X Each year, child protective services receive reports of child abuse and neglect involving six million children, and many more go unreported. The long-term human and fiscal consequences of child abuse and neglect are not relegated to the victims themselves—they also impact their families, future relationships, and society. In 1993, the National Research Council (NRC) issued the report, Under-standing Child Abuse and Neglect, which provided an overview of the research on child abuse and neglect. New Directions in Child Abuse and Neglect Research updates the 1993 report and provides new recommendations to respond to this public health challenge. According to this report, while there has been great progress in child abuse and neglect research, a coordinated, national research infrastructure with high-level federal support needs to be established and implemented immediately. New Directions in Child Abuse and Neglect Research recommends an actionable framework to guide and support future child abuse and neglect research. This report calls for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to child abuse and neglect research that examines factors related to both children and adults across physical, mental, and behavioral health domains—including those in child welfare, economic support, criminal justice, education, and health care systems—and assesses the needs of a variety of subpopulations. It should also clarify the causal pathways related to child abuse and neglect and, more importantly, assess efforts to interrupt these pathways. New Directions in Child Abuse and Neglect Research identifies four areas to look to in developing a coordinated research enterprise: a national strategic plan, a national surveillance system, a new generation of researchers, and changes in the federal and state programmatic and policy response. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Thompson, Darla %E Alper, Joe %T Exploring Equity in Multisector Community Health Partnerships: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-45973-0 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24786/exploring-equity-in-multisector-community-health-partnerships-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24786/exploring-equity-in-multisector-community-health-partnerships-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 112 %X Building on previous National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine workshops that explored how safe and healthy communities are a necessary component of health equity and efforts to improve population health, the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement wanted to explore how a variety of community-based organizations came together to achieve population health. To do so, the roundtable hosted a workshop in Oakland, California, on December 8, 2016, to explore multisector health partnerships that engage residents, reduce health disparities, and improve health and well-being. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Bonnie, Richard J. %E Johnson, Robert L. %E Chemers, Betty M. %E Schuck, Julie A. %T Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach %@ 978-0-309-27890-4 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14685/reforming-juvenile-justice-a-developmental-approach %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14685/reforming-juvenile-justice-a-developmental-approach %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 462 %X Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Alper, Joe %E Andrada, Alexandra %E Bremer, Andrew %E Shelton-Davenport, Marilee %T The Interplay Between Environmental Exposures and Mental Health Outcomes: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26201/the-interplay-between-environmental-exposures-and-mental-health-outcomes-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26201/the-interplay-between-environmental-exposures-and-mental-health-outcomes-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Health and Medicine %P 12 %X Mounting evidence shows that the environment can play an important role in mental health, yet comparatively few studies have focused on the mental or behavioral health outcomes of environmental stressors. The Interplay Between Environmental Exposures and Mental Health Outcomes, a virtual workshop held on February 2-3, 2021, provided mental health and environmental health research experts from government, academia, and the private sector with the opportunity to explore emerging research on the relationships between environmental exposures and mental health. Workshop presentations covered a broad array of the diverse makeup of environmental exposures, including those that are chemical, biological, or physical, and either natural or human-made in origin. Furthermore, while the historical definition of an environmental exposure refers to a contact that causes a negative health effect, some presenters highlighted how a person's environment can lead to positive mental health outcomes. Workshop participants also discussed approaches to better integrate mental and behavioral health into multidisciplinary considerations of environmental health; considered how mental and behavioral health impacts could become part of environmental risk assessments and public health choices; and highlighted new tools and technologies to assess ways in which the environment can affect mental health. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief provides the rapporteurs' high-level summary of the topics addressed in the workshop and suggestions provided by workshop participants for ways of integrating mental and behavioral health research and environmental research. %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %E Gootman, Jennifer Appleton %T After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-07179-6 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9944/after-school-programs-to-promote-child-and-adolescent-development-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9944/after-school-programs-to-promote-child-and-adolescent-development-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 72 %X This report summarizes the presentations and discussion at a workshop entitled Opportunities to Promote Child and Adolescent Development During the After-School Hours, convened on October 21, 1999. The workshop was organized by the Board on Children, Youth, and Families and its Forum on Adolescence of the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, with funding from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. This workshop brought together policy makers, researchers, and practitioners to examine research on the developmental needs of children and adolescents—ages 5 to 14 years—and the types of after-school programs designed to promote the health and development of these young people. Intended to provide a forum for discussion among the various stakeholders, the workshop did not generate conclusions about the types of programs that are most effective, nor did it generate specific recommendations about after-school programs or promote a particular approach. The workshop coincided with release of the Packard Foundation's fall 1999 issue of The Future of Children, entitled "When School Is Out." Focusing on after-school programs, the journal provided some context for the workshop, providing a backdrop for discussing the importance of after-school programs, the types of programs that exist across the country, and the policy climate that surrounds after-school programs. This report summarizes the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Kipke, Michele D. %T Risks and Opportunities: Synthesis of Studies on Adolescence %@ 978-0-309-06791-1 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9721/risks-and-opportunities-synthesis-of-studies-on-adolescence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9721/risks-and-opportunities-synthesis-of-studies-on-adolescence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 96 %X This report constitutes one of the first activities of the Forum on Adolescence, a cross-cutting activity of the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council of the National Academies. Established under the auspices of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families, the forum's overaching mission is to synthesize, analyze, and evaluate scientific research on critical national issues that relate to youth and their families, as well as to disseminate research and its policy and programmatic implications. The goals of the forum are to: (1) review and establish the science base on adolescent health and development and make efforts to foster this development; (2) identify new directions and support for research in this area, approaching research as a resource to be developed cumulatively over time; (3) showcase new research, programs, and policies that have demonstrated promise in improving the health and well-being of adolescents; (4) convene and foster collaborations among individuals who represent diverse viewpoints and backgrounds, with a view to enhancing the quality of leadership in this area; and (5) disseminate research on adolescence and its policy implications to a wide array of audiences, from the scientific community to the lay public. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T A Framework for Educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Health %@ 978-0-309-39262-4 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21923/a-framework-for-educating-health-professionals-to-address-the-social-determinants-of-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21923/a-framework-for-educating-health-professionals-to-address-the-social-determinants-of-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Education %P 172 %X The World Health Organization defines the social determinants of health as "the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life." These forces and systems include economic policies, development agendas, cultural and social norms, social policies, and political systems. In an era of pronounced human migration, changing demographics, and growing financial gaps between rich and poor, a fundamental understanding of how the conditions and circumstances in which individuals and populations exist affect mental and physical health is imperative. Educating health professionals about the social determinants of health generates awareness among those professionals about the potential root causes of ill health and the importance of addressing them in and with communities, contributing to more effective strategies for improving health and health care for underserved individuals, communities, and populations. Recently, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to develop a high-level framework for such health professional education. A Framework for Educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Health also puts forth a conceptual model for the framework's use with the goal of helping stakeholder groups envision ways in which organizations, education, and communities can come together to address health inequalities. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Olson, Steve %E Bogard, Kimber %T Considerations in Applying Benefit-Cost Analysis to Preventive Interventions for Children, Youth, and Families: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-30105-3 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18708/considerations-in-applying-benefit-cost-analysis-to-preventive-interventions-for-children-youth-and-families %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18708/considerations-in-applying-benefit-cost-analysis-to-preventive-interventions-for-children-youth-and-families %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 82 %X Benefit-cost analyses hold great promise for influencing policies related to children, youth, and families. By comparing the costs of preventive interventions with the long-term benefits of those interventions, benefit-cost analysis provides a tool for determining what kinds of investments have the greatest potential to reduce the physical, mental, and behavioral health problems of young people. More generally, the growth of benefit-cost analysis as a field of research and practice represents an exciting and promising trend in the development and implementation of public policies. The utility of benefit-cost analyses has been limited by a lack of uniformity in the methods and assumptions underlying these studies. For years, those who perform and those who use benefit-cost analyses have argued that the development and use of theoretical, technical, and reporting standards for benefit-cost analyses would enhance the validity of results, increase comparability across studies, and accelerate the progress of the field. Considerations in Applying Benefit-Cost Analysis to Preventive Interventions for Children, Youth, and Families is the summary of a workshop convened by the Board on Children, Youth, and Families of the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council in November 2013 as the first phase of a possible two-part effort directed toward guiding future benefit-cost studies and enhancing the relevance of benefit-cost analysis to governments and other organizations wanting to make sound prevention decisions. The workshop brought together leading practitioners in the field, researchers who study the methodological and analytic dimensions of benefit-cost analysis, and representatives of organizations that use the results of benefit-cost analyses to shape and implement public policies. This report discusses a wide range of issues about benefit-cost analysis, including the level of research rigor that should be met before results from an evaluation are used to estimate or predict outcomes in a cost-benefit analysis; best practices and methodologies for costing prevention interventions; prevention outcomes that currently lend themselves to monetization; processes and methodologies that should be used when linking prevention outcomes to avoided costs or increased revenues; and best methods for handling risk and uncertainty in estimates. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Alvarado, Carla %E Savaglio, Lauren %T A Population Health Perspective on Middle School Success: Activities, Programs, and Policies: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-67782-0 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25807/a-population-health-perspective-on-middle-school-success-activities-programs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25807/a-population-health-perspective-on-middle-school-success-activities-programs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 88 %X On December 5, 2019, the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to explore the factors that affect the health and well-being of middle-school-aged adolescents. The workshop included presentations on the risk factors of poor physical, social, and emotional outcomes and their prevalence; the identification of resilience factors; current policies and programs designed to support middle school success and address issues of equity and financing as they apply to these; and how the health and human services sectors can support and align with the education sector to promote health and well-being in middle school. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Weisfeld, Victoria %E Lustig, Tracy A. %T Promising and Best Practices in Total Worker Health: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-31211-0 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18947/promising-and-best-practices-in-total-worker-health-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18947/promising-and-best-practices-in-total-worker-health-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 86 %X Combined with the more traditional employer occupational safety and health protection activities are newer employment-based programs to promote better health through helping workers quit smoking, lose weight, reduce stress, or exercise more regularly. In support of these efforts, some employers have made changes in their policies and facilities to support physical activity and healthier eating, and some employers connect with community resources for health education, health fairs, and other services. This diverse array of activities most typically has been planned, managed, and assessed - to the extent they exist in the workplace at all - by different, often uncoordinated departments within the business entity. Some employers have reconceptualized their safety, prevention, and promotion initiatives and attempted to bring them together into a coherent whole. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has supported this integration, defining Total Worker Health as "a strategy integrating occupational safety and health protection with health promotion to prevent worker injury and illness and to advance health and well-being." In May 2014, with support from NIOSH, the Institute of Medicine organized a workshop on Total Worker Health. Rather than a review of published literature, this workshop sought input from a wide variety of on-the-ground stakeholders regarding their experiences with integrating occupational safety and health protection with health promotion in the workplace. Promising and Best Practices in Total Worker Health is the summary of the discussions and presentations of the event. This report identifies prevalent and best practices in programs that integrate occupational safety and health protection with health promotion in small, medium, and large workplaces; employer and employee associations; academia; government agencies; and other stakeholder groups. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Cuff, Patricia A. %E Forstag, Erin Hammers %T Lessons Learned in Health Professions Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Part 1: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-68254-1 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26210/lessons-learned-in-health-professions-education-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-part-1 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26210/lessons-learned-in-health-professions-education-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-part-1 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 84 %X During the COVID-19 pandemic, health professionals adapted, innovated, and accelerated in order to meet the needs of students, patients, and the community. To examine and learn from these experiences, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education convened a series of workshops, the first of which was a one-day virtual workshop on December 3, 2020. The first workshop explored lessons learned in the grand challenges facing health professions education (HPE) stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic and how those positive and negative experiences might inform development of sustainable improvements in the value, effectiveness, and impact of HPE. Educators, students, administrators, and health professionals shared ideas, stories, and data in an effort to discuss the future of HPE by learning from past experiences. Topics included: evaluation of online education; innovations in interprofessional education and learning opportunities within the social determinants of health and mental health; effects on preclinical and clinical education; regulatory and accreditation changes affecting HPE; and stress and workload on students and faculty. This publication summarizes the presentations and panel discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %T Service Provider Perspectives on Family Violence Interventions %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9053/service-provider-perspectives-on-family-violence-interventions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9053/service-provider-perspectives-on-family-violence-interventions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 124 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Informing the Future: Critical Issues in Health, Sixth Edition %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13180/informing-the-future-critical-issues-in-health-sixth-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13180/informing-the-future-critical-issues-in-health-sixth-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 202 %X This report illustrates the work of IOM committees in selected, major areas in recent years, followed by a description of IOM's convening and collaborative activities and fellowship programs. The last section provides a comprehensive bibliography of IOM reports published since 2007. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Wizemann, Theresa %E Reeve, Megan %E Altevogt, Bruce M. %T Preparedness, Response, and Recovery Considerations for Children and Families: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-29458-4 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18550/preparedness-response-and-recovery-considerations-for-children-and-families-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18550/preparedness-response-and-recovery-considerations-for-children-and-families-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 224 %X Preparedness, Response and Recovery Considerations for Children and Families is the summary of a workshop convened in June, 2013 by the Institute of Medicine Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events to discuss disaster preparedness, response, and resilience relative to the needs of children and families, including children with special health care needs. Traditional and non-traditional medical and public health stakeholders from across federal, state, and local government health care coalitions, community organizations, school districts, child care providers, hospitals, private health care providers, insurers, academia, and other partners in municipal planning met to review existing tools and frameworks that can be modified to include children's needs; identify child-serving partners and organizations that can be leveraged in planning to improve outcomes for children; highlight best practices in resilience and recovery strategies for children; and raise awareness of the need to integrate children's considerations throughout local and state emergency plans. Communities across the United States face the threat of emergencies and disasters almost every day, natural and man-made, urban and rural, large and small. Although children represent nearly 25 percent of the U.S. population, current state and local disaster preparedness plans often do not include specific considerations for children and families. The preparedness and resilience of communities related to children will require a systems framework for disaster preparedness across traditional and non-traditional medical and public health stakeholders, including community organizations, schools, and other partners in municipal planning. This report examines resilience strategies that lead to successful recovery in children after a disaster and discusses current approaches and interventions to improve recovery in children. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %T The Science of Adolescent Risk-Taking: Workshop Report %@ 978-0-309-15852-7 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12961/the-science-of-adolescent-risk-taking-workshop-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12961/the-science-of-adolescent-risk-taking-workshop-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 144 %X Adolescence is a time when youth make decisions, both good and bad, that have consequences for the rest of their lives. Some of these decisions put them at risk of lifelong health problems, injury, or death. The Institute of Medicine held three public workshops between 2008 and 2009 to provide a venue for researchers, health care providers, and community leaders to discuss strategies to improve adolescent health. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %T Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States: A Guide for the Health Care Sector %@ 978-0-309-31043-7 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18886/confronting-commercial-sexual-exploitation-and-sex-trafficking-of-minors-in-the-united-states %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18886/confronting-commercial-sexual-exploitation-and-sex-trafficking-of-minors-in-the-united-states %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 42 %X Every day in the United States, children and adolescents are victims of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. These are not only illegal activities, but also forms of violence and abuse that result in immediate and long-term physical, mental, and emotional harm to victims and survivors. In 2013, the Institute of Medicine/National Research Council released the report Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States. The report found that the United States is in the very early stages of recognizing, understanding, and developing solutions for these crimes. Health care professionals need to be able to recognize past, ongoing, or potential victimization by commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking among the youth in their care. Failure to do so increases the possibility that those at risk may become victims, and victims may miss opportunities for assistance and remain vulnerable to further exploitation and abuse. This Guide for the Health Care Sector provides a summary of information from the original report that is most relevant to individuals who and settings that see children and adolescents for prevention and treatment of injury, illness, and disease. This includes physicians, nurses, advanced practice nurses, physician assistants, mental health professionals, and dentists who practice in settings such as emergency departments, urgent care, primary care clinics, adolescent medicine clinics, school clinics, shelters, community health centers, and dental clinics among others. This guide includes definitions of key terms and an overview of risk factors and consequences; barriers to identifying victims and survivors as well as opportunities for overcoming these barriers; examples of current practices in the health care sector; and recommendations aimed at identifying, preventing, and responding to these crimes. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Moore, Mark H. %E Petrie, Carol V. %E Braga, Anthony A. %E McLaughlin, Brenda L. %T Deadly Lessons: Understanding Lethal School Violence %@ 978-0-309-08412-3 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10370/deadly-lessons-understanding-lethal-school-violence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10370/deadly-lessons-understanding-lethal-school-violence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 400 %X The shooting at Columbine High School riveted national attention on violence in the nation's schools. This dramatic example signaled an implicit and growing fear that these events would continue to occur—and even escalate in scale and severity. How do we make sense of the tragedy of a school shooting or even draw objective conclusions from these incidents? Deadly Lessons is the outcome of the National Research Council's unique effort to glean lessons from six case studies of lethal student violence. These are powerful stories of parents and teachers and troubled youths, presenting the tragic complexity of the young shooter's social and personal circumstances in rich detail. The cases point to possible causes of violence and suggest where interventions may be most effective. Readers will come away with a better understanding of the potential threat, how violence might be prevented, and how healing might be promoted in affected communities. For each case study, Deadly Lessons relates events leading up to the violence, provides quotes from personal interviews about the incident, and explores the impact on the community. The case studies center on: Two separate incidents in East New York in which three students were killed and a teacher was seriously wounded. A shooting on the south side of Chicago in which one youth was killed and two wounded. A shooting into a prayer group at a Kentucky high school in which three students were killed. The killing of four students and a teacher and the wounding of 10 others at an Arkansas middle school. The shooting of a popular science teacher by a teenager in Edinboro, Pennsylvania. A suspected copycat of Columbine in which six students were wounded in Georgia. For everyone who puzzles over these terrible incidents, Deadly Lessons offers a fresh perspective on the most fundamental of questions: Why? %0 Book %T Paying Attention to Children in a Changing Health Care System %@ 978-0-309-05588-8 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5408/paying-attention-to-children-in-a-changing-health-care-system %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5408/paying-attention-to-children-in-a-changing-health-care-system %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 104 %X America's health care system is being reshaped by a variety of market-driven changes, and states are emerging as the major governmental influence on health care policy. Amid these changes, the health and well-being of children can slip from view. Although most children are fundamentally healthy, they require health care that emphasizes preventive services, such as immunizations and regular monitoring of physical and psychosocial growth and development. This volume takes a broad look at access and quality of care for pregnant women, children, and mothers. Among the issues addressed are the scope of benefits available under various health care reform efforts and services for special-needs children under managed care. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Implementing Juvenile Justice Reform: The Federal Role %@ 978-0-309-30347-7 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18753/implementing-juvenile-justice-reform-the-federal-role %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18753/implementing-juvenile-justice-reform-the-federal-role %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 122 %X In the past decade, a number of state, local, and tribal jurisdictions have begun to take significant steps to overhaul their juvenile justice systems - for example, reducing the use of juvenile detention and out-of-home placement, bringing greater attention to racial and ethnic disparities, looking for ways to engage affected families in the process, and raising the age at which juvenile court jurisdiction ends. These changes are the result of heightening awareness of the ineffectiveness of punitive practices and accumulating knowledge about adolescent development. Momentum for reform is growing. However, many more state, local, and tribal jurisdictions need assistance, and practitioners in the juvenile justice field are looking for guidance from the federal government, particularly from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) in the Department of Justice. Implementing Juvenile Justice Reform identifies and prioritizes strategies and policies to effectively facilitate reform of the juvenile justice system and develop an implementation plan for OJJDP. Based on the 2013 report Reforming Juvenile Justice, this report is designed to provide specific guidance to OJJDP regarding the steps that it should take, both internally and externally, to facilitate juvenile justice reform grounded in knowledge about adolescent development. The report identifies seven hallmarks of a developmental approach to juvenile justice to guide system reform: accountability without criminalization, alternatives to justice system involvement, individualized response based on needs and risks, confinement only when necessary for public safety, genuine commitment to fairness, sensitivity to disparate treatment, and family engagement. Implementing Juvenile Justice Reform outlines how these hallmarks should be incorporated into policies and practices within OJJDP, as well as in actions extended to state, local, and tribal jurisdictions to achieve the goals of the juvenile justice system through a developmentally informed approach. This report sets forth a detailed and prioritized strategic plan for the federal government to support and facilitate developmentally oriented juvenile justice reform. The pivotal component of the plan is to strengthen the role, capacity, and commitment of OJJDP, the lead federal agency in the field. By carrying out the recommendations of Implementing Juvenile Justice Reform, the federal government will both reaffirm and advance the promise of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Graham, Robert %E Kahn, Nicole F. %T Promoting Positive Adolescent Health Behaviors and Outcomes: Thriving in the 21st Century %@ 978-0-309-49677-3 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25552/promoting-positive-adolescent-health-behaviors-and-outcomes-thriving-in-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25552/promoting-positive-adolescent-health-behaviors-and-outcomes-thriving-in-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 194 %X Adolescence is a critical growth period in which youth develop essential skills that prepare them for adulthood. Prevention and intervention programs are designed to meet the needs of adolescents who require additional support and promote healthy behaviors and outcomes. To ensure the success of these efforts, it is essential that they include reliably identifiable techniques, strategies, or practices that have been proven effective. Promoting Positive Adolescent Health Behaviors and Outcomes: Thriving in the 21st Century identifies key program factors that can improve health outcomes related to adolescent behavior and provides evidence-based recommendations toward effective implementation of federal programming initiatives. This study explores normative adolescent development, the current landscape of adolescent risk behavior, core components of effective programs focused on optimal health, and recommendations for research, programs, and policies. %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %E Eccles, Jacquelynne %E Gootman, Jennifer Appleton %T Community Programs to Promote Youth Development %@ 978-0-309-10590-3 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10022/community-programs-to-promote-youth-development %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10022/community-programs-to-promote-youth-development %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 432 %X After-school programs, scout groups, community service activities, religious youth groups, and other community-based activities have long been thought to play a key role in the lives of adolescents. But what do we know about the role of such programs for today's adolescents? How can we ensure that programs are designed to successfully meet young people's developmental needs and help them become healthy, happy, and productive adults? Community Programs to Promote Youth Development explores these questions, focusing on essential elements of adolescent well-being and healthy development. It offers recommendations for policy, practice, and research to ensure that programs are well designed to meet young people's developmental needs. The book also discusses the features of programs that can contribute to a successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. It examines what we know about the current landscape of youth development programs for America's youth, as well as how these programs are meeting their diverse needs. Recognizing the importance of adolescence as a period of transition to adulthood, Community Programs to Promote Youth Development offers authoritative guidance to policy makers, practitioners, researchers, and other key stakeholders on the role of youth development programs to promote the healthy development and well-being of the nation's youth. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Clayton, Ellen Wright %E Krugman, Richard D. %E Simon, Patti %T Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States %@ 978-0-309-28655-8 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18358/confronting-commercial-sexual-exploitation-and-sex-trafficking-of-minors-in-the-united-states %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18358/confronting-commercial-sexual-exploitation-and-sex-trafficking-of-minors-in-the-united-states %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 478 %X Every day in the United States, children and adolescents are victims of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. Despite the serious and long-term consequences for victims as well as their families, communities, and society, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes are largely under supported, inefficient, uncoordinated, and unevaluated. Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States examines commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents of the United States under age 18. According to this report, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes require better collaborative approaches that build upon the capabilities of people and entities from a range of sectors. In addition, such efforts need to confront demand and the individuals who commit and benefit from these crimes. The report recommends increased awareness and understanding, strengthening of the law's response, strengthening of research to advance understanding and to support the development of prevention and intervention strategies, support for multi-sector and interagency collaboration, and creation of a digital information-sharing platform. A nation that is unaware of these problems or disengaged from solutions unwittingly contributes to the ongoing abuse of minors. If acted upon in a coordinated and comprehensive manner, the recommendations of Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States can help advance and strengthen the nation's emerging efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Clinical Preventive Services for Women: Closing the Gaps %@ 978-0-309-21538-1 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13181/clinical-preventive-services-for-women-closing-the-gaps %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13181/clinical-preventive-services-for-women-closing-the-gaps %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 249 %X Women suffer disproportionate rates of chronic disease and disability from some conditions, and often have high out-of-pocket health care costs. The passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) provides the United States with an opportunity to reduce existing health disparities by providing an unprecedented level of population health care coverage. The expansion of coverage to millions of uninsured Americans and the new standards for coverage of preventive services that are included in the ACA can potentially improve the health and well-being of individuals across the United States. Women in particular stand to benefit from these additional preventive health services. Clinical Preventive Services for Women reviews the preventive services that are important to women's health and well-being. It recommends that eight preventive health services for women be added to the services that health plans will cover at no cost. The recommendations are based on a review of existing guidelines and an assessment of the evidence on the effectiveness of different preventive services. The services include improved screening for cervical cancer, sexually transmitted infections, and gestational diabetes; a fuller range of contraceptive education, counseling, methods, and services; services for pregnant women; at least one well-woman preventive care visit annually; and screening and counseling for interpersonal and domestic violence, among others. Clinical Preventive Services for Women identifies critical gaps in preventive services for women as well as measures that will further ensure optimal health and well-being. It can serve as a comprehensive guide for federal government agencies, including the Department of Health and Human Services and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention; state and local government agencies; policy makers; health care professionals; caregivers, and researchers. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Weinstein, James N. %E Geller, Amy %E Negussie, Yamrot %E Baciu, Alina %T Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity %@ 978-0-309-45296-0 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24624/communities-in-action-pathways-to-health-equity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24624/communities-in-action-pathways-to-health-equity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 582 %X In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Alper, Joe %T Metrics That Matter for Population Health Action: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-39153-5 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21899/metrics-that-matter-for-population-health-action-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21899/metrics-that-matter-for-population-health-action-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 140 %X In times of rapid change and constrained resources, measures that are important, focused, and reliable are vital. However there is an overabundance of measures available for evaluating various aspects of population health and previous efforts to simplify existing sets to meet the needs of all decision makers have been unsuccessful. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to explore the status and uses of measures and measurement in the work of improving population health. Participants explored existing and emerging population health metric sets and characteristics of metrics necessary for stakeholder action across multiple sectors. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Alper, Joe %E Thompson, Darla %E Baciu, Alina %T Exploring Opportunities for Collaboration Between Health and Education to Improve Population Health: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-31422-0 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18979/exploring-opportunities-for-collaboration-between-health-and-education-to-improve-population-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18979/exploring-opportunities-for-collaboration-between-health-and-education-to-improve-population-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 126 %X Research based on decades of experience in the developing world has identified educational status, especially the status of the mother, as a major predictor of health outcomes and that the literature indicates that the gradient in health outcomes by educational attainment has steepened over the last four decades across the United States. Since the 1990s, while the average life expectancy in the United States has been steadily increasing, life expectancy has actually decreased for people without a high school education, especially white women. To understand the complex relationship between education and health and how this understanding could inform our nation's investments and policies, the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Population Health Improvement held a public workshop in Washington, DC, on June 5, 2014. This workshop, which featured presentations and extensive discussion periods, also explored how the health and education sectors can work together more effectively to achieve improvements in both health status and educational achievement. This report summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Policing to Promote the Rule of Law and Protect the Population: An Evidence-Based Approach %@ 978-0-309-68535-1 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26217/policing-to-promote-the-rule-of-law-and-protect-the-population %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26217/policing-to-promote-the-rule-of-law-and-protect-the-population %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 120 %X The U.S. Department of State, through its Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL), provides foreign assistance and supports capacity building for criminal justice systems and police organizations in approximately 90 countries around the world. It has a mandate to strengthen fragile states, support democratic transitions, and stabilize conflict-affected societies by helping partner countries develop effective and accountable criminal justice sector institutions and systems. While the science of policing outcomes has grown in recent years, it is limited in context, with much of the research conducted on policing taking place in the Global North countries (e.g., the United Kingdom and United States). It is also limited in purpose, with much research focused on examining crime reduction as opposed to examining the harms to the public as the result of crimes, violence, and any effects of policing activities. At the request of INL, Policing to Promote the Rule of Law and Protect the Population explores the organizational policies, structures, or practices (e.g., HR and recruiting, legal authorities, reporting lines, etc.) that will enable a police service to promote the rule of law and protect the population. This report presents an overview of the state of research and highlights promising areas to guide policing reform and interventions. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Operationalizing Sustainable Development to Benefit People and the Planet %@ 978-0-309-69165-9 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26654/operationalizing-sustainable-development-to-benefit-people-and-the-planet %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26654/operationalizing-sustainable-development-to-benefit-people-and-the-planet %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 128 %X The COVID-19 pandemic and overlapping global crises, including geopolitical conflict and climate change, have made achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) more challenging. The scientific community incre-singly recognizes the need to accelerate the adoption of evidence-based, scientifically-sound policies and actions to operationalize sustainable development. This report identifies key research priorities and possible actionable steps to operationalize sustainable development at the global and local levels. Although the scope of the challenges and opportunities are global with many research investigations and actions needed, Operationalizing Sustainable Development to Benefit People and the Planet presents research priorities and possible actionable steps for consideration by U.S. stakeholders.