%0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Choffnes, Eileen R. %E Mack, Alison %T The Influence of Global Environmental Change on Infectious Disease Dynamics: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-30499-3 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18800/the-influence-of-global-environmental-change-on-infectious-disease-dynamics %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18800/the-influence-of-global-environmental-change-on-infectious-disease-dynamics %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 444 %X The twentieth century witnessed an era of unprecedented, large-scale, anthropogenic changes to the natural environment. Understanding how environmental factors directly and indirectly affect the emergence and spread of infectious disease has assumed global importance for life on this planet. While the causal links between environmental change and disease emergence are complex, progress in understanding these links, as well as how their impacts may vary across space and time, will require transdisciplinary, transnational, collaborative research. This research may draw upon the expertise, tools, and approaches from a variety of disciplines. Such research may inform improvements in global readiness and capacity for surveillance, detection, and response to emerging microbial threats to plant, animal, and human health. The Influence of Global Environmental Change on Infectious Disease Dynamics is the summary of a workshop hosted by the Institute of Medicine Forum on Microbial Threats in September 2013 to explore the scientific and policy implications of the impacts of global environmental change on infectious disease emergence, establishment, and spread. This report examines the observed and potential influence of environmental factors, acting both individually and in synergy, on infectious disease dynamics. The report considers a range of approaches to improve global readiness and capacity for surveillance, detection, and response to emerging microbial threats to plant, animal, and human health in the face of ongoing global environmental change. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Relman, David A. %E Choffnes, Eileen R. %E Mack, Alison %T Infectious Disease Movement in a Borderless World: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-14447-6 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12758/infectious-disease-movement-in-a-borderless-world-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12758/infectious-disease-movement-in-a-borderless-world-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 322 %X Modern transportation allows people, animals, and plants--and the pathogens they carry--to travel more easily than ever before. The ease and speed of travel, tourism, and international trade connect once-remote areas with one another, eliminating many of the geographic and cultural barriers that once limited the spread of disease. Because of our global interconnectedness through transportation, tourism and trade, infectious diseases emerge more frequently; spread greater distances; pass more easily between humans and animals; and evolve into new and more virulent strains. The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted the workshop "Globalization, Movement of Pathogens (and Their Hosts) and the Revised International Health Regulations" December 16-17, 2008 in order to explore issues related to infectious disease spread in a "borderless" world. Participants discussed the global emergence, establishment, and surveillance of infectious diseases; the complex relationship between travel, trade, tourism, and the spread of infectious diseases; national and international policies for mitigating disease movement locally and globally; and obstacles and opportunities for detecting and containing these potentially wide-reaching and devastating diseases. This document summarizes the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Knobler, Stacey %E Mahmoud, Adel %E Lemon, Stanley %E Pray, Leslie %T The Impact of Globalization on Infectious Disease Emergence and Control: Exploring the Consequences and Opportunities: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-10098-4 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11588/the-impact-of-globalization-on-infectious-disease-emergence-and-control %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11588/the-impact-of-globalization-on-infectious-disease-emergence-and-control %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 246 %X Globalization is by no means a new phenomenon; transcontinental trade and the movement of people date back at least 2,000 years, to the era of the ancient Silk Road trade route. The global spread of infectious disease has followed a parallel course. Indeed, the emergence and spread of infectious disease are, in a sense, the epitome of globalization. Although some experts mark the fall of the Berlin Wall as the beginning of this new era of globalization, others argue that it is not so new. The future of globalization is still in the making. Despite the successful attempts of the developed world during the course of the last century to control many infectious diseases and even to eradicate some deadly afflictions, 13 million people worldwide still die from such diseases every year. On April 16 and 17, 2002, the Forum on Emerging Infections held a working group discussion on the influence of globalization on the emergence and control of infectious diseases. The contents of the unattributed sections are based on the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. The Impact of Globalization on Infectious Disease Emergence and Control report summarizes the presentations and discussions related to the increasing cross-border and cross-continental movements of people and how this could exacerbate the emergence and global spread of infectious diseases. This report also summarizes the means by which sovereign states and nations must adopt a global public health mind-set and develop a new organizational framework to maximize the opportunities and overcome the challenges created by globalization and build the necessary capacity to respond effectively to emerging infectious disease threats. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Keusch, Gerald T. %E Pappaioanou, Marguerite %E González, Mila C. %E Scott, Kimberly A. %E Tsai, Peggy %T Sustaining Global Surveillance and Response to Emerging Zoonotic Diseases %@ 978-0-309-13734-8 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12625/sustaining-global-surveillance-and-response-to-emerging-zoonotic-diseases %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12625/sustaining-global-surveillance-and-response-to-emerging-zoonotic-diseases %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Agriculture %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 338 %X H1N1 ("swine flu"), SARS, mad cow disease, and HIV/AIDS are a few examples of zoonotic diseases-diseases transmitted between humans and animals. Zoonotic diseases are a growing concern given multiple factors: their often novel and unpredictable nature, their ability to emerge anywhere and spread rapidly around the globe, and their major economic toll on several disparate industries. Infectious disease surveillance systems are used to detect this threat to human and animal health. By systematically collecting data on the occurrence of infectious diseases in humans and animals, investigators can track the spread of disease and provide an early warning to human and animal health officials, nationally and internationally, for follow-up and response. Unfortunately, and for many reasons, current disease surveillance has been ineffective or untimely in alerting officials to emerging zoonotic diseases. Sustaining Global Surveillance and Response to Emerging Zoonotic Diseases assesses some of the disease surveillance systems around the world, and recommends ways to improve early detection and response. The book presents solutions for improved coordination between human and animal health sectors, and among governments and international organizations. Parties seeking to improve the detection and response to zoonotic diseases—including U.S. government and international health policy makers, researchers, epidemiologists, human health clinicians, and veterinarians—can use this book to help curtail the threat zoonotic diseases pose to economies, societies, and health.