@BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids", isbn = "978-0-309-06935-9", abstract = "This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series of quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) is the newest framework for an expanded approach developed by U.S. and Canadian scientists.\nThis book discusses in detail the role of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and the carotenoids in human physiology and health. For each nutrient the committee presents what is known about how it functions in the human body, which factors may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease.\nDietary Reference Intakes provides reference intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for different groups based on age and gender, along with a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), designed to assist an individual in knowing how much is \"too much\" of a nutrient.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9810/dietary-reference-intakes-for-vitamin-c-vitamin-e-selenium-and-carotenoids", year = 2000, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate", isbn = "978-0-309-09169-5", abstract = "Dietary Reference Intakes\nfor Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate\nThe Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are quantitative estimates of nutrient\nintakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. This\nnew report, the sixth in a series of reports presenting dietary reference values\nfor the intakes of nutrients by Americans and Canadians, establishes\nnutrient recommendations on water, potassium, and salt for health maintenance\nand the reduction of chronic disease risk.\nDietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate\ndiscusses in detail the role of water, potassium, salt, chloride, and sulfate in\nhuman physiology and health. The major findings in this book include the\nestablishment of Adequate Intakes for total water (drinking water, beverages,\nand food), potassium, sodium, and chloride and the establishment of\nTolerable Upper Intake levels for sodium and chloride. The book makes\nresearch recommendations for information needed to advance the understanding\nof human requirements for water and electrolytes, as well as\nadverse effects associated with the intake of excessive amounts of water,\nsodium, chloride, potassium, and sulfate. This book will be an invaluable\nreference for nutritionists, nutrition researchers, and food manufacturers.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10925/dietary-reference-intakes-for-water-potassium-sodium-chloride-and-sulfate", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Virginia A. Stallings and Meghan Harrison and Maria Oria", title = "Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium", isbn = "978-0-309-48834-1", abstract = "As essential nutrients, sodium and potassium contribute to the fundamentals of physiology and pathology of human health and disease. In clinical settings, these are two important blood electrolytes, are frequently measured and influence care decisions. Yet, blood electrolyte concentrations are usually not influenced by dietary intake, as kidney and hormone systems carefully regulate blood values.\n\nOver the years, increasing evidence suggests that sodium and potassium intake patterns of children and adults influence long-term population health mostly through complex relationships among dietary intake, blood pressure and cardiovascular health. The public health importance of understanding these relationships, based upon the best available evidence and establishing recommendations to support the development of population clinical practice guidelines and medical care of patients is clear.\n\nThis report reviews evidence on the relationship between sodium and potassium intakes and indicators of adequacy, toxicity, and chronic disease. It updates the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) using an expanded DRI model that includes consideration of chronic disease endpoints, and outlines research gaps to address the uncertainties identified in the process of deriving the reference values and evaluating public health implications.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25353/dietary-reference-intakes-for-sodium-and-potassium", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "A. Catharine Ross and Christine L. Taylor and Ann L. Yaktine and Heather B. Del Valle", title = "Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D", isbn = "978-0-309-16394-1", abstract = "Calcium and vitamin D are essential nutrients for the human body. Establishing the levels of these nutrients that are needed by the North American population is based on the understanding of the health outcomes that calcium and vitamin D affect. It is also important to establish how much of each nutrient may be \"too much.\"\nDietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D provides reference intake values for these two nutrients. The report updates the DRI values defined in Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride, the 1997 study from the Institute of Medicine. This 2011 book provides background information on the biological functions of each nutrient, reviews health outcomes that are associated with the intake of calcium and vitamin D, and specifies Estimated Average Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for both. It also identifies Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, which are levels above wish the risk for harm may increase. The book includes an overview of current dietary intake in the U.S. and Canada, and discusses implications of the study. A final chapter provides research recommendations.\nThe DRIs established in this book incorporate current scientific evidence about the roles of vitamin D and calcium in human health and will serve as a valuable guide for a range of stakeholders including dietitians and other health professionals, those who set national nutrition policy, researchers, the food industry, and private and public health organizations and partnerships. \n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13050/dietary-reference-intakes-for-calcium-and-vitamin-d", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }