%0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products %@ 978-0-309-22398-0 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13294/scientific-standards-for-studies-on-modified-risk-tobacco-products %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13294/scientific-standards-for-studies-on-modified-risk-tobacco-products %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 370 %X Smoking-related diseases kill more Americans than alcohol, illegal drugs, murder and suicide combined. The passage of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 gave the FDA authority to regulate "modified risk tobacco products" (MRTPs), tobacco products that are either designed or advertised to reduce harm or the risk of tobacco-related disease. MRTPs must submit to the FDA scientific evidence to demonstrate the product has the potential to reduce tobacco related harms as compared to conventional tobacco products. The IOM identifies minimum standards for scientific studies that an applicant would need to complete to obtain an order to market the product from the FDA. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Bonnie, Richard J. %E Stratton, Kathleen %E Kwan, Leslie Y. %T Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products %@ 978-0-309-31624-8 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18997/public-health-implications-of-raising-the-minimum-age-of-legal-access-to-tobacco-products %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18997/public-health-implications-of-raising-the-minimum-age-of-legal-access-to-tobacco-products %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 398 %X Tobacco use by adolescents and young adults poses serious concerns. Nearly all adults who have ever smoked daily first tried a cigarette before 26 years of age. Current cigarette use among adults is highest among persons aged 21 to 25 years. The parts of the brain most responsible for cognitive and psychosocial maturity continue to develop and change through young adulthood, and adolescent brains are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of nicotine. At the request of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products considers the likely public health impact of raising the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products. The report reviews the existing literature on tobacco use patterns, developmental biology and psychology, health effects of tobacco use, and the current landscape regarding youth access laws, including minimum age laws and their enforcement. Based on this literature, the report makes conclusions about the likely effect of raising the minimum age to 19, 21, and 25 years on tobacco use initiation. The report also quantifies the accompanying public health outcomes based on findings from two tobacco use simulation models. According to the report, raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco products, particularly to ages 21 and 25, will lead to substantial reductions in tobacco use, improve the health of Americans across the lifespan, and save lives. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products will be a valuable reference for federal policy makers and state and local health departments and legislators. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Bondurant, Stuart %E Wedge, Roberta %T Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations %@ 978-0-309-13767-6 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12632/combating-tobacco-use-in-military-and-veteran-populations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12632/combating-tobacco-use-in-military-and-veteran-populations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 380 %X The health and economic costs of tobacco use in military and veteran populations are high. In 2007, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of Defense (DoD) requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) make recommendations on how to reduce tobacco initiation and encourage cessation in both military and veteran populations. In its 2009 report, Combating Tobacco in Military and Veteran Populations, the authoring committee concludes that to prevent tobacco initiation and encourage cessation, both DoD and VA should implement comprehensive tobacco-control programs. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Lynch, Barbara S. %E Bonnie, Richard J. %T Growing Up Tobacco Free: Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths %@ 978-0-309-05129-3 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4757/growing-up-tobacco-free-preventing-nicotine-addiction-in-children-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4757/growing-up-tobacco-free-preventing-nicotine-addiction-in-children-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 320 %X Tobacco use kills more people than any other addiction and we know that addiction starts in childhood and youth. We all agree that youths should not smoke, but how can this be accomplished? What prevention messages will they find compelling? What effect does tobacco advertising—more than $10 million worth every day—have on youths? Can we responsibly and effectively restrict their access to tobacco products? These questions and more are addressed in Growing Up Tobacco Free, prepared by the Institute of Medicine to help everyone understand the troubling issues surrounding youths and tobacco use. Growing Up Tobacco Free provides a readable explanation of nicotine's effects and the process of addiction, and documents the search for an effective approach to preventing the use of cigarettes, chewing and spitting tobacco, and snuff by children and youths. It covers the results of recent initiatives to limit young people's access to tobacco and discusses approaches to controls or bans on tobacco sales, price sensitivity among adolescents, and arguments for and against taxation as a prevention strategy for tobacco use. The controversial area of tobacco advertising is thoroughly examined. With clear guidelines for public action, everyone can benefit by reading and acting on the messages in this comprehensive and compelling book.