%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Laurencin, Cato T. %E Alexander, Mark %E Jones, Camara P. %E Marrett, Cora Bagley %T COVID-19 and the Present and Future of Black Communities: The Role of Black Physicians, Engineers, and Scientists: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-47239-5 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26146/covid-19-and-the-present-and-future-of-black-communities-the-role-of-black-physicians-engineers-and-scientists %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26146/covid-19-and-the-present-and-future-of-black-communities-the-role-of-black-physicians-engineers-and-scientists %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 96 %X While the COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating health and economic impacts in the United States, communities of color, especially Black communities, have been disproportionately affected. On June 23, 2020, the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop to discuss the landscape of COVID-19, including how systemic racism contributes to the disproportionate effects related to infection rates and mortality of this virus and other health conditions. Presenters highlighted relevant research and creative responses from many perspectives, including how Black scientists, engineers, and doctors are contributing to solutions and are ready to do more. National Academies leaders and members also discussed the role of the National Academies in addressing the pandemic and underlying issues of systemic racism that have led to health disparities in the United States. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Barabino, Gilda A. %E Corbin, Theodore J., Jr. %E Whitacre, Paula %E Laurencin, Cato T. %T Understanding and Offsetting Financial Barriers for Black Students in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Programs, Partnerships, and Pathways: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-68889-5 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26576/understanding-and-offsetting-financial-barriers-for-black-students-in-science-engineering-and-medicine %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26576/understanding-and-offsetting-financial-barriers-for-black-students-in-science-engineering-and-medicine %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 110 %X The number of Black students in science, engineering, and medicine in the United States has remained disproportionately low over the past several decades. A number of reasons have been identified as contributing to these low numbers, including those related to finances. Financial considerations range from the most immediate - the ability of students to pay for their education and associated costs - to more structural concerns, such as inequities that created and have perpetuated a wealth gap between races and ethnic groups. On April 19-20, 2021, the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a virtual public workshop to examine financial barriers for Black students in science, engineering, and medicine, explore existing educational programs to them, and engage stakeholders in conversations about partnerships and policies that span academia, industry, and philanthropy. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Year Two Annual Report of Activities %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26339/action-collaborative-on-preventing-sexual-harassment-in-higher-education-year %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26339/action-collaborative-on-preventing-sexual-harassment-in-higher-education-year %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 14 %X The Action Collaborative's Year 2 Annual Report summarizes the Action Collaborative's collective progress in the 2020-2021 year, identifies areas for future focus, discusses trends in organizations' reported areas of work, and highlights work shared by member organizations and partner network organizations. A complete collection of "descriptions of work" authored by member and partner network organizations is available in the repository. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Baker, Arielle L. %E Thomas, Jeena M. %E Saunders, Jennifer E. %T Evaluating the Effectiveness of Interventions to Prevent and Address Sexual Harassment: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-08769-8 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26279/evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-interventions-to-prevent-and-address-sexual-harassment %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26279/evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-interventions-to-prevent-and-address-sexual-harassment %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 134 %X Rising awareness of and increased attention to sexual harassment has resulted in momentum to implement sexual harassment prevention efforts in higher education institutions. Work on preventing sexual harassment is an area that has recently garnered a lot of attention, especially around education and programs that go beyond the standard anti-sexual harassment trainings often used to comply with legal requirements. On April 20-21, 2021, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted the workshop Developing Evaluation Metrics for Sexual Harassment Prevention Efforts. The workshop explored approaches and strategies for evaluating and measuring the effectiveness of sexual harassment interventions being implemented at higher education institutions and research and training sites, in order to assist institutions in transforming promising ideas into evidence-based best practices. Workshop participants also addressed methods, metrics, and measures that could be used to evaluate sexual harassment prevention efforts that lead to change in the organizational climate and culture and/or a change in behavior among community members. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Hammonds, Evelynn %E Malcom, Shirley %E Pinn, Vivian %E Whitacre, Paula %E Laurencin, Cato T. %T Psychological Factors That Contribute to the Dearth of Black Students in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-69285-4 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26691/psychological-factors-that-contribute-to-the-dearth-of-black-students-in-science-engineering-and-medicine %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26691/psychological-factors-that-contribute-to-the-dearth-of-black-students-in-science-engineering-and-medicine %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Health and Medicine %P 118 %X Efforts over the last several decades to increase the participation and leadership of Black men and women in the scientific and medical workforce have had limited results. Despite many individual successes, the number of Black professionals in science, engineering, and medicine (SEM) fields has not reached a level that corresponds with African American representation in the country at large. Structural racism affects progress at all stages along the pathway - from young children through graduate and medical students through faculty and clinicians at all levels. Beyond entry into educational programs or recruitment into workplaces seeking to diversify, challenges persist to achieve equity and inclusion for Black males and females. Moreover, psychological barriers confound the engagement of Black men and women in SEM fields. To explore these issues and suggest solutions, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine launched the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine. Over the past 2 years, the Roundtable has convened workshops on K-12 education, the impact of COVID-19, financial burdens to pursuing SEM careers, and other topics. Sessions during each of these workshops identified psychological factors related to those specific topics. To have a more targeted discussion, the Roundtable convened a virtual workshop on September 14-15, 2021. As summarized in this proceedings, panelists and participants identified policies and practices that perpetuate these factors and explored solutions toward achieving and maintaining wellness, especially among students and young professionals. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Laurencin, Cato T. %T An American Crisis: The Growing Absence of Black Men in Medicine and Science: Proceedings of a Joint Workshop %@ 978-0-309-47690-4 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25130/an-american-crisis-the-growing-absence-of-black-men-in %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25130/an-american-crisis-the-growing-absence-of-black-men-in %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 170 %X Black men are increasingly underrepresented in medical schools and in the medical profession. A diverse workforce is a key attribute of quality healthcare and research suggests that a diverse workforce may help to advance cultural competency and increase access to high-quality health care, especially for underserved populations. Conversely, lack of diversity in the health workforce threatens health care quality and access and contributes to health disparities. In this way, the growing absence of Black men in medicine is especially troubling, because their absence in medicine may have adverse consequences for health care access, quality, and outcomes among Black Americans and Americans overall. To better understand the factors that contribute to the low participation of Black men in the medical profession, facilitate discussion of current strategies used to increase their participation in medical education, and explore new strategies along the educational and professional pipeline that may have potential to increase participation in medicine, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the Cobb Institute jointly convened a 2-day workshop in November 2017, in Washington, DC. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Ajijola, Olujimi %E Bridges, Charles R., Jr. %E Holden, Lynne M. %E Whitacre, Paula %E Laurencin, Cato T. %T Educational Pathways for Black Students in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Exploring Barriers and Possible Interventions: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-27344-2 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26391/educational-pathways-for-black-students-in-science-engineering-and-medicine %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26391/educational-pathways-for-black-students-in-science-engineering-and-medicine %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 120 %X Academic preparation is critical to increase Black representation in Science, Engineering, and Medicine, but so, too, are such interrelated factors as providing mentoring and role models in sufficient numbers, adequately funding school and community support services, and analyzing the intentional and unintentional consequences of a range of policies and practices. To address these issues, the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop on September 2 and 3, 2020. Titled "Educational Pathways for Blacks in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Exploring Barriers and Possible Interventions," the workshop provided a platform to explore challenges and opportunities, beginning in the earliest years of life through K-12 schooling, undergraduate and postgraduate education, and into the workforce. Presenters throughout the workshop provided perspectives from research and from their own experiences to discuss the need for systemic solutions inside and outside of formal education institutions. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Holden, Lynne M. %E Sullivan, Louis W. %E Laurencin, Cato T. %T Supporting Black Students Through Their Science, Engineering, and Medicine Career Journeys: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-71250-7 %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27339/supporting-black-students-through-their-science-engineering-and-medicine-career-journeys %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27339/supporting-black-students-through-their-science-engineering-and-medicine-career-journeys %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 132 %X Increasing the number of Black men and Black women who enter the fields of science, engineering, and medicine (SEM) will benefit the social and economic health of the nation. On May 2-3, 2022 the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to highlight promising financial and supportive services and programs throughout various stages of career development. Sessions followed student progression through the major stages of education and career development, and identified policies and practices that aim to mitigate and alleviate long-standing barriers to the full participation of Black students in SEM at the K–12, undergraduate, and graduate and professional levels. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Matchett, Karin %T Seeking Solutions: Maximizing American Talent by Advancing Women of Color in Academia: Summary of a Conference %@ 978-0-309-29591-8 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18556/seeking-solutions-maximizing-american-talent-by-advancing-women-of-color %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18556/seeking-solutions-maximizing-american-talent-by-advancing-women-of-color %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 292 %X Seeking Solutions: Maximizing American Talent by Advancing Women of Color in Academia is the summary of a 2013 conference convened by the Committee on Women in Science, Engineering and Medicine of the National Research Council to discuss the current status of women of color in academia and explore the challenges and successful initiatives for creating the institutional changes required to increase representation of women of color at all levels of the academic workforce. While the number of women, including minority women, pursuing higher education in science, engineering and medicine has grown, the number of minority women faculty in all institutions of higher education has remained small and has grown less rapidly than the numbers of nonminority women or minority men. Seeking Solutions reviews the existing research on education and academic career patterns for minority women in science, engineering, and medicine to enhance understanding of the barriers and challenges to the full participation of all minority women in STEM disciplines and academic careers. Additionally, this report identifies reliable and credible data source and data gaps, as well as key aspects of exemplary policies and programs that are effective in enhancing minority women's participation in faculty ranks. Success in academia is predicated on many factors and is not solely a function of talent. Seeking Solutions elucidates those other factors and highlights ways that institutions and the individuals working there can take action to create institutional cultures hospitable to people of any gender, race, and ethnicity. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Johnson, Paula A. %E Widnall, Sheila E. %E Benya, Frazier F. %T Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %@ 978-0-309-47087-2 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24994/sexual-harassment-of-women-climate-culture-and-consequences-in-academic %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24994/sexual-harassment-of-women-climate-culture-and-consequences-in-academic %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 312 %X Over the last few decades, research, activity, and funding has been devoted to improving the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine. In recent years the diversity of those participating in these fields, particularly the participation of women, has improved and there are significantly more women entering careers and studying science, engineering, and medicine than ever before. However, as women increasingly enter these fields they face biases and barriers and it is not surprising that sexual harassment is one of these barriers. Over thirty years the incidence of sexual harassment in different industries has held steady, yet now more women are in the workforce and in academia, and in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine (as students and faculty) and so more women are experiencing sexual harassment as they work and learn. Over the last several years, revelations of the sexual harassment experienced by women in the workplace and in academic settings have raised urgent questions about the specific impact of this discriminatory behavior on women and the extent to which it is limiting their careers. Sexual Harassment of Women explores the influence of sexual harassment in academia on the career advancement of women in the scientific, technical, and medical workforce. This report reviews the research on the extent to which women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine are victimized by sexual harassment and examines the existing information on the extent to which sexual harassment in academia negatively impacts the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women pursuing scientific, engineering, technical, and medical careers. It also identifies and analyzes the policies, strategies and practices that have been the most successful in preventing and addressing sexual harassment in these settings. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Higginbotham, Eve %E Dahlberg, Maria Lund %T The Impact of COVID-19 on the Careers of Women in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %@ 978-0-309-26837-0 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26061/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-the-careers-of-women-in-academic-sciences-engineering-and-medicine %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26061/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-the-careers-of-women-in-academic-sciences-engineering-and-medicine %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 194 %X The spring of 2020 marked a change in how almost everyone conducted their personal and professional lives, both within science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) and beyond. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global scientific conferences and individual laboratories and required people to find space in their homes from which to work. It blurred the boundaries between work and non-work, infusing ambiguity into everyday activities. While adaptations that allowed people to connect became more common, the evidence available at the end of 2020 suggests that the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic endangered the engagement, experience, and retention of women in academic STEMM, and may roll back some of the achievement gains made by women in the academy to date. The Impact of COVID-19 on the Careers of Women in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine identifies, names, and documents how the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the careers of women in academic STEMM during the initial 9-month period since March 2020 and considers how these disruptions - both positive and negative - might shape future progress for women. This publication builds on the 2020 report Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine to develop a comprehensive understanding of the nuanced ways these disruptions have manifested. The Impact of COVID-19 on the Careers of Women in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine will inform the academic community as it emerges from the pandemic to mitigate any long-term negative consequences for the continued advancement of women in the academic STEMM workforce and build on the adaptations and opportunities that have emerged. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Byars-Winston, Angela %E Dahlberg, Maria Lund %T The Science of Effective Mentorship in STEMM %@ 978-0-309-49729-9 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25568/the-science-of-effective-mentorship-in-stemm %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25568/the-science-of-effective-mentorship-in-stemm %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 306 %X Mentorship is a catalyst capable of unleashing one's potential for discovery, curiosity, and participation in STEMM and subsequently improving the training environment in which that STEMM potential is fostered. Mentoring relationships provide developmental spaces in which students' STEMM skills are honed and pathways into STEMM fields can be discovered. Because mentorship can be so influential in shaping the future STEMM workforce, its occurrence should not be left to chance or idiosyncratic implementation. There is a gap between what we know about effective mentoring and how it is practiced in higher education. The Science of Effective Mentorship in STEMM studies mentoring programs and practices at the undergraduate and graduate levels. It explores the importance of mentorship, the science of mentoring relationships, mentorship of underrepresented students in STEMM, mentorship structures and behaviors, and institutional cultures that support mentorship. This report and its complementary interactive guide present insights on effective programs and practices that can be adopted and adapted by institutions, departments, and individual faculty members. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Espinosa, Lorelle L. %E McGuire, Kent %E Jackson, Leigh Miles %T Minority Serving Institutions: America's Underutilized Resource for Strengthening the STEM Workforce %@ 978-0-309-48441-1 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25257/minority-serving-institutions-americas-underutilized-resource-for-strengthening-the-stem %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25257/minority-serving-institutions-americas-underutilized-resource-for-strengthening-the-stem %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Industry and Labor %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 254 %X There are over 20 million young people of color in the United States whose representation in STEM education pathways and in the STEM workforce is still far below their numbers in the general population. Their participation could help re-establish the United States' preeminence in STEM innovation and productivity, while also increasing the number of well-educated STEM workers. There are nearly 700 minority-serving institutions (MSIs) that provide pathways to STEM educational success and workforce readiness for millions of students of color—and do so in a mission-driven and intentional manner. They vary substantially in their origins, missions, student demographics, and levels of institutional selectivity. But in general, their service to the nation provides a gateway to higher education and the workforce, particularly for underrepresented students of color and those from low-income and first-generation to college backgrounds. The challenge for the nation is how to capitalize on the unique strengths and attributes of these institutions and to equip them with the resources, exceptional faculty talent, and vital infrastructure needed to educate and train an increasingly critical portion of current and future generations of scientists, engineers, and health professionals. Minority Serving Institutions examines the nation's MSIs and identifies promising programs and effective strategies that have the highest potential return on investment for the nation by increasing the quantity and quality MSI STEM graduates. This study also provides critical information and perspective about the importance of MSIs to other stakeholders in the nation's system of higher education and the organizations that support them. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Colwell, Rita %E Bear, Ashley %E Helman, Alex %T Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Opening Doors %@ 978-0-309-49824-1 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25585/promising-practices-for-addressing-the-underrepresentation-of-women-in-science-engineering-and-medicine %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25585/promising-practices-for-addressing-the-underrepresentation-of-women-in-science-engineering-and-medicine %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 234 %X Careers in science, engineering, and medicine offer opportunities to advance knowledge, contribute to the well-being of communities, and support the security, prosperity, and health of the United States. But many women do not pursue or persist in these careers, or advance to leadership positions - not because they lack the talent or aspirations, but because they face barriers, including: implicit and explicit bias; sexual harassment; unequal access to funding and resources; pay inequity; higher teaching and advising loads; and fewer speaking invitations, among others. There are consequences from this underrepresentation of women for the nation as well: a labor shortage in many science, engineering, and medical professions that cannot be filled unless institutions and organizations recruit from a broad and diverse talent pool; lost opportunities for innovation and economic gain; and lost talent as a result of discrimination, unconscious bias, and sexual harassment. Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine reviews and synthesizes existing research on policies, practices, programs, and other interventions for improving the recruitment, retention, and sustained advancement into leadership roles of women in these disciplines. This report makes actionable recommendations to leverage change and drive swift, coordinated improvements to the systems of education, research, and employment in order to improve both the representation and leadership of women.