TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Lisa Staes, Jodi Godfrey, Center for Urban Transportation Research, University of South Florida TI - Characteristics and Elements of Nonpunitive Employee Safety Reporting Systems for Public Transportation DO - 10.17226/25852 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25852/characteristics-and-elements-of-nonpunitive-employee-safety-reporting-systems-for-public-transportation PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - The importance of safety cannot be overstated and requires continued shifts in the approach to safety management within the public transportation industry.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Research Report 218: Characteristics and Elements of Nonpunitive Employee Safety Reporting Systems for Public Transportation compiles the best practices used in nonpunitive employee safety reporting systems at transit agencies. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Sharing Information between Public Safety and Transportation Agencies for Traffic Incident Management DO - 10.17226/13730 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13730/sharing-information-between-public-safety-and-transportation-agencies-for-traffic-incident-management PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 520: Sharing Information between Public Safety and Transportation Agencies for Traffic Incident Management presents lessons learned from around the country on how public safety and transportation agencies share information for managing traffic incidents. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Howard Roberts A2 - Richard Retting A2 - Tom Webb A2 - Ashley Colleary A2 - Brian Turner A2 - Xinge Wang A2 - Roger Toussaint A2 - Gwynn Simpson A2 - Claudia White TI - Improving Safety Culture in Public Transportation DO - 10.17226/22217 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22217/improving-safety-culture-in-public-transportation PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 174: Improving Safety Culture in Public Transportation presents research on the definition of safety culture within public transportation, presents methods and tools for assessing safety culture, and provides strategies and guidelines that public transportation agencies may apply to initiate and build a program for improving safety culture. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Admissibility and Public Availability of Transit Safety Planning Records DO - 10.17226/25144 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25144/admissibility-and-public-availability-of-transit-safety-planning-records PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - In 2012, Congress gave the U.S. Federal Transit Administration (FTA) the authority to establish a new comprehensive framework to oversee the safety of the country’s public transit systems. As part of that framework, state and local transit agencies are required to engage in safety planning. In the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act of 2015, Congress asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to evaluate and provide recommendations on whether it is in the public interest for transit agencies to be allowed to withhold from civil litigation all records developed in compliance with this new federal safety planning requirement.TRB Special Report 326: Admissibility and Public Availability of Transit Safety Planning Records considers the arguments favoring and opposing evidentiary protections for safety planning records and the rationale for Congressional decisions to grant such protections in other transportation modes. The report examines factors that Congress must consider when deciding where the public interest balance lies. They include a desire for transit agencies to engage in high-quality safety planning without fear of the planning records being used against them in court and the preservation of a tort system that deters unsafe conditions and allows injured parties to be justly compensated. Recommendations to Congress and FTA are offered with these and other important factors in mind. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Potential Consequences of Public Release of Food Safety and Inspection Service Establishment-Specific Data SN - DO - 10.17226/13304 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13304/the-potential-consequences-of-public-release-of-food-safety-and-inspection-service-establishment-specific-data PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is the regulatory agency in the US Department of Agriculture that is responsible for ensuring that meat, poultry, and processed egg products produced domestically or imported into the United States are safe, wholesome, and properly labeled. FSIS collects a voluminous amount of data in support of its regulatory functions, but the two major types of FSIS data that are currently being considered for public release are sampling and testing data (derived from standard laboratory tests) and inspection and enforcement data (derived from text written by inspectors). Some of those data are already released to the public in aggregated form but not in disaggregated, establishment-specific form. In recent years, the Obama administration has implemented measures to facilitate openness in government, including the requirement that federal agencies publish information online and provide public access to information in a timely manner; in a form that can be easily retrieved, downloaded, indexed, and searched with tools that are available on the Internet; and without the need for Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests. The Potential Consequences of Public Release of Food Safety and Inspection Service Establishment-Specific Data examines the potential food-safety benefits and other consequences of making establishment-specific data publicly available on the Internet. The report includes how factors such as level of aggregation, timing of release, level of completeness, and characterization of the data or context in which the data are presented might affect their utility in improving food safety. The report also examines potential ways that food-safety benefits and other effects of publicly posting the data might be measured. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Building the Road Safety Profession in the Public Sector: Special Report 289 DO - 10.17226/12019 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12019/building-the-road-safety-profession-in-the-public-sector-special PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure KW - Industry and Labor AB - TRB Special Report 289: Building the Road Safety Profession in the Public Sector examines the growing need for experts at all levels of government to develop and implement systems- and science-based approaches to road safety management. According to the committee that authored the report, the lack of professional recognition and comprehensive road safety education and training opportunities is threatening the ability of public agencies to build the knowledgeable and skilled road safety workforce that is needed to make safety advances. To address this need, the report recommends that the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and the Governors Highway Safety Association forge a broad-based alliance of public, private, and educational organizations to champion the road safety profession. The report recommends that the alliance encourage states to take advantage of federal workforce training funds for the purpose of developing road safety professionals and to advocate comprehensive road safety education and training by universities, including the many publicly funded transportation and safety research centers. In addition, the report urges the alliance to explore the creation of one or more specialized institutes to provide comprehensive instruction and training for road safety professionals. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - 2022 Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Communications Technology Laboratory SN - DO - 10.17226/26778 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26778/2022-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technologys-communications-technology-laboratory PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - At the request of the director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, this report assesses the management of Standards and Technology Communications Technology Laboratory (CTL), focusing on the work, facilities, equipment, personnel, portfolios of scientific expertise, and effective dissemination of the results. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Heather Monteiro, Hickory Ridge Group, LLC TI - Models for Law Enforcement at Airports DO - 10.17226/25893 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25893/models-for-law-enforcement-at-airports PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Each airport and its law enforcement model have a unique set of relationships, operations, and resources.The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 107: Models for Law Enforcement at Airports provides a concise body of knowledge to assist airport management, operators, researchers, and users by detailing the varying types of law enforcement models available to them.The types of airport law enforcement models include airport police, city police, county sheriffs, departments of public safety, and state police. Many airports operate by using layers of law enforcement responses composed of more than one law enforcement model. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Linda Casola TI - Enhancing Urban Sustainability Infrastructure: Mathematical Approaches for Optimizing Investments: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26905 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26905/enhancing-urban-sustainability-infrastructure-mathematical-approaches-for-optimizing-investments-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - The National Academies Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics and Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment convened a 3-day public workshop on July 13, 20, and 27, 2022, to explore state-of-the-art analytical tools that could advance urban sustainability through improved prioritization of public works projects. Invited speakers included people working in urban sustainability, city planning, local public and private infrastructure, asset management, and infrastructure investment; city officials and utility officials; and statisticians, data scientists, mathematicians, economists, computer scientists, and artificial intelligence/machine learning experts. Presentations and workshop discussions provided insights into new research areas that have the potential to advance urban sustainability in public works planning, as well as the barriers to their adoption. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Vaishali Shah A2 - Greg Hatcher A2 - Elizabeth Greer A2 - Janet Fraser A2 - Mark Franz A2 - Kaveh Sadabadi TI - Guidelines for Quantifying Benefits of Traffic Incident Management Strategies DO - 10.17226/26486 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26486/guidelines-for-quantifying-benefits-of-traffic-incident-management-strategies PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Ensuring a coordinated response to highway crashes and other incidents is vital to protecting public safety, keeping traffic moving, and reducing environmental impacts.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 981: Guidelines for Quantifying Benefits of Traffic Incident Management Strategies aims to offer guidance on Traffic Incident Management (TIM) programs, which can vary widely and may have different goals, guidelines, and methods applicable under a variety of data scenarios.Supplemental to the report is NCHRP Web-Only Document 301: Development of Guidelines on Quantifying Benefits of Traffic Incident Management Strategies, an Implementation Plan, and a Summary Presentation. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Amy Benedick A2 - Sharon Levi A2 - Elizabeth Petraglia A2 - Doreen De Leonardis TI - Using Electronic Devices While Driving: Legislation and Enforcement Implications DO - 10.17226/26082 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26082/using-electronic-devices-while-driving-legislation-and-enforcement-implications PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Distracted driving is a complex and ever-increasing risk to public safety on roadways. Drivers’ use of electronic devices significantly diverts human attention resources away from the driving task. The enforcement community faces significant challenges as electronic device use has expanded beyond simply texting or talking. Legislation regulating electronic device use while driving is inconsistent in content and implementation.The TRB Behavioral Traffic Safety Cooperative Research Program's BTSCRP Research Report 1: Using Electronic Devices While Driving: Legislation and Enforcement Implications presents the results of an examination of the current state and provincial legislation on electronic device use while driving; evaluates the benefits and impediments associated with enacting, enforcing, and adjudicating electronic device use; and proposes model legislation and educational materials that can be used by relevant stakeholders to enact a law and educate key individuals on the importance of the law.Supplemental the report is a presentation for law enforcement. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Anne Frances Johnson TI - Pathways to an Equitable and Just Energy Transition: Principles, Best Practices, and Inclusive Stakeholder Engagement: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26935 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26935/pathways-to-an-equitable-and-just-energy-transition-principles-best PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Energy and Energy Conservation KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - While technologies are clearly instrumental in transitioning away from fossil fuel-based energy and toward a decarbonized economy, decisions about which technologies are prioritized, how they are implemented, and the policies that drive these changes will have profound effects on people and communities, with important implications for equity, jobs, environmental and energy justice, health, and more. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Committee on Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions was tasked with assessing the broad range of technological, policy, and societal dimensions of decarbonizing the U.S. economy. The committee produced a 2021 report that provides the U.S. government with a roadmap of equitable and robust decarbonization policies. The next report of the committee will address the broader range of policy actors who play a role in equitable energy transition. To inform its deliberations, the committee hosted a 1-day workshop on July 26, 2022 to discuss critical issues of equity and justice during the energy transition. The goal of the workshop, titled Pathways to an Equitable and Just Transition: Principles, Best Practices, and Inclusive Stakeholder Engagement, was to move beyond energy technologies and elicit ideas and insights to inform the development of principles, best practices, and actionable recommendations for a broad range of policy actors and stakeholders in order to fully operationalize equity, justice, and inclusion. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - An Assessment of the Communications Technology Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fiscal Year 2019 SN - DO - 10.17226/25602 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25602/an-assessment-of-the-communications-technology-laboratory-at-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - An Assessment of the Communications Technology Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fiscal Year 2019 is an independent technical assessment of the quality of the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) Communications Technology Laboratory (CTL). It reviews the organization's technical programs, the portfolio of scientific expertise within the organization, the adequacy of the organization's facilities, equipment, and human resources, and the effectiveness by which the organization disseminates its program outputs. This report focuses on CTL priority areas such as public safety communications, trusted spectrum testing, and Next Generation Wireless (5G and Beyond). It also assesses the extent to which CTL applied the recommendations from a 2015 National Academies' report, which describes many of the critical uses of radio communications, provides lab-specific recommendations, and highlights important research priorities for the Boulder, Colorado communications technology laboratory of the Department of Commerce laboratory. This new report also describes the current activities of the Boulder telecommunications laboratories, its strengths and weaknesses as an organization, and its plans for the near future ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Emergency Evacuation and Sheltering During the COVID-19 Pandemic DO - 10.17226/26084 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26084/emergency-evacuation-and-sheltering-during-the-covid-19-pandemic PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Fundamental shifts in preparedness planning are needed to ensure health, safety, and smooth operations during emergencies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To prepare for emergency events requiring evacuation, it is necessary to revise shelter planning and mass care operations, shelter staffing, and shelter design and operations with a focus on reducing virus transmission and ensuring safety. Developing effective public messaging is also critical during the pandemic and requires advance planning and familiarity with the needs and characteristics of the communities being served. This rapid expert consultation details what is known from research on evacuation behavior, social responses to disaster, and risk communication, as well as lessons learned from emergency managers, public health departments, local officials, and human service providers, as the second year of the pandemic unfolds. It includes strategies for (1) evacuation plans, (2) sheltering operations, and (3) risk communication best practices for public officials confronting hazards and disasters. The Societal Experts Action Network (SEAN) is an activity of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine that is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. SEAN links researchers in the social, behavioral, and economic sciences with decision makers to respond to policy questions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. This project is affiliated with the National Academies' Standing Committee on Emerging Infectious Diseases and 21st Century Health Threats. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - C. Daniel Prather TI - Impacts of COVID-19 on Airport Work Models and Strategies DO - 10.17226/27235 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27235/impacts-of-covid-19-on-airport-work-models-and-strategies PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, airport operators had to develop strategies that maintained operations while ensuring employee safety and public health. Though not all airport-related tasks can be performed from remote worksites, many airports identified tasks that could be performed remotely. ACRP Synthesis 126: Impacts of COVID-19 on Airport Work Models and Strategies, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, provides information on those airports that experimented in remote work, provides options for airports that did not participate in remote work, and identifies emerging trends. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Larry W. Thomas TI - Policing and Public Transportation DO - 10.17226/26652 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26652/policing-and-public-transportation PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Compliance with transit-equipment and operations guidelines, FTA financing initiatives, private-sector programs, and labor or environmental standards relating to transit operations are some of the legal issues and problems unique to transit agencies.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Legal Research Digest 58: Policing and Public Transportation provides a comprehensive analysis of constitutional issues and summarizes current laws and practices that apply to policing by public transportation agencies.Supplemental to the Digest is Appendix A: Agreements, Policies, Reports, and Other Documents Provided by Public Transportation Authorities for the Report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Between Public and Private Mobility: Examining the Rise of Technology-Enabled Transportation Services DO - 10.17226/21875 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21875/between-public-and-private-mobility-examining-the-rise-of-technology-enabled-transportation-services PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB Special Report 319: Between Public and Private Mobility: Examining the Rise of Technology-Enabled Transportation Services analyzes how innovative transportation services, including ridesharing, carsharing, bikesharing, and microtransit, are changing mobility for millions of travelers. Such services could reduce congestion and emissions from surface transportation if regulated wisely to encourage concurrent, rather than sequential, ride sharing. Rapidly growing transportation network companies (TNCs), like Uber and Lyft, however, are disrupting conventional taxi and limousine services and raise policy challenges regarding personal security and public safety, insurance requirements, employment and labor issues, and accessibility and equity. The committee’s report offers guidance to state and local officials responsible for policy setting and regulation of for-hire transportation services in each of these areas. The report also addresses the need for greater consistency in regulations across jurisdictions and calls for TNCs to share more information about the volume, frequency, and types of trips being provided to allow for informed regulation and planning of transportation services. Report appendixes are available online only: • Appendix A: Taxonomy of Established and Emerging Personal Transportation Services • Appendix B: Taxi, Sedan, and Limousine Industries and Regulations, by Bruce Schaller • Appendix C: Bikesharing Safety and Helmet Use Supplemental information includes a:• Press release• Recorded webcast taped on January 13, 2016 at the TRB Annual Meeting• Report in Brief• Slider on 10 Facts about Using Uber, Lyft, or Taxis • TRNews article ER - TY - BOOK TI - Public Safety: A Growing Factor in Modern Design: A Symposium Held at the Fifth Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Engineering DO - 10.17226/20492 PY - 1970 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20492/public-safety-a-growing-factor-in-modern-design-a-symposium PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Environment and Environmental Studies ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Mohamed K. ElBatanouny A2 - Kathleen A. Hawkins A2 - Paul D. Krauss TI - Practices for Bridge Approach Systems DO - 10.17226/26196 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26196/practices-for-bridge-approach-systems PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Bridge approach systems are used by state departments of transportation (DOTs) to form a smooth transition between the roadway and bridges. Adequate performance of bridge approaches is of extreme importance to transportation agencies as they affect both safety and the public perception of ride quality if the transition is not smooth.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Synthesis 566: Practices for Bridge Approach Systems documents the current state of the practice at state DOTs related to the design, construction, and maintenance of bridge approach systems. State DOT design guides and standard specifications were reviewed as part of the information-gathering process. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Telecommunications Research and Engineering at the Communications Technology Laboratory of the Department of Commerce: Meeting the Nation's Telecommunications Needs SN - DO - 10.17226/21828 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21828/telecommunications-research-and-engineering-at-the-communications-technology-laboratory-of-the-department-of-commerce PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - The Department of Commerce operates two telecommunications research laboratories located at the Department of Commerce's Boulder, Colorado, campus: the National Telecommunications and Information Administration's (NTIA's) Institute for Telecommunications Sciences (ITS) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) Communications Technology Laboratory (CTL). CTL develops appropriate measurements and standards to enable interoperable public safety communications, effective and efficient spectrum use and sharing, and advanced communication technologies. CTL is a newly organized laboratory within NIST, formed mid-2014. As it is new and its planned work represents a departure from that carried out by the elements of which it was composed, this study focuses on its available resources and future plans rather than past work. The Boulder telecommunications laboratories currently play an important role in the economic vitality of the country and can play an even greater role given the importance of access to spectrum and spectrum sharing to the wireless networking and mobile cellular industries. Research advances are needed to ensure the continued evolution and enhancement of the connected world the public has come to expect. ER -