TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Brett Moulding A2 - Nancy Songer A2 - Kerry Brenner TI - Science and Engineering for Grades 6-12: Investigation and Design at the Center SN - DO - 10.17226/25216 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25216/science-and-engineering-for-grades-6-12-investigation-and-design PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - It is essential for today's students to learn about science and engineering in order to make sense of the world around them and participate as informed members of a democratic society. The skills and ways of thinking that are developed and honed through engaging in scientific and engineering endeavors can be used to engage with evidence in making personal decisions, to participate responsibly in civic life, and to improve and maintain the health of the environment, as well as to prepare for careers that use science and technology. The majority of Americans learn most of what they know about science and engineering as middle and high school students. During these years of rapid change for students' knowledge, attitudes, and interests, they can be engaged in learning science and engineering through schoolwork that piques their curiosity about the phenomena around them in ways that are relevant to their local surroundings and to their culture. Many decades of education research provide strong evidence for effective practices in teaching and learning of science and engineering. One of the effective practices that helps students learn is to engage in science investigation and engineering design. Broad implementation of science investigation and engineering design and other evidence-based practices in middle and high schools can help address present-day and future national challenges, including broadening access to science and engineering for communities who have traditionally been underrepresented and improving students' educational and life experiences. Science and Engineering for Grades 6-12: Investigation and Design at the Center revisits America's Lab Report: Investigations in High School Science in order to consider its discussion of laboratory experiences and teacher and school readiness in an updated context. It considers how to engage today's middle and high school students in doing science and engineering through an analysis of evidence and examples. This report provides guidance for teachers, administrators, creators of instructional resources, and leaders in teacher professional learning on how to support students as they make sense of phenomena, gather and analyze data/information, construct explanations and design solutions, and communicate reasoning to self and others during science investigation and engineering design. It also provides guidance to help educators get started with designing, implementing, and assessing investigation and design. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Elizabeth A. Davis A2 - Amy Stephens TI - Science and Engineering in Preschool Through Elementary Grades: The Brilliance of Children and the Strengths of Educators SN - DO - 10.17226/26215 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26215/science-and-engineering-in-preschool-through-elementary-grades-the-brilliance PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Starting in early childhood, children are capable of learning sophisticated science and engineering concepts and engage in disciplinary practices. They are deeply curious about the world around them and eager to investigate the many questions they have about their environment. Educators can develop learning environments that support the development and demonstration of proficiencies in science and engineering, including making connections across the contexts of learning, which can help children see their ideas, interests, and practices as meaningful not just for school, but also in their lives. Unfortunately, in many preschool and elementary schools science gets relatively little attention compared to English language arts and mathematics. In addition, many early childhood and elementary teachers do not have extensive grounding in science and engineering content. Science and Engineering in Preschool through Elementary Grades provides evidence-based guidance on effective approaches to preschool through elementary science and engineering instruction that supports the success of all students. This report evaluates the state of the evidence on learning experiences prior to school; promising instructional approaches and what is needed for implementation to include teacher professional development, curriculum, and instructional materials; and the policies and practices at all levels that constrain or facilitate efforts to enhance preschool through elementary science and engineering. Building a solid foundation in science and engineering in the elementary grades sets the stage for later success, both by sustaining and enhancing students' natural enthusiasm for science and engineering and by establishing the knowledge and skills they need to approach the more challenging topics introduced in later grades. Through evidence-based guidance on effective approaches to preschool through elementary science and engineering instruction, this report will help teachers to support the success of all students. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - James C. McGroddy A2 - Herbert S. Lin TI - A Review of the FBI's Trilogy Information Technology Modernization Program SN - DO - 10.17226/10991 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10991/a-review-of-the-fbis-trilogy-information-technology-modernization-program PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics AB - The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is in the process of developing a modern information technology (IT) system—the Trilogy program— that is designed to provide a high-speed network, modern workstations and software, and an application—the Virtual Case File (VCF)—to enhance the ability of agents to organize, access, and analyze information. Implementation of this system has encountered substantial difficulties, however, and has been the subject of much investigation and congressional concern. To help address these problems, the FBI asked the National Research Council (NRC) to undertake a quick review of the program and the progress that has been made to date. This report presents that review. The current status of four major aspects of the program—the enterprise architecture, system design, program management, and human resources—are discussed, and recommendations are presented to address the problems. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Resources for Clinical Investigation: Report of a Study DO - 10.17226/9931 PY - 1988 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9931/resources-for-clinical-investigation-report-of-a-study PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Gonzalo R. Rada A2 - David J. Jones A2 - John T. Harvey A2 - Kevin A. Senn A2 - Mark Thomas TI - Guide for Conducting Forensic Investigations of Highway Pavements DO - 10.17226/22507 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22507/guide-for-conducting-forensic-investigations-of-highway-pavements PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 747: Guide for Conducting Forensic Investigations of Highway Pavements explores a process for conducting forensic investigations of pavements that is designed to help understand the reasons behind premature failures or exceptionally good performance. The process also allows for the collection of data for use in developing or calibrating performance-prediction models.The report includes example forms and checklists for use during the conduct of an investigation. These forms can be modified to suit the particular requirements and procedures for the agency. The example forms are included with the print version of the report in CD-ROM format.The CD-ROM is also available for download from TRB’s website as an ISO image. Links to the ISO image and instructions for burning a CD-ROM from an ISO image are provided below.Help on Burning an .ISO CD-ROM ImageDownload the .ISO CD-ROM Image(Warning: This is a large file and may take some time to download using a high-speed connection.)CD-ROM Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - James C. McGroddy A2 - Herbert S. Lin TI - Letter Report to the FBI DO - 10.17226/11027 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11027/letter-report-to-the-fbi PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English AB - This letter report presents a review of actions taken by the FBI that address many of the concerns discussed in the NRC report, A Review of the FBI’s Trilogy Information Technology Modernization Program. That report was released in early May. The letter report presents the NRC assessment of those steps, noting where progress is apparent in addressing earlier concerns and where additional efforts are needed. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Microphysiological Systems: Bridging Human and Animal Research: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/26124 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26124/microphysiological-systems-bridging-human-and-animal-research-proceedings-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences AB - Microphysiological systems (MPS) are complex, multi-cellular in vitro systems that commonly include three-dimensional aspects, fluid flow, changing pressure or stretch, and multi-organ interactions. These systems are being developed to better mimic some aspects of specific organ systems or combinations of organ systems to improve upon standard two-dimensional cell systems, with the goal of eventually replacing animal models being used for hazard identification, risk assessment, and disease modeling, among other uses. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine convened a workshop to discuss current progress in developing MPS that realistically model in vivo animal and human physiology and to strategize about the potential to establish sustainable human and animal MPS banks. Speakers discussed how MPS fit within the portfolio of tools used in their fields of expertise, the limitations and areas of needed improvement for MPS, and how MPS may be used in the future as the technology develops. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Evaluation of the Federal Railroad Administration Research and Development Program DO - 10.17226/21735 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21735/evaluation-of-the-federal-railroad-administration-research-and-development-program PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB Special Report 316: Evaluation of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Research and Development Program assesses the effectiveness of the FRA's process for identifying research priorities and the usefulness of FRA’s Research and Development (R&D) products for improving railroad safety. The study was conducted at the request of the FRA.The committee evaluated the performance of four Office of R&D divisions: Track and Structures, Rolling Stock, Train Control and Communications, and Human Factors. The committee also evaluated the R&D support functions of planning, evaluation, and management. Evaluation criteria included the extent to which FRA R&D activities are based on an understanding of industry and FRA needs and priorities; benefit from communication with relevant parties within and beyond FRA; and yield products that are high quality, applicable, and have demonstrable benefits.The committee concluded that the overall productivity of the R&D program appears good and that the program appears well focused on safety. It offered recommendations for ways to strengthen the program in the areas of communications with industry and the Office of Railroad Safety, priority-setting, strategic planning, and project evaluation. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Report Series: Committee on Astrobiology and Planetary Science: Review of the Commercial Aspects of NASA SMD's Lunar Science and Exploration Initiative SN - DO - 10.17226/25374 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25374/report-series-committee-on-astrobiology-and-planetary-science-review-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - On December 11, 2017, President Donald Trump signed Space Policy Directive-1 (SPD-1). The new directive replaced original text in the National Space Policy of the United States of America and instructed the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to "lead the return of humans to the Moon for long-term exploration and utilization, followed by human missions to Mars and other destinations". In response to and in support of the vision expressed in SPD-1, the first report reviewed decadal and other community-guided lunar science priorities as context for NASA’s current lunar plans and then presented and evaluated the actions being taken by NASA’s Planetary Science Division (PSD) to support lunar science. At the request of NASA PSD, this second report explores plans for commercial partnerships, lunar infrastructure development, and related aspects of NASA’s lunar science and exploration initiative. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Science Management in the Human Exploration of Space SN - DO - 10.17226/5841 PY - 1997 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5841/science-management-in-the-human-exploration-of-space PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Jessica Townsend TI - Strengthening Research in Academic OB/GYN Departments SN - DO - 10.17226/1970 PY - 1992 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1970/strengthening-research-in-academic-obgyn-departments PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Research conducted in academic departments of obstetrics and gynecology could result in substantial improvements in the health of women and the outcomes of pregnancy. Strengthening Research in Academic OB/GYN Departments determines whether such departments are capable of fulfilling this promise. The committee finds that these departments have a poor track record in their ability to compete for research funds and in the extent to which their faculty contribute to research. Adding to the problem are factors that deter OB/GYNs from a research career and a dearth of dynamic research leaders in the profession. The volume explores reasons for this situation and makes recommendations to counteract them. Also included is an agenda of needed research. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Transportation Knowledge Networks: A Management Strategy for the 21st Century -- Special Report 284 DO - 10.17226/11569 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11569/transportation-knowledge-networks-a-management-strategy-for-the-21st-century PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - AB - TRB Special Report 284, Transportation Knowledge Networks: A Management Strategy for the 21st Century examines how transportation information should be managed and provided. The report provides strategic advice to the federal government and the states regarding a sustainable administrative structure and funding mechanism for meeting the information service needs of the transportation sector. The report identifies the core services that need to be provided, how those services should be provided, and funding options to support those services. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Rapid Expert Consultation on Understanding Causes of Health Care Worker Deaths Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic (December 10, 2020) DO - 10.17226/26018 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26018/rapid-expert-consultation-on-understanding-causes-of-health-care-worker-deaths-due-to-the-covid-19-pandemic-december-10-2020 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The COVID-19 pandemic has created both acute and chronic stresses on the health care system and on health care personnel nationwide. At present, the nation lacks a uniform system to collect, collate, and report illnesses and deaths among health care workers due to COVID-19, and only a few studies report on efforts to improve the health and well-being of health care workers. At the request of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, this rapid expert consultation reviews current resources and methods for tracking and evaluating health care worker deaths related to COVID-19 in the health care setting. This rapid expert consultation also examines some ways to support health care worker well-being and safety during the pandemic. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Assessment of Solar System Exploration Programs--1991 DO - 10.17226/12323 PY - 1991 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12323/assessment-of-solar-system-exploration-programs-1991 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Space Technology for the New Century SN - DO - 10.17226/6068 PY - 1998 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6068/space-technology-for-the-new-century PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - David A. Noyce A2 - Zhixia Li A2 - Kevin Chesnik A2 - Alyssa Macy A2 - Xiao Qin TI - Guide for Effective Tribal Crash Reporting DO - 10.17226/22267 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22267/guide-for-effective-tribal-crash-reporting PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 788: Guide for Effective Tribal Crash Reporting presents guidance for state agencies and tribal leaders in effective crash reporting. The guidebook reviews the root causes of issues and deficiencies related to tribal crash reporting, and highlights best practices, success stories, lessons learned, published literature, and data from tribes and states that were involved in the data collection and analysis phase of this project.The guide is accompanied by a CD containing a supplemental report documenting the research approach and findings, and flyers intended for use as handouts and reference material at meetings, conferences, and events.The CD-ROM is also available for download from TRB’s website as an ISO image. Links to the ISO image and instructions for burning a CD-ROM from an ISO image are provided below.Help on Burning an .ISO CD-ROM ImageDownload the .ISO CD-ROM Image(Warning: This is a large file and may take some time to download using a high-speed connection.)CD-ROM Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Guidance for Transportation Agencies on Managing Sensitive Information DO - 10.17226/23417 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23417/guidance-for-transportation-agencies-on-managing-sensitive-information PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 525: Surface Transportation Security, Volume 5: Guidance for Transportation Agencies on Managing Sensitive Information provides basic information on identifying and controlling access to sensitive information.NCHRP Report 525: Surface Transportation Security is a series in which relevant information is assembled into single, concise volumes—each pertaining to a specific security problem and closely related issues. The volumes focus on the concerns that transportation agencies are addressing when developing programs in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks that followed. Future volumes of the report will be issued as they are completed. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council TI - BioWatch and Public Health Surveillance: Evaluating Systems for the Early Detection of Biological Threats: Abbreviated Version SN - DO - 10.17226/12688 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12688/biowatch-and-public-health-surveillance-evaluating-systems-for-the-early PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Following the attacks of September 11, 2001 and the anthrax letters, the ability to detect biological threats as quickly as possible became a top priority. In 2003 the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) introduced the BioWatch program—a federal monitoring system intended to speed detection of specific biological agents that could be released in aerosolized form during a biological attack. The present volume evaluates the costs and merits of both the current BioWatch program and the plans for a new generation of BioWatch devices. BioWatch and Public Health Surveillance also examines infectious disease surveillance through hospitals and public health agencies in the United States, and considers whether BioWatch and traditional infectious disease surveillance are redundant or complementary. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Nancy Kober A2 - Heidi Carlone A2 - Elizabeth A. Davis A2 - Ximena Dominguez A2 - Eve Manz A2 - Carla Zembal-Saul A2 - Amy Stephens A2 - Heidi Schweingruber TI - Rise and Thrive with Science: Teaching PK-5 Science and Engineering SN - DO - 10.17226/26853 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26853/rise-and-thrive-with-science-teaching-pk-5-science-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Research shows that that children learn science and engineering subjects best by engaging from an early age in the kinds of practices used by real scientists and engineers. By doing science and engineering, children not only develop and refine their understanding of the core ideas and crosscutting concepts of these disciplines, but can also be empowered to use their growing understanding to make sense of questions and problems relevant to them. This approach can make learning more meaningful, equitable, and lasting. Using cases and shorter examples, Rise and Thrive with Science shows what high-quality teaching and learning in science and engineering can look like for preschool and elementary school children. Through analyses of these examples and summaries of research findings, the guide points out the key elements of a coherent, research-grounded approach to teaching and learning in science and engineering. This guide also discusses the kinds of support that educators need to implement effective and equitable instruction for all children. This book will provide inspiration for practitioners at the preschool and elementary levels to try new strategies for science and engineering education, whatever their level of experience. Rise and Thrive with Science will be an essential guide for teachers as they organize instruction to enable young children to carry out their own science investigations and engineering design projects, determine the kinds of instruction that lead to meaningful learning, and try to engage every one of their students. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council A2 - Alexandra Beatty A2 - Kimberly Scott A2 - Peggy Tsai TI - Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/12522 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12522/achieving-sustainable-global-capacity-for-surveillance-and-response-to-emerging-diseases-of-zoonotic-origin PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Agriculture AB - One of the biggest threats today is the uncertainty surrounding the emergence of a novel pathogen or the re-emergence of a known infectious disease that might result in disease outbreaks with great losses of human life and immense global economic consequences. Over the past six decades, most of the emerging infectious disease events in humans have been caused by zoonotic pathogens--those infectious agents that are transmitted from animals to humans. In June 2008, the Institute of Medicine's and National Research Council's Committee on Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin convened a workshop. This workshop addressed the reasons for the transmission of zoonotic disease and explored the current global capacity for zoonotic disease surveillance. ER -