TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Securing the Vote: Protecting American Democracy SN - DO - 10.17226/25120 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25120/securing-the-vote-protecting-american-democracy PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - During the 2016 presidential election, America's election infrastructure was targeted by actors sponsored by the Russian government. Securing the Vote: Protecting American Democracy examines the challenges arising out of the 2016 federal election, assesses current technology and standards for voting, and recommends steps that the federal government, state and local governments, election administrators, and vendors of voting technology should take to improve the security of election infrastructure. In doing so, the report provides a vision of voting that is more secure, accessible, reliable, and verifiable. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jonathan Samet A2 - Autumn Downey A2 - Olivia C. Yost TI - Frameworks for Protecting Workers and the Public from Inhalation Hazards SN - DO - 10.17226/26372 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26372/frameworks-for-protecting-workers-and-the-public-from-inhalation-hazards PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Individuals in the United States and Americans abroad are exposed to inhalation hazards from a variety of sources, and these hazards can have both short- and long-term adverse effects on health. For example, exposure to wildfire smoke, which contains particulate matter and toxic chemicals, can lead to respiratory problems, increased risk for heart attacks, and other adverse health outcomes. Individuals also may be exposed to airborne infectious agents through aerosol or droplet transmission, and as demonstrated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the individual and public health consequences of these exposures can be severe. Storms, floods, and hurricanes can increase exposure to moisture-driven hazards, such as mold, and to accidental releases from production facilities or transport vehicles that may result in chemical exposures. The current regulatory system is focused primarily on ensuring access to respiratory protection in occupational settings characterized by well-defined hazards and employer-employee relationships. With this narrow regulatory focus, the respiratory protection needs of the public and many workers are not being met. As climate change increases the incidence and severity of wildfires, hurricanes, floods, infectious disease outbreaks, and other phenomena that impact air quality and human health, it is imperative that the United States ensure that the respiratory protection needs of the public and all workers are met. Recognizing the urgent need to address the gaps in the nation's ability to meet the respiratory protection needs of the public and workers without workplace respiratory protection programs, this report makes recommendations for a framework of responsibilities and authorities that would provide a unified and authoritative source of information and effective oversight for the development, approval, and use of respiratory protection. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Protecting U.S. Technological Advantage SN - DO - 10.17226/26647 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26647/protecting-us-technological-advantage PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - U.S. leadership in technology innovation is central to our nation’s interests, including its security, economic prosperity, and quality of life. Our nation has created a science and technology ecosystem that fosters innovation, risk taking, and the discovery of new ideas that lead to new technologies through robust collaborations across and within academia, industry, and government, and our research and development enterprise has attracted the best and brightest scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs from around the world. The quality and openness of our research enterprise have been the basis of our global leadership in technological innovation, which has brought enormous advantages to our national interests. In today’s rapidly changing landscapes of technology and competition, however, the assumption that the United States will continue to hold a dominant competitive position by depending primarily on its historical approach of identifying specific and narrow technology areas requiring controls or restrictions is not valid. Further challenging that approach is the proliferation of highly integrated and globally shared platforms that power and enable most modern technology applications. To review the protection of technologies that have strategic importance for national security in an era of openness and competition, Protecting U.S. Technological Advantage considers policies and practices related to the production and commercialization of research in domains critical to national security. This report makes recommendations for changes to technology protection policies and practices that reflect the current realities of how technologies are developed and incorporated into new products and processes. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Improving Democracy Assistance: Building Knowledge Through Evaluations and Research SN - DO - 10.17226/12164 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12164/improving-democracy-assistance-building-knowledge-through-evaluations-and-research PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - Over the past 25 years, the United States has made support for the spread of democracy to other nations an increasingly important element of its national security policy. These efforts have created a growing demand to find the most effective means to assist in building and strengthening democratic governance under varied conditions. Since 1990, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has supported democracy and governance (DG) programs in approximately 120 countries and territories, spending an estimated total of $8.47 billion (in constant 2000 U.S. dollars) between 1990 and 2005. Despite these substantial expenditures, our understanding of the actual impacts of USAID DG assistance on progress toward democracy remains limited—and is the subject of much current debate in the policy and scholarly communities. This book, by the National Research Council, provides a roadmap to enable USAID and its partners to assess what works and what does not, both retrospectively and in the future through improved monitoring and evaluation methods and rebuilding USAID's internal capacity to build, absorb, and act on improved knowledge. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kat M. Anderson TI - COVID-19, Health Equity, and the Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Communities: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/26700 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26700/covid-19-health-equity-and-the-asian-american-native-hawaiian-and-pacific-islander-communities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Communities of color have been among the hardest hit by the COVID virus. Less is known, however, about infection and vaccination rates in the different populations that make up the Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AA/NH/PI) communities. In at least 16 states that do disaggregate their data, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders have the highest mortality rates. Additionally, reports of incidents of xenophobia and violence against AANHPI community members, particularly women, became more frequent during the pandemic. Finally, there is a lack of data on AANHPI health and well-being in comparison to other groups, which will make it more difficult to correct these disparities in the future. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity planned and hosted a 2-day public workshop in December 2021 titled COVID-19, Health Equity, and the Asian American, Pacific Islander, and Native Hawaiian Communities. The workshop focused on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the unique obstacles faced by the AANHPI communities in achieving health equity. This Proceedings of a Workshop-In Brief summarizes the events covered in the workshop discussions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kat M. Anderson TI - Contact Tracing and the Challenges of Health Equity in Vulnerable Latino and Native American Communities: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/26174 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26174/contact-tracing-and-the-challenges-of-health-equity-in-vulnerable-latino-and-native-american-communities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Communities of color are experiencing significantly higher rates of COVID-19 infection and significantly higher mortality rates when compared to white Americans. It is critical that contact tracing efforts are executed in ways that are appropriate to those communities experiencing a greater burden of COVID-19. In some cases these efforts should take into account the distrust some communities have in health care systems and providers. Other issues relevant to contact tracing include language, cultural competency, health literacy, stigma, and privacy concerns, particularly in multigenerational households. Furthermore, contact tracers may identify individuals who lack access to care and/or health insurance, or the supportive services needed to isolate if they test positive, and some individuals will be residents without documentation. Recruiting and building a new cadre of contact tracers should meet the immediate goal of addressing the pandemic, but attention could also be paid to building a public health infrastructure in communities that supports health equity. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity hosted a public webinar titled, Doing It Right: Contact Tracing and Health Equity, on July 30, 2020, which focused on the role of contact tracing for vulnerable groups, in this case, Native Americans and Latino communities, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This publication provides a summary of the discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Richard Celeste A2 - Dick Thornburgh A2 - Herbert Lin TI - Asking the Right Questions About Electronic Voting SN - DO - 10.17226/11449 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11449/asking-the-right-questions-about-electronic-voting PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Many election officials look to electronic voting systems as a means for improving their ability to more effectively conduct and administer elections. At the same time, many information technologists and activists have raised important concerns regarding the security of such systems. Policy makers are caught in the midst of a controversy with both political and technological overtones. The public debate about electronic voting is characterized by a great deal of emotion and rhetoric. Asking the Right Questions About Electronic Voting describes the important questions and issues that election officials, policy makers, and informed citizens should ask about the use of computers and information technology in the electoral process—focusing the debate on technical and policy issues that need resolving. The report finds that while electronic voting systems have improved, federal and state governments have not made the commitment necessary for e-voting to be widely used in future elections. More funding, research, and public education are required if e-voting is to become viable. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Letter Report on Electronic Voting DO - 10.17226/11704 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11704/letter-report-on-electronic-voting PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English AB - In September 2005, the NRC released a report, Asking the Right Questions about Electronic Voting, which provided an extensive list of questions that must be addressed about the use of electronic information technology in election administration. In May 2006, the NRC held a workshop that addressed progress that has been made since the publication of that report. This letter report summarizes the workshop and notes that many of the issues raised in the first report remain open and quite fluid as the nation approaches the 2006 election. The letter report presents a review of the current status of preparation for and a set of emerging factors that are likely to effect the election, and a series of recommendations to assist preparations and address these factors. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Gillian J. Buckley A2 - Guy H. Palmer TI - Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Protecting the Miracle of Modern Medicine SN - DO - 10.17226/26350 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26350/combating-antimicrobial-resistance-and-protecting-the-miracle-of-modern-medicine PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Antimicrobial resistance is a health problem that threatens to undermine almost a century of medical progress. Moreover, it is a global problem that requires action both in the United States and internationally. Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Protecting the Miracle of Modern Medicine discusses ways to improve detection of resistant infections in the United States and abroad, including monitoring environmental reservoirs of resistance. This report sets out a strategy for improving stewardship and preventing infections in humans and animals. The report also discusses the strength of the pipeline for new antimicrobial medicines and steps that could be taken to bring a range of preventive and therapeutic products for humans and animals to the market. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Erin Forstag TI - Intergenerational Poverty and Mobility Among Native Americans in the United States: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/26909 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26909/intergenerational-poverty-and-mobility-among-native-americans-in-the-united-states PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - On July 22 and 25, 2022, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held an information gathering meeting titled, Intergenerational Poverty and Mobility Among Native Americans in the U.S. The meeting was held to inform the future consensus report of the National Academies Committee on Policies and Programs to Reduce Intergenerational Poverty. Building on the findings of the 2019 report, A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty, this ad hoc committee was convened by the Board on Children, Youth, and Families to identify policies and programs with the potential to reduce long-term, intergenerational poverty. The harmful effects of living in poverty during childhood can entrench families and communities in poverty, leading to the transmission of poverty from one generation to the next. This cycle has a disproportionate effect on Native American families. This public information-gathering meeting was held to engage with leaders, researchers, and practitioners on issues surrounding intergenerational poverty and mobility among Native American families in the United States, including exploring key structural determinants of entrenched poverty and promising interventions designed to address those determinants. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kathleen M. Rasmussen A2 - Ann L. Yaktine A2 - Katherine M. Delaney A2 - Emily A. Callahan TI - Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: Final Report SN - DO - 10.17226/26653 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26653/evaluating-the-process-to-develop-the-dietary-guidelines-for-americans-2020-2025 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - In response to a request from Congress, the Health and Medicine Division of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conducted a study comparing the process to develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 (DGA 2020-2025) to recommendations included in the previously published National Academies report, Redesigning the Process for Establishing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This report describes the findings of the committee and conclusions related to this assessment. Notably, this report does not evaluate the merits of the DGA 2020-2025 but evaluates the process by which they were created relative to the recommendations made in the previously published National Academies report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Erin Hammers Forstag TI - Intergenerational Poverty and Mobility Among Native Americans in the United States: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26903 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26903/intergenerational-poverty-and-mobility-among-native-americans-in-the-united-states PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Experiencing poverty during childhood can lead to lasting harmful effects in which poverty is passed on to future generations - a cycle that disproportionately affects Native American families. To identify policies and programs that can reduce long-term, intergenerational poverty among Native Americans in the United States, the Board on Children, Youth, and Families held information-gathering sessions on July 22, 2022 and July 25, 2022. In these sessions, key historical and structural factors that lead to entrenched poverty were examined as well as promising interventions for addressing them. Importantly, these sessions included a conversation with community leaders on their experiences with and work on intergenerational poverty as well as key data and trends on this topic. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kathleen M. Rasmussen A2 - Ann L. Yaktine A2 - Katherine M. Delaney TI - Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: A Midcourse Report SN - DO - 10.17226/26406 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26406/evaluating-the-process-to-develop-the-dietary-guidelines-for-americans-2020-2025 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - This midcourse report provides an initial assessment of how the process used to develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 (DGA) compares to the recommendations in the 2017 National Academies report on redesigning the process for establishing the DGA. It also assesses the criteria and processes for including the scientific studies used to develop the guidelines. The scope of this study was to address the process and not the content of the guidelines. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Mary C. Waters A2 - Marisa Gerstein Pineau TI - The Integration of Immigrants into American Society SN - DO - 10.17226/21746 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21746/the-integration-of-immigrants-into-american-society PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The United States prides itself on being a nation of immigrants, and the country has a long history of successfully absorbing people from across the globe. The integration of immigrants and their children contributes to our economic vitality and our vibrant and ever changing culture. We have offered opportunities to immigrants and their children to better themselves and to be fully incorporated into our society and in exchange immigrants have become Americans - embracing an American identity and citizenship, protecting our country through service in our military, fostering technological innovation, harvesting its crops, and enriching everything from the nation's cuisine to its universities, music, and art. Today, the 41 million immigrants in the United States represent 13.1 percent of the U.S. population. The U.S.-born children of immigrants, the second generation, represent another 37.1 million people, or 12 percent of the population. Thus, together the first and second generations account for one out of four members of the U.S. population. Whether they are successfully integrating is therefore a pressing and important question. Are new immigrants and their children being well integrated into American society, within and across generations? Do current policies and practices facilitate their integration? How is American society being transformed by the millions of immigrants who have arrived in recent decades? To answer these questions, this new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine summarizes what we know about how immigrants and their descendants are integrating into American society in a range of areas such as education, occupations, health, and language. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Export Control Challenges Associated with Securing the Homeland SN - DO - 10.17226/13369 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13369/export-control-challenges-associated-with-securing-the-homeland PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The "homeland" security mission of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is paradoxical: Its mission space is uniquely focused on the domestic consequences of security threats, but these threats may be international in origin, organization, and implementation. The DHS is responsible for the domestic security implications of threats to the United States posed, in part, through the global networks of which the United States is a part. While the security of the U.S. air transportation network could be increased if it were isolated from connections to the larger international network, doing so would be a highly destructive step for the entire fabric of global commerce and the free movement of people. Instead, the U.S. government, led by DHS, is taking a leadership role in the process of protecting the global networks in which the United States participates. These numerous networks are both real (e.g., civil air transport, international ocean shipping, postal services, international air freight) and virtual (the Internet, international financial payments system), and they have become vital elements of the U.S. economy and civil society. Export Control Challenges Associated with Securing the Homeland found that outdated regulations are not uniquely responsible for the problems that export controls post to DHS, although they are certainly an integral part of the picture. This report also explains that the source of these problems lies within a policy process that has yet to take into account the unique mission of DHS relative to export controls. Export Control Challenges Associated with Securing the Homeland explains the need by the Department of Defense and State to recognize the international nature of DHS's vital statutory mission, the need to further develop internal processes at DHS to meet export control requirements and implement export control policies, as well as the need to reform the export control interagency process in ways that enable DHS to work through the U.S. export control process to cooperate with its foreign counterparts. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering A2 - Proctor Reid A2 - Steve Olson TI - Protecting National Park Soundscapes SN - DO - 10.17226/18336 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18336/protecting-national-park-soundscapes PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - America's national parks provide a wealth of experiences to millions of people every year. What visitors see—landscapes, wildlife, cultural activities—often lingers in memory for life. And what they hear adds a dimension that sight alone cannot provide. Natural sounds can dramatically enhance visitors' experience of many aspects of park environments. In some settings, such as the expanses of Yellowstone National Park, they can even be the best way to enjoy wildlife, because animals can be heard at much greater distances than they can be seen. Sounds can also be a natural complement to natural scenes, whether the rush of water over a rocky streambed or a ranger's explanation of a park's history. In other settings, such as the New Orleans Jazz National Historical Park, sounds are the main reason for visiting a park. The acoustical environment is also important to the well-being of the parks themselves. Many species of wildlife depend on their hearing to find prey or avoid predators. If they cannot hear, their survival is jeopardized—and the parks where they live may in turn lose part of their natural heritage. For all these reasons it is important to be aware of noise (defined as unwanted sound, and in this case usually generated by humans or machinery), which can degrade the acoustical environment, or soundscape, of parks. Just as smog smudges the visual horizon, noise obscures the listening horizon for both visitors and wildlife. This is especially true in places, such as remote wilderness areas, where extremely low sound levels are common. The National Park Service (NPS) has determined that park facilities, operations, and maintenance activities produce a substantial portion of noise in national parks and thus recognizes the need to provide park managers with guidance for protecting the natural soundscape from such noise. Therefore, the focus of the workshop was to define what park managers can do to control noise from facilities, operations, and maintenance, and not on issues such as the effects of noise on wildlife, noise metrics, and related topics. To aid in this effort, NPS joined with the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and with the US Department of Transportation's John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center to hold a workshop to examine the challenges and opportunities facing the nation's array of parks. Entitled "Protecting National Park Soundscapes: Best Available Technologies and Practices for Reducing Park- Generated Noise," the workshop took place October 3-4, 2012, at NPS's Natural Resource Program Center in Fort Collins, Colorado. Protecting National Park Soundscapes is a summary of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Sujai Shivakumar A2 - Gail Cohen TI - Securing Advanced Manufacturing in the United States: The Role of Manufacturing USA: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/24875 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24875/securing-advanced-manufacturing-in-the-united-states-the-role-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor AB - The Manufacturing USA initiative seeks to reinforce U.S.-based advanced manufacturing through partnerships among industry, academia, and government. Started in 2012 and established with bipartisan support by the Revitalize American Manufacturing and Innovation Act of 2014, the initiative envisages a nationwide network of research centers for manufacturing innovation. As of May 2017, 14 manufacturing innovation institutes had been established to facilitate the movement of early-stage research into proven capabilities ready for adoption by U.S. manufacturers. To better understand the role and experiences of the Manufacturing USA institutes to date, a committee of the Innovation Policy Forum of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on May 23, 2017 drawing together institute directors and manufacturing policy experts along with leaders from industry, academia, and government. Participants addressed the role of the manufacturing institutes in increasing advanced manufacturing in the United States, examined selected foreign programs designed to support advanced manufacturing, and reviewed recent assessments of existing institutes. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Preserving and Protecting Freight Infrastructure and Routes DO - 10.17226/14650 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14650/preserving-and-protecting-freight-infrastructure-and-routes PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Freight Research Program (NCFRP) Report 16: Preserving and Protecting Freight Infrastructure and Routes provides guidance to decision makers involved in freight facility operations, freight transportation planning, and land use on how to avoid conflicting land uses or mitigate existing uses.The report provides information about freight transportation and its importance to people’s everyday lives; illustrates the types of conflicts between freight and other land uses and their consequences; and provides tools and resources designed to help preserve facilities and corridors, including prevention or resolution of conflicts.In addition to the report, EnvisionFreight.com was developed as part of this project. The website is designed to complement the report by including more detailed materials then could be included in the report.A CD-ROM packaged with the print version of the report includes the appendices to the report.The CD-ROM is also available for download from TRB’s website as an ISO image. Links to the ISO image and instructions for burning a CD-ROM from an ISO image are provided below.Help on Burning an .ISO CD-ROM ImageDownload the .ISO CD-ROM Image(Warning: This is a large file and may take some time to download using a high-speed connection.)An article on NCFRP Report 16 was published in the January-February 2013 version of the TR News.CD-ROM Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Research Council TI - Securing the Future of U.S. Air Transportation: A System in Peril SN - DO - 10.17226/10815 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10815/securing-the-future-of-us-air-transportation-a-system-in PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - As recently as the summer of 2001, many travelers were dreading air transportation because of extensive delays associated with undercapacity of the system. That all changed on 9/11, and demand for air transportation has not yet returned to peak levels. Most U.S. airlines continue to struggle for survival, and some have filed for bankruptcy. The situation makes it difficult to argue that strong action is urgently needed to avert a crisis of undercapacity in the air transportation system. This report assesses the visions and goals for U.S. civil aviation and technology goals for the year 2050. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kenneth W. Kizer A2 - Suzanne Le Menestrel TI - Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society SN - DO - 10.17226/25380 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25380/strengthening-the-military-family-readiness-system-for-a-changing-american-society PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The U.S. military has been continuously engaged in foreign conflicts for over two decades. The strains that these deployments, the associated increases in operational tempo, and the general challenges of military life affect not only service members but also the people who depend on them and who support them as they support the nation – their families. Family members provide support to service members while they serve or when they have difficulties; family problems can interfere with the ability of service members to deploy or remain in theater; and family members are central influences on whether members continue to serve. In addition, rising family diversity and complexity will likely increase the difficulty of creating military policies, programs and practices that adequately support families in the performance of military duties. Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society examines the challenges and opportunities facing military families and what is known about effective strategies for supporting and protecting military children and families, as well as lessons to be learned from these experiences. This report offers recommendations regarding what is needed to strengthen the support system for military families. ER -