TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Global Change Research Needs and Opportunities for 2022-2031 SN - DO - 10.17226/26055 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26055/global-change-research-needs-and-opportunities-for-2022-2031 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - The US Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) is a collection of 13 Federal entities charged by law to assist the United States and the world to understand, assess, predict, and respond to human-induced and natural processes of global change. Global Change Research Needs and Opportunities for 2022-2031 advises the USGCRP on how best to meet its mandate in light of climate change impacts happening today and projected into the future. This report identifies critical climate change risks, research needed to support decision-making relevant to managing these risks, and opportunities for the USGCRP's participating agencies and other partners to advance these research priorities over the next decade. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults: Opportunities for the Health Care System SN - DO - 10.17226/25663 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25663/social-isolation-and-loneliness-in-older-adults-opportunities-for-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - Social isolation and loneliness are serious yet underappreciated public health risks that affect a significant portion of the older adult population. Approximately one-quarter of community-dwelling Americans aged 65 and older are considered to be socially isolated, and a significant proportion of adults in the United States report feeling lonely. People who are 50 years of age or older are more likely to experience many of the risk factors that can cause or exacerbate social isolation or loneliness, such as living alone, the loss of family or friends, chronic illness, and sensory impairments. Over a life course, social isolation and loneliness may be episodic or chronic, depending upon an individual's circumstances and perceptions. A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that social isolation presents a major risk for premature mortality, comparable to other risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, or obesity. As older adults are particularly high-volume and high-frequency users of the health care system, there is an opportunity for health care professionals to identify, prevent, and mitigate the adverse health impacts of social isolation and loneliness in older adults. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults summarizes the evidence base and explores how social isolation and loneliness affect health and quality of life in adults aged 50 and older, particularly among low income, underserved, and vulnerable populations. This report makes recommendations specifically for clinical settings of health care to identify those who suffer the resultant negative health impacts of social isolation and loneliness and target interventions to improve their social conditions. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults considers clinical tools and methodologies, better education and training for the health care workforce, and dissemination and implementation that will be important for translating research into practice, especially as the evidence base for effective interventions continues to flourish. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Leslie Pray A2 - Benjamin Kahn A2 - Scott Wollek TI - Exploring Medical and Public Health Preparedness for a Nuclear Incident: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25372 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25372/exploring-medical-and-public-health-preparedness-for-a-nuclear-incident PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on August 22–23, 2018, in Washington, DC, to explore medical and public health preparedness for a nuclear incident. The event brought together experts from government, nongovernmental organizations, academia, and the private sector to explore current assumptions behind the status of medical and public health preparedness for a nuclear incident, examine potential changes in these assumptions in light of increasing concerns about the use of nuclear warfare, and discuss challenges and opportunities for capacity building in the current threat environment. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Emily A. Callahan TI - Current Status and Response to the Global Obesity Pandemic: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25273 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25273/current-status-and-response-to-the-global-obesity-pandemic-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - The increasing prevalence and burden of obesity transcends borders, straining populations worldwide. Data shows that 50 million girls, 74 million boys, 390 million women, and 281 million men were estimated to have obesity in 2016 (NCD-RisC, 2017). The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on October 9, 2018 to address the status of the global obesity pandemic and discuss diverse approaches to manage this problem. Speakers examined the collective prevalence, costs, and drivers of obesity around the world using cross-cultural comparisons. Panels and group discussions emphasized the need to reduce disparities in prevention and treatment efforts and to generate new policy and system initiatives related to nutrition and physical activity worldwide. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Leslie Pray TI - Protecting the Health and Well-Being of Communities in a Changing Climate: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/24846 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24846/protecting-the-health-and-well-being-of-communities-in-a-changing-climate PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - On March 13, 2017, the Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine and the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement jointly convened a 1-day public workshop in Washington, DC, to explore potential strategies for public health, environmental health, health care, and related stakeholders to help communities and regions to address and mitigate the health effects of climate change. Participants discussed the perspectives of civic, government, business, and health-sector leaders, and existing research, best practices, and examples that inform stakeholders and practitioners on approaches to support mitigation of and adaptation to climate change and its effects on population health. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Global Health and the Future Role of the United States SN - DO - 10.17226/24737 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24737/global-health-and-the-future-role-of-the-united-states PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - While much progress has been made on achieving the Millenium Development Goals over the last decade, the number and complexity of global health challenges has persisted. Growing forces for globalization have increased the interconnectedness of the world and our interdependency on other countries, economies, and cultures. Monumental growth in international travel and trade have brought improved access to goods and services for many, but also carry ongoing and ever-present threats of zoonotic spillover and infectious disease outbreaks that threaten all. Global Health and the Future Role of the United States identifies global health priorities in light of current and emerging world threats. This report assesses the current global health landscape and how challenges, actions, and players have evolved over the last decade across a wide range of issues, and provides recommendations on how to increase responsiveness, coordination, and efficiency – both within the U.S. government and across the global health field. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - John Wilhelmi TI - Airport Roles in Reducing Transmission of Communicable Diseases DO - 10.17226/25367 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25367/airport-roles-in-reducing-transmission-of-communicable-diseases PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Conference Proceedings 55: Airport Roles in Reducing Transmission of Communicable Diseases summarizes a 2-day Insight Event convened by the Airport Cooperative Research Program and its Insight contractor, Eastern Research Group, Inc., March 6 and 7, 2018, in Washington, D.C. The event addressed four subtopics: risk management, stakeholders, communications, and infrastructure. Discussions centered on the roles of airports in reducing transmission of communicable diseases. Speakers represented the federal government, domestic and foreign airports, local public health agencies, an international aviation organization, and academia. The conference proceedings focused largely on strategies, best practices, and suggestions that pertain specifically to airports and transmission of communicable diseases, as identified by the invited speakers. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kellyn Betts A2 - Andrea Hodgson TI - Advances in Causal Understanding for Human Health Risk-Based Decision-Making: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/25004 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25004/advances-in-causal-understanding-for-human-health-risk-based-decision-making PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Scientific tools and capabilities to examine relationships between environmental exposure and health outcomes have advanced and will continue to evolve. Researchers are using various tools, technologies, frameworks, and approaches to enhance our understanding of how data from the latest molecular and bioinformatic approaches can support causal frameworks for regulatory decisions. For this reason, on March 6-7, 2017, the National Academies' Standing Committee on Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions, held a 2-day workshop to explore advances in causal understanding for human health risk-based decision-making. The workshop aimed to explore different causal inference models, how they were conceived and are applied, new frameworks and tools for determining causality, and ultimately discussed gaps, challenges, and opportunities for integrating new data streams for determining causality. This workshop brought together environmental health researchers, toxicologists, statisticians, social scientists, epidemiologists, business and consumer representatives, science policy experts, and professionals from other fields who utilize different data streams for establishing causality in complex systems to discuss the topics outlined above. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the discussions that took place at the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Theresa M. Wizemann TI - Faith–Health Collaboration to Improve Community and Population Health: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25375 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25375/faith-health-collaboration-to-improve-community-and-population-health-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - On March 22, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine the collaboration between the faith and health sectors, and to highlight the unique opportunities these collaborations offer to help improve population health outcomes. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Theresa M. Wizemann TI - Exploring Tax Policy to Advance Population Health, Health Equity, and Economic Prosperity: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25237 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25237/exploring-tax-policy-to-advance-population-health-health-equity-and-economic-prosperity PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Roundtable on Population Health Improvement has been focused on the subject of dependable resources for population health since its inception in 2013. On December 7, 2017, the roundtable convened a workshop to explore tax policy as it relates to advancing population health, health equity, and economic prosperity. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Genomic Epidemiology Data Infrastructure Needs for SARS-CoV-2: Modernizing Pandemic Response Strategies SN - DO - 10.17226/25879 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25879/genomic-epidemiology-data-infrastructure-needs-for-sars-cov-2-modernizing PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In December 2019, new cases of severe pneumonia were first detected in Wuhan, China, and the cause was determined to be a novel beta coronavirus related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus that emerged from a bat reservoir in 2002. Within six months, this new virus—SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)—has spread worldwide, infecting at least 10 million people with an estimated 500,000 deaths. COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, was declared a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO) and a pandemic on March 11, 2020. To date, there is no approved effective treatment or vaccine for COVID-19, and it continues to spread in many countries. Genomic Epidemiology Data Infrastructure Needs for SARS-CoV-2: Modernizing Pandemic Response Strategies lays out a framework to define and describe the data needs for a system to track and correlate viral genome sequences with clinical and epidemiological data. Such a system would help ensure the integration of data on viral evolution with detection, diagnostic, and countermeasure efforts. This report also explores data collection mechanisms to ensure a representative global sample set of all relevant extant sequences and considers challenges and opportunities for coordination across existing domestic, global, and regional data sources. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Anne Johnson TI - Toward a Future of Environmental Health Sciences: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/26639 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26639/toward-a-future-of-environmental-health-sciences-proceedings-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - What could the future of environmental health sciences hold, and what steps might be taken now to guide the field's trajectory? To envision a future research enterprise that integrates environmental health sciences, biomedical science, prevention research, and disease-specific research across the continuum from fundamental discovery research through the application of this research to population health, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop titled Towards a Future of Environmental Health Sciences on April 26-27, 2022. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Leslie Pray TI - Sustainable Diets, Food, and Nutrition: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25192 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25192/sustainable-diets-food-and-nutrition-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - On August 1 and 2, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public workshop in Washington, DC, on sustainable diets, food, and nutrition. Workshop participants reviewed current and emerging knowledge on the concept of sustainable diets within the field of food and nutrition; explored sustainable diets and relevant impacts for cross-sector partnerships, policy, and research; and discussed how sustainable diets influence dietary patterns, the food system, and population and public health. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Kellyn Betts A2 - Keegan Sawyer TI - Modeling the Health Risks of Climate Change: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/21705 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21705/modeling-the-health-risks-of-climate-change-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Climate change poses risks to human health and well-being through shifting weather patterns, increases in frequency and intensity of heat waves and other extreme weather events, rising sea levels, ocean acidification, and other environmental effects. Those risks occur against a backdrop of changing socioeconomic conditions, medical technology, population demographics, environmental conditions, and other factors that are important in determining health. Models of health risks that reflect how health determinants and climate changes vary in time and space are needed so that we can inform adaptation efforts and reduce or prevent adverse health effects. Robust health risk models could also help to inform national and international discussions about climate policies and the economic consequences of action and inaction. Interest in resolving some of the challenges facing health effects modelers and health scientists led the National Research Council's Standing Committee on Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions to hold a workshop on November 3-4, 2014, in Washington, DC, to explore new approaches to modeling the human health risks of climate change. Throughout the workshop, the discussions highlighted examples of current application of models, research gaps, lessons learned, and potential next steps to improve modeling of health risks associated with climate change. Modeling the Health Risks of Climate Change summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - V. Ayano Ogawa A2 - Cecilia Mundaca Shah A2 - Yamrot Negussie A2 - Anna Nicholson TI - The Convergence of Infectious Diseases and Noncommunicable Diseases: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25535 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25535/the-convergence-of-infectious-diseases-and-noncommunicable-diseases-proceedings-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - On June 11 and June 12, 2019, the National Academies convened a workshop to explore the growing understanding of how the interplay between humans and microbes affects host physiology and causes noncommunicable diseases. Discussions included an overview of colliding epidemics, emerging research on associations between infectious and noncommunicable diseases, risks posed by chronic diseases to the development and severity of infectious diseases, and the influence of the microbiome. Workshop participants also examined the challenges and opportunities of convergence, the integration of health care delivery models and interventions, potential approaches for research, policy, and practice in the immediate-term, and potential directions for the long-term. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Franklin Carrero-Martínez A2 - Emi Kameyama A2 - Paula Tarnapol Whitacre TI - Reducing Impacts of Food Loss and Waste: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25396 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25396/reducing-impacts-of-food-loss-and-waste-proceedings-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - Even as malnutrition in the form of hunger and obesity affect the health and well-being of millions of people worldwide, a significant amount of food is lost or wasted every day, in every country, and at every stage in the supply chain from the farm to the household. According to a 2011 estimate by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), about one-third of food produced is lost or wasted globally. Beyond quantity estimates, however, less is known about the impacts on farmers, food prices, food availability, and environment of reducing food loss and waste. On October 17, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a workshop to examine key challenges that arise in reducing food loss and waste throughout the supply chain and discussed potential ways to address these challenges. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Linda Casola TI - Enhancing Urban Sustainability with Data, Modeling, and Simulation: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25480 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25480/enhancing-urban-sustainability-with-data-modeling-and-simulation-proceedings-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - On January 30-31, 2019 the Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics, in collaboration with the Board on Energy and Environmental Systems and the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, convened a workshop in Washington, D.C. to explore the frontiers of mathematics and data science needs for sustainable urban communities. The workshop strengthened the emerging interdisciplinary network of practitioners, business leaders, government officials, nonprofit stakeholders, academics, and policy makers using data, modeling, and simulation for urban and community sustainability, and addressed common challenges that the community faces. Presentations highlighted urban sustainability research efforts and programs under way, including research into air quality, water management, waste disposal, and social equity and discussed promising urban sustainability research questions that improved use of big data, modeling, and simulation can help address. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Lisa Bain A2 - Sheena M. Posey Norris A2 - Clare Stroud TI - The Role of Nonpharmacological Approaches to Pain Management: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25406 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25406/the-role-of-nonpharmacological-approaches-to-pain-management-proceedings-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Pain is a leading cause of disability globally. The dramatic increase in opioid prescriptions within the past decade in the United States has contributed to the opioid epidemic the country currently faces, magnifying the need for longer term solutions to treat pain. The substantial burden of pain and the ongoing opioid crisis have attracted increased attention in medical and public policy communities, resulting in a revolution in thinking about how pain is managed. This new thinking acknowledges the complexity and biopsychosocial nature of the pain experience and the need for multifaceted pain management approaches with both pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies. The magnitude and urgency of the twin problems of chronic pain and opioid addiction, combined with the changing landscape of pain management, prompted the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a workshop on December 4–5, 2018, in Washington, DC. The workshop brought together a diverse group of stakeholders to discuss the current status of nonpharmacological approaches to pain management, gaps, and future directions. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Sarah M. Tracey A2 - Erin Kellogg A2 - Clarissa E. Sanchez A2 - Wendy Keenan TI - Achieving Behavioral Health Equity for Children, Families, and Communities: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25347 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25347/achieving-behavioral-health-equity-for-children-families-and-communities-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - In November 2017, the The Forum on Promoting Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health, in collaboration with the Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity, convened a workshop on promoting children's behavioral health equity. The workshop used a socio-ecological developmental model to explore health equity of children and families, including those with complex needs and chronic conditions. Particular attention was paid to challenges experienced by children and families in both rural and urban contexts, to include but not limited to poverty, individual and institutional racism, low-resourced communities, and hindered access to educational and health care services. Workshop participants also engaged in solution-oriented discussions of initiatives, policies, and programs that aim to improve social determinants of health, opportunities for behavioral health promotion, and access to quality services that address the behavioral health of all children and families. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the event. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Laura Sandt, Alyson West, Sarah Johnson, Kristen Brookshire, Kelly Evenson, Highway Safety Research Center and Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina A2 - Lauren Blackburn, Kara Peach, Margaret Tartala, VHB A2 - Anna Ricklin, Sagar Shah, American Planning Association A2 - Jason Corburn Daniel A. Rodriguez TI - A Research Roadmap for Transportation and Public Health DO - 10.17226/25644 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25644/a-research-roadmap-for-transportation-and-public-health PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - States and localities are beginning to recognize and act on the connection between health and transportation. A growing number of entities have produced a number of resources, guidance documents, and strategic plans on the topic.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 932: A Research Roadmap for Transportation and Public Health builds upon this body of work to provide a plan for funding research over the next decade that can lead to greater consideration of health issues in transportation contexts.The report includes an Implementation Plan that is outlined in the Health and Transportation Research Roadmap presentation as well as a document on the research methods and background materials from the project.The 10-year strategic Roadmap will provide a broad overview of highly relevant research needs as well as implementable tools for state DOTs and partners at the intersection of transportation and public health in the U.S. ER -