TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Gulf Research Program Annual Report 2020 DO - 10.17226/26147 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26147/gulf-research-program-annual-report-2020 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Each year, the Gulf Research Program (GRP) produces an annual report to summarize how funds were used. These reports review accomplishments, highlight activities, and, over time, will assess metrics to determine how the program is progressing in accomplishing its goals. The 2020 annual report is the seventh report in this series. The GRP is an independent, science-based program founded in 2013. Through grants, fellowships, and other activities, it seeks to enhance oil system safety and the protection of human health and the environment in the Gulf of Mexico region and other areas along the U.S. outer continental shelf with offshore oil and gas operations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Albert A. Grant A2 - Andrew C. Lemer TI - In Our Own Backyard: Principles for Effective Improvement of the Nation's Infrastructure SN - DO - 10.17226/2205 PY - 1993 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2205/in-our-own-backyard-principles-for-effective-improvement-of-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - This volume takes a fresh look—primarily from a technological perspective—at the nation's "infrastructure": a collection of diverse modes that function as a system supporting a wide range of economic and social activities. Within an infrastructure system, operating and maintenance procedures, management practices, and development policies (i.e., the software) must work together with the facilities' hardware. This study has a strongly local perspective, drawing valuable information from workshops held in Phoenix, Cincinnati, and Boston. These workshops illustrated common elements of local experience that offer infrastructure practitioners, policymakers, and the public at large both understanding and guidance in the form of specific strategies that can lead toward "win-win" situations, where parties with potentially opposing interests seek a way to resolve infrastructure issues so that all parties gain. Local issues, combined across many regions, give infrastructure its strategic national significance. The book recommends specific principles that should be applied in national policy to support effective local infrastructure development and management. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Catharyn T. Liverman A2 - Carrie E. Ingalls A2 - Carolyn E. Fulco A2 - Howard M. Kipen TI - Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Resources: The Role of the National Library of Medicine SN - DO - 10.17226/5496 PY - 1997 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5496/toxicology-and-environmental-health-information-resources-the-role-of-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The environment is increasingly recognized as having a powerful effect on human and ecological health, as well as on specific types of human morbidity, mortality, and disability. While the public relies heavily on federal and state regulatory agencies for protection from exposures to hazardous substances, it often looks to health professionals for information about routes of exposure and the nature and extent of associated adverse health consequences. However, most health professionals acquire only a minimal knowledge of toxicology during their education and training. In 1967 the National Library of Medicine (NLM) created an information resource, known today as the Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program (TEHIP). In 1995 the NLM asked the Institute of Medicine to examine the accessiblity and utility of the TEHIP databases for the work of health professionals. This resulting volume contains chapters on TEHIP and other toxicology and environmental health databases, on understanding the toxicology and environmental health information needs of health professionals, on increasing awareness of information resources through training and outreach, on accessing and navigating the TEHIP databases, and on program issues and future directions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Science for Environmental Protection: The Road Ahead SN - DO - 10.17226/13510 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13510/science-for-environmental-protection-the-road-ahead PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Earth Sciences AB - In anticipation of future environmental science and engineering challenges and technologic advances, EPA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to assess the overall capabilities of the agency to develop, obtain, and use the best available scientific and technologic information and tools to meet persistent, emerging, and future mission challenges and opportunities. Although the committee cannot predict with certainty what new environmental problems EPA will face in the next 10 years or more, it worked to identify some of the common drivers and common characteristics of problems that are likely to occur. Tensions inherent to the structure of EPA's work contribute to the current and persistent challenges faced by the agency, and meeting those challenges will require development of leading-edge scientific methods, tools, and technologies, and a more deliberate approach to systems thinking and interdisciplinary science. Science for Environmental Protection: The Road Ahead outlines a framework for building science for environmental protection in the 21st century and identified key areas where enhanced leadership and capacity can strengthen the agency's abilities to address current and emerging environmental challenges as well as take advantage of new tools and technologies to address them. The foundation of EPA science is strong, but the agency needs to continue to address numerous present and future challenges if it is to maintain its science leadership and meet its expanding mandates. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Coordinating Review Committee for the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics: Principles and Standards for School Mathematics: Final Report DO - 10.17226/9870 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9870/coordinating-review-committee-for-the-national-council-of-teachers-of-mathematics PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Role of Scientists in the Professional Development of Science Teachers SN - DO - 10.17226/2310 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2310/the-role-of-scientists-in-the-professional-development-of-science-teachers PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Scientists nationwide are showing greater interest in contributing to the reform of science education, yet many do not know how to begin. This highly readable book serves as a guide for those scientists interested in working on the professional development of K-12 science teachers. Based on information from over 180 professional development programs for science teachers, the volume addresses what kinds of activities work and why. Included are useful examples of programs focusing on issues of content and process in science teaching. The authors present "day-in-a-life" vignettes, along with a suggested reading list, to help familiarize scientists with the professional lives of K-12 science teachers. The book also offers scientists suggestions on how to take first steps toward involvement, how to identify programs that have been determined effective by teachers, and how to become involved in system-wide programs. Discussions on ways of working with teachers on program design, program evaluation, and funding sources are included. Accessible and practical, this book will be a welcome resource for university, institutional, and corporate scientists; teachers; teacher educators; organizations; administrators; and parents. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - TravelMatters: Mitigating Climate Change with Sustainable Surface Transportation DO - 10.17226/21968 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21968/travelmatters-mitigating-climate-change-with-sustainable-surface-transportation PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Web Document 26: TravelMatters: Mitigating Climate Change with Sustainable Surface Transportation reviews TCRP Project H-21: Combating Global Warming with Sustainable Surface Transportation Policy, which created a research report (TCRP Report 93) and TravelMatters Website with information for individuals and transit agencies on the greenhouse gas reduction potential of the public transportation sector. The report also summarizes TCRP Project H-21A, which encourages better decision making by enabling transit professionals and the public to consider both the greenhouse gas and criteria air pollutant impacts of transit planning decisions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Science, Medicine, and Animals SN - DO - 10.17226/10733 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10733/science-medicine-and-animals PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences AB - Science, Medicine, and Animals explains the role that animals play in biomedical research and the ways in which scientists, governments, and citizens have tried to balance the experimental use of animals with a concern for all living creatures. An accompanying Teacher’s Guide is available to help teachers of middle and high school students use Science, Medicine, and Animals in the classroom. As students examine the issues in Science, Medicine, and Animals, they will gain a greater understanding of the goals of biomedical research and the real-world practice of the scientific method in general. Science, Medicine, and Animals and the Teacher's Guide were written by the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research and published by the National Research Council of the National Academies. The report was reviewed by a committee made up of experts and scholars with diverse perspectives, including members of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institutes of Health, the Humane Society of the United States, and the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. The Teacher’s Guide was reviewed by members of the National Academies’ Teacher Associates Network. Science, Medicine, and Animals is recommended by the National Science Teacher's Association. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Role of Environmental NGOs: Russian Challenges, American Lessons: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10240 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10240/the-role-of-environmental-ngos-russian-challenges-american-lessons-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - An NRC committee was established to work with a Russian counterpart group in conducting a workshop in Moscow on the effectiveness of Russian environmental NGOs in environmental decision-making and prepared proceedings of this workshop, highlighting the successes and difficulties faced by NGOs in Russia and the United States. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Attracting Science and Mathematics Ph.D.s to Secondary School Education SN - DO - 10.17226/9955 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9955/attracting-science-and-mathematics-phds-to-secondary-school-education PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - The National Research Council conducted a study to identify a set of incentives that state governments and local school districts can use to attract Ph.D. scientists and mathematicians to secondary school teaching positions. This project investigated the career ambitions of Ph.D.s in the physical and life sciences through focus groups and a national survey to determine the kinds of work conditions and compensation packages that would induce them to take positions teaching physics, chemistry, biology, and various electives in public high schools or positions developing secondary school science and mathematics curricula. The study conducted interviews with Ph.D.s who are already teaching in secondary schools to ascertain information from their experiences, with local school district administrators to assess what they are realistically willing to offer Ph.D. scientists to attract them, and with higher education administrators to explore programmatic changes they would need to institute to provide Ph.D.s with skills tailored to secondary school teaching. These investigations led to this report which describes the incentives local school districts could use in establishing pilot programs in this area. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Research to Protect, Restore, and Manage the Environment SN - DO - 10.17226/2216 PY - 1993 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2216/research-to-protect-restore-and-manage-the-environment PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - This book assesses the strengths and weaknesses of current environmental research programs, describes the desirable characteristics of an effective program, and recommends cultural and organizational changes to improve the performance of environmental research. Research areas in need of greater emphasis are identified, and overall directions for environmental research are recommended. The book also comments on the proposal to establish a National Institute for the Environment and on the elevation of the Environmental Protection Agency to cabinet status. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - CLEANER and NSF's Environmental Observatories SN - DO - 10.17226/11657 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11657/cleaner-and-nsfs-environmental-observatories PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Oil Spill Recovery Institute: Past, Present, and Future Directions SN - DO - 10.17226/10643 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10643/the-oil-spill-recovery-institute-past-present-and-future-directions PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Earth Sciences AB - As a result of the 1989 Exxon Valdez Oil Spill in Prince William Sound, Congress passed the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90), and within that legislation, the Oil Spill Recovery Institute (OSRI) was born. This report assesses the strength and weaknesses of this research program, with emphasis on whether the activities supported to date address the OSRI mission, whether the processes used are sound, and whether the research and technology development projects are of high quality ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Environmental Engineering for the 21st Century: Addressing Grand Challenges SN - DO - 10.17226/25121 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25121/environmental-engineering-for-the-21st-century-addressing-grand-challenges PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Earth Sciences AB - Environmental engineers support the well-being of people and the planet in areas where the two intersect. Over the decades the field has improved countless lives through innovative systems for delivering water, treating waste, and preventing and remediating pollution in air, water, and soil. These achievements are a testament to the multidisciplinary, pragmatic, systems-oriented approach that characterizes environmental engineering. Environmental Engineering for the 21st Century: Addressing Grand Challenges outlines the crucial role for environmental engineers in this period of dramatic growth and change. The report identifies five pressing challenges of the 21st century that environmental engineers are uniquely poised to help advance: sustainably supply food, water, and energy; curb climate change and adapt to its impacts; design a future without pollution and waste; create efficient, healthy, resilient cities; and foster informed decisions and actions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards SN - DO - 10.17226/18802 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18802/guide-to-implementing-the-next-generation-science-standards PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - A Framework for K-12 Science Education and Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) describe a new vision for science learning and teaching that is catalyzing improvements in science classrooms across the United States. Achieving this new vision will require time, resources, and ongoing commitment from state, district, and school leaders, as well as classroom teachers. Successful implementation of the NGSS will ensure that all K-12 students have high-quality opportunities to learn science. Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards provides guidance to district and school leaders and teachers charged with developing a plan and implementing the NGSS as they change their curriculum, instruction, professional learning, policies, and assessment to align with the new standards. For each of these elements, this report lays out recommendations for action around key issues and cautions about potential pitfalls. Coordinating changes in these aspects of the education system is challenging. As a foundation for that process, Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards identifies some overarching principles that should guide the planning and implementation process. The new standards present a vision of science and engineering learning designed to bring these subjects alive for all students, emphasizing the satisfaction of pursuing compelling questions and the joy of discovery and invention. Achieving this vision in all science classrooms will be a major undertaking and will require changes to many aspects of science education. Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards will be a valuable resource for states, districts, and schools charged with planning and implementing changes, to help them achieve the goal of teaching science for the 21st century. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration SN - DO - 10.17226/2075 PY - 1992 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2075/china-and-global-change-opportunities-for-collaboration PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Given China's current and potential impacts on the global environment and the contributions Chinese science can make to global change research, China's full participation in international research programs dealing with global change is very important. This book provides insights into how research priorities are determined and detailed information about institutional infrastructure, human resources, and other factors that will constrain or facilitate Chinese responses to and research on global change issues. An overview of research relevant to the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program and the World Climate Research Program is presented. Additionally, research in certain areas of atmospheric chemistry and physical and ecological interactions of the atmosphere and land surface are explored in further detail. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Kathi Hanna A2 - Christine Coussens TI - Rebuilding the Unity of Health and the Environment: A New Vision of Environmental Health for the 21st Century SN - DO - 10.17226/10044 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10044/rebuilding-the-unity-of-health-and-the-environment-a-new PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Health and Medicine AB - This is a summary of the workshop Rebuilding the Unity of Health and the Environment: A New Vision of Environmental Health for the 21st Century. The goal of this workshop was to emphasize the connection between human health and the natural, built, and social environments. This workshop integrated talks from many fields and created a dialogue among various environmental health stakeholders. The language presented in this respect should not be viewed as an endorsement by the Environmental Health Sciences Roundtable or the Institute of Medicine of what action is needed for the future, but rather as an effort to synthesize the various perspectives presented. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Barbara M. Means A2 - Amy Stephens TI - Cultivating Interest and Competencies in Computing: Authentic Experiences and Design Factors SN - DO - 10.17226/25912 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25912/cultivating-interest-and-competencies-in-computing-authentic-experiences-and-design PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - Computing in some form touches nearly every aspect of day to day life and is reflected in the ubiquitous use of cell phones, the expansion of automation into many industries, and the vast amounts of data that are routinely gathered about people's health, education, and buying habits. Computing is now a part of nearly every occupation, not only those in the technology industry. Given the ubiquity of computing in both personal and professional life, there are increasing calls for all learners to participate in learning experiences related to computing including more formal experiences offered in schools, opportunities in youth development programs and after-school clubs, or self-initiated hands-on experiences at home. At the same time, the lack of diversity in the computing workforce and in programs that engage learners in computing is well-documented. It is important to consider how to increase access and design experiences for a wide range of learners. Authentic experiences in STEM - that is, experiences that reflect professional practice and also connect learners to real-world problems that they care about - are one possible approach for reaching a broader range of learners. These experiences can be designed for learners of all ages and implemented in a wide range of settings. However, the role they play in developing youths' interests, capacities, and productive learning identities for computing is unclear. There is a need to better understand the role of authentic STEM experiences in supporting the development of interests, competencies, and skills related to computing. Cultivating Interest and Competencies in Computing examines the evidence on learning and teaching using authentic, open-ended pedagogical approaches and learning experiences for children and youth in grades K-12 in both formal and informal settings. This report gives particular attention to approaches and experiences that promote the success of children and youth from groups that are typically underrepresented in computing fields. Cultivating Interest and Competencies in Computing provides guidance for educators and facilitators, program designers, and other key stakeholders on how to support learners as they engage in authentic learning experiences. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Interim Report of the Committee on Research and Peer Review in EPA DO - 10.17226/9202 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9202/interim-report-of-the-committee-on-research-and-peer-review-in-epa PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Catherine E. Snow A2 - Kenne A. Dibner TI - Science Literacy: Concepts, Contexts, and Consequences SN - DO - 10.17226/23595 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23595/science-literacy-concepts-contexts-and-consequences PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Science is a way of knowing about the world. At once a process, a product, and an institution, science enables people to both engage in the construction of new knowledge as well as use information to achieve desired ends. Access to science—whether using knowledge or creating it—necessitates some level of familiarity with the enterprise and practice of science: we refer to this as science literacy. Science literacy is desirable not only for individuals, but also for the health and well- being of communities and society. More than just basic knowledge of science facts, contemporary definitions of science literacy have expanded to include understandings of scientific processes and practices, familiarity with how science and scientists work, a capacity to weigh and evaluate the products of science, and an ability to engage in civic decisions about the value of science. Although science literacy has traditionally been seen as the responsibility of individuals, individuals are nested within communities that are nested within societies—and, as a result, individual science literacy is limited or enhanced by the circumstances of that nesting. Science Literacy studies the role of science literacy in public support of science. This report synthesizes the available research literature on science literacy, makes recommendations on the need to improve the understanding of science and scientific research in the United States, and considers the relationship between scientific literacy and support for and use of science and research. ER -