TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Grand Challenges in Earthquake Engineering Research: A Community Workshop Report SN - DO - 10.17226/13167 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13167/grand-challenges-in-earthquake-engineering-research-a-community-workshop-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Engineering and Technology AB - As geological threats become more imminent, society must make a major commitment to increase the resilience of its communities, infrastructure, and citizens. Recent earthquakes in Japan, New Zealand, Haiti, and Chile provide stark reminders of the devastating impact major earthquakes have on the lives and economic stability of millions of people worldwide. The events in Haiti continue to show that poor planning and governance lead to long-term chaos, while nations like Chile demonstrate steady recovery due to modern earthquake planning and proper construction and mitigation activities. At the request of the National Science Foundation, the National Research Council hosted a two-day workshop to give members of the community an opportunity to identify "Grand Challenges" for earthquake engineering research that are needed to achieve an earthquake resilient society, as well as to describe networks of earthquake engineering experimental capabilities and cyberinfrastructure tools that could continue to address ongoing areas of concern. Grand Challenges in Earthquake Engineering Research: A Community Workshop Report explores the priorities and problems regions face in reducing consequent damage and spurring technological preparedness advances. Over the course of the Grand Challenges in Earthquake Engineering Research workshop, 13 grand challenge problems emerged and were summarized in terms of five overarching themes including: community resilience framework, decision making, simulation, mitigation, and design tools. Participants suggested 14 experimental facilities and cyberinfrastructure tools that would be needed to carry out testing, observations, and simulations, and to analyze the results. The report also reviews progressive steps that have been made in research and development, and considers what factors will accelerate transformative solutions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Sharada Vadali A2 - Johanna Zmud A2 - Todd Carlson A2 - Karin DeMoors A2 - Rick Rybeck A2 - Steven Fitzroy A2 - Naomi Stein A2 - Mark Sieber TI - Guidebook to Funding Transportation Through Land Value Return and Recycling DO - 10.17226/25110 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25110/guidebook-to-funding-transportation-through-land-value-return-and-recycling PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Report 873: Guidebook to Funding Transportation Through Land Value Return and Recycling presents guidance on ways to mobilize some portion of property-value increases to fund maintenance and operations as well as investment in the infrastructure. Because local government typically has authority to deal with matters related to land use and land-related revenue-generating mechanisms, access to land value return and recycling—a subset of real estate–based value capture methods—may require enabling legislation or partnering with local agencies. This report includes examples of applications of land value return and recycling as well as model legislation and institutional structures to facilitate the strategy. A PowerPoint presentation assists users of the guide in presenting the concept and methods for using land value return and recycling to a broad audience. Appendix G: NCHRP Project 19-13 Report is available online. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - J. Richard Kuzmyak A2 - Richard Pratt A2 - G. Bruce Douglas A2 - Frank Spielberg TI - Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook, Third Edition: Chapter 15, Land Use and Site Design DO - 10.17226/24727 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24727/traveler-response-to-transportation-system-changes-handbook-third-edition-chapter-15-land-use-and-site-design PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 95: Chapter 15 – Land Use and Site Design provides information on the relationships between land use/site design and travel behavior. Information in the report is drawn primarily from research studies that have attempted to measure and explain the effects.The Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook consists of these Chapter 1 introductory materials and 15 stand-alone published topic area chapters. Each topic area chapter provides traveler response findings including supportive information and interpretation, and also includes case studies and a bibliography consisting of the references utilized as sources. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Engineer and the City: A Symposium Sponsored by the National Academy of Engineering at Its Fifth Autumn Meeting, October 22-23, 1969 DO - 10.17226/18468 PY - 1969 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18468/engineer-and-the-city-a-symposium-sponsored-by-the-national PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Leslie Pray TI - Protecting the Health and Well-Being of Communities in a Changing Climate: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/24846 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24846/protecting-the-health-and-well-being-of-communities-in-a-changing-climate PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - On March 13, 2017, the Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine and the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement jointly convened a 1-day public workshop in Washington, DC, to explore potential strategies for public health, environmental health, health care, and related stakeholders to help communities and regions to address and mitigate the health effects of climate change. Participants discussed the perspectives of civic, government, business, and health-sector leaders, and existing research, best practices, and examples that inform stakeholders and practitioners on approaches to support mitigation of and adaptation to climate change and its effects on population health. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Anna Nicholson A2 - Tamara Haag TI - Community Power in Population Health Improvement: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26306 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26306/community-power-in-population-health-improvement-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - To explore issues related to community-driven power-building efforts to improve population health, the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a virtual public workshop, "Community Power in Population Health Improvement", on January 28 and 29, 2021. Participants discussed the different components and dimensions of community-led action around different population health improvement topics such as education, transportation, environmental health, healthy eating, and active living, among others. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Paul Ryus A2 - Anusha Musunuru A2 - James Bonneson A2 - Sirisha Kothuri A2 - Christopher Monsere A2 - Nathan McNeil A2 - Seth LaJeunesse A2 - Krista Nordback A2 - Wesley Kumfer A2 - Sophie Currin TI - Guide to Pedestrian Analysis DO - 10.17226/26518 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26518/guide-to-pedestrian-analysis PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Roadway designs and signal phasing that address the safety of all road users are being implemented in many cities around the country. As part of this, accurate methods for estimating pedestrian volumes are needed to quantify exposure and, in turn, evaluate the benefits of pedestrian safety measures.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 992: Guide to Pedestrian Analysis presents a state-of-the-art guide to conducting pedestrian traffic analysis on the basis of volume, safety, operations, and quality of service. In addition to the guide, the research provides new evaluation methods for use with the Highway Capacity Manual.Supplemental to the report is NCHRP Web-Only Document 312: Enhancing Pedestrian Volume Estimation and Developing HCM Pedestrian Methodologies for Safe and Sustainable Communities; two computational engines for implementing the new and updated analysis methods developed by the project: Signalized Crossing Pedestrian Delay Computational Engine and Uncontrolled Crossing Pedestrian Delay and LOS Computational Engine; a Video; five presentations from a peer exchange workshop: Project Overview, Pedestrian Volume Counting, Pedestrian Operations Analysis, Pedestrian Quality of Service Analysis, Pedestrian Safety Analysis, and an Implementation Plan. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Emily Pettis A2 - Amy Squitieri A2 - Christina Slattery A2 - Christine Long A2 - Patti Kuhn A2 - Debra McClane A2 - Sarah Groesbeck TI - A Model for Identifying and Evaluating the Historic Significance of Post-World War II Housing DO - 10.17226/22709 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22709/a-model-for-identifying-and-evaluating-the-historic-significance-of-post-world-war-ii-housing PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 723: A Model for Identifying and Evaluating the Historic Significance of Post-World War II Housing provides an approach to the identification and evaluation of postwar housing resources that can be used within the framework of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act.The report includes a methodology for identification and evaluation of the National Register eligibility and non-eligibility of single-family housing built between 1946 and 1975. The report also includes a national context to understand the development of postwar housing and to help guide the evaluation of postwar residential types.TR News 292: May-June 2014 includes an article about the report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters: Strategies, Opportunities, and Planning for Recovery SN - DO - 10.17226/18996 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18996/healthy-resilient-and-sustainable-communities-after-disasters-strategies-opportunities-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - In the devastation that follows a major disaster, there is a need for multiple sectors to unite and devote new resources to support the rebuilding of infrastructure, the provision of health and social services, the restoration of care delivery systems, and other critical recovery needs. In some cases, billions of dollars from public, private and charitable sources are invested to help communities recover. National rhetoric often characterizes these efforts as a "return to normal." But for many American communities, pre-disaster conditions are far from optimal. Large segments of the U.S. population suffer from preventable health problems, experience inequitable access to services, and rely on overburdened health systems. A return to pre-event conditions in such cases may be short-sighted given the high costs - both economic and social - of poor health. Instead, it is important to understand that the disaster recovery process offers a series of unique and valuable opportunities to improve on the status quo. Capitalizing on these opportunities can advance the long-term health, resilience, and sustainability of communities - thereby better preparing them for future challenges. Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters identifies and recommends recovery practices and novel programs most likely to impact overall community public health and contribute to resiliency for future incidents. This book makes the case that disaster recovery should be guided by a healthy community vision, where health considerations are integrated into all aspects of recovery planning before and after a disaster, and funding streams are leveraged in a coordinated manner and applied to health improvement priorities in order to meet human recovery needs and create healthy built and natural environments. The conceptual framework presented in Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters lays the groundwork to achieve this goal and provides operational guidance for multiple sectors involved in community planning and disaster recovery. Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters calls for actions at multiple levels to facilitate recovery strategies that optimize community health. With a shared healthy community vision, strategic planning that prioritizes health, and coordinated implementation, disaster recovery can result in a communities that are healthier, more livable places for current and future generations to grow and thrive - communities that are better prepared for future adversities. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Identification of Research Needs Related to Highway Runoff Management DO - 10.17226/13791 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13791/identification-of-research-needs-related-to-highway-runoff-management PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 521: Identification of Research Needs Related to Highway Runoff Management summarizes significant stormwater management practices and research efforts, and it identifies the most pressing gaps and needs in the current state of knowledge in over more than 30 subject areas. The report includes full research project statements for the topics considered to be of highest priority. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics for Management SN - DO - 10.17226/619 PY - 1986 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/619/pesticide-resistance-strategies-and-tactics-for-management PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - Based on a symposium sponsored by the Board on Agriculture, this comprehensive book explores the problem of pesticide resistance; suggests new approaches to monitor, control, or prevent resistance; and identifies the changes in public policy necessary to protect crops and human health from the ravages of pests. The volume synthesizes the most recent information from a wide range of disciplines, including entomology, genetics, plant pathology, biochemistry, economics, and public policy. It also suggests research avenues that would indicate how to counter future problems. A glossary provides the reader with additional guidance. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Developing Guidelines for Evaluating, Selecting, and Implementing Suburban Transit Services DO - 10.17226/23251 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23251/developing-guidelines-for-evaluating-selecting-and-implementing-suburban-transit-services PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Web-Only Document: 34 Guidebook for Evaluating, Selecting, and Implementing Suburban Transit Services examines the status of suburban transit from operational and land-use perspectives and describes the development of guidelines for evaluating, selecting, and implementing those services. The guidelines were published as TCRP Report 116: Guidebook for Evaluating, Selecting, and Implementing Suburban Transit Services. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Glenn E. Schweitzer A2 - Frank L. Parker A2 - Kelly Robbins TI - Cleaning Up Sites Contaminated with Radioactive Materials: International Workshop Proceedings SN - DO - 10.17226/12505 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12505/cleaning-up-sites-contaminated-with-radioactive-materials-international-workshop-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - This publication features papers presented at the Workshop on Cleaning Up Sites Contaminated with Radioactive Materials, held in Moscow in June 2007. This activity was organized by the National Academies in cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences and with funding provided by the Russell Family Foundation. The workshop was designed to promote exchanges of information on specific contaminated sites in Russia and elsewhere and to stimulate greater attention to the severity of the problems and the urgent need to clean up sites of concern to the local and international communities. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - National Science Education Standards SN - DO - 10.17226/4962 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4962/national-science-education-standards PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Americans agree that our students urgently need better science education. But what should they be expected to know and be able to do? Can the same expectations be applied across our diverse society? These and other fundamental issues are addressed in National Science Education Standards—a landmark development effort that reflects the contributions of thousands of teachers, scientists, science educators, and other experts across the country. The National Science Education Standards offer a coherent vision of what it means to be scientifically literate, describing what all students regardless of background or circumstance should understand and be able to do at different grade levels in various science categories. The standards address: The exemplary practice of science teaching that provides students with experiences that enable them to achieve scientific literacy. Criteria for assessing and analyzing students' attainments in science and the learning opportunities that school science programs afford. The nature and design of the school and district science program. The support and resources needed for students to learn science. These standards reflect the principles that learning science is an inquiry-based process, that science in schools should reflect the intellectual traditions of contemporary science, and that all Americans have a role in improving science education. This document will be invaluable to education policymakers, school system administrators, teacher educators, individual teachers, and concerned parents. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - People and Pixels: Linking Remote Sensing and Social Science SN - DO - 10.17226/5963 PY - 1998 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5963/people-and-pixels-linking-remote-sensing-and-social-science PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - Space-based sensors are giving us an ever-closer and more comprehensive look at the earth's surface; they also have the potential to tell us about human activity. This volume examines the possibilities for using remote sensing technology to improve understanding of social processes and human-environment interactions. Examples include deforestation and regrowth in Brazil, population-environment interactions in Thailand, ancient and modern rural development in Guatemala, and urbanization in the United States, as well as early warnings of famine and disease outbreaks. The book also provides information on current sources of remotely sensed data and metadata and discusses what is involved in establishing effective collaborative efforts between scientists working with remote sensing technology and those working on social and environmental issues. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Enhancing Internal Trip Capture Estimation for Mixed-Use Developments DO - 10.17226/14489 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14489/enhancing-internal-trip-capture-estimation-for-mixed-use-developments PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 684: Enhancing Internal Trip Capture Estimation for Mixed-Use Developments explores an improved methodology to estimate how many internal trips will be generated in mixed-use developments—trips for which both the origin and destination are within the development.The methodology estimates morning and afternoon peak–period trips to and from six specific land use categories: office, retail, restaurant, residential, cinema, and hotel. The research team analyzed existing data from prior surveys and collected new data at three mixed-use development sites. The resulting methodology is incorporated into a spreadsheet model, which is available online for download. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook, Third Edition: Chapter 19, Employer and Institutional TDM Strategies DO - 10.17226/14393 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14393/traveler-response-to-transportation-system-changes-handbook-third-edition-chapter-19-employer-and-institutional-tdm-strategies PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 95: Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes, Chapter 19 - Employer and Institutional TDM Strategies pair-uses wise comparisons to explore the relative importance of particular categories of TDM strategies, such as support versus incentives, as well as the particular strategies themselves, such as transit subsidy versus a high-occupancy vehicle parking discount. TDM (transportation demand management or travel demand management) is a process that can encompass a variety of measures intended to influence travel choices. TDM is used to manage heavy traffic demand and parking requirements, and to enhance the effectiveness of transit services. This report is part of TCRP's Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook series. The overarching objective of the Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook is to equip members of the transportation profession with a comprehensive, readily accessible, interpretive documentation of results and experience obtained across the United States and elsewhere from (1) different types of transportation system changes and policy actions and (2) alternative land use and site development design approaches. The Handbook, organized for simultaneous print and electronic chapter-by-chapter publication, treats each chapter essentially as a stand-alone document. Each chapter includes text and self-contained references and sources on that topic. The Handbook user should, however, be conversant with the background and guidance provided in TCRP Report 95: Chapter 1, Introduction. Upon completion of the Report 95 series, the final Chapter 1 publication will include a CD-ROM of all 19 chapters. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Tribal Transportation Programs DO - 10.17226/23177 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23177/tribal-transportation-programs PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English AB - TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 366: Tribal Transportation Programs explores innovations and model practices among tribal transportation programs. The report also examines the history, and legal and administrative evolution, of tribal transportation programs within the larger context of issues of tribal sovereignty and relationships with federal, state, and local governments, and local and regional planning agencies. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Research on Women's Issues in Transportation - Volume 2: Technical Papers DO - 10.17226/23299 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23299/research-on-womens-issues-in-transportation-volume-2-technical-papers PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Conference Proceedings 35: Research on Women’s Issues in Transportation – Volume 2: Technical Papers contains peer-reviewed breakout and poster papers and several abstracts of papers presented at the November 18–20, 2004, conference in Chicago, Illinois. The conference was designed to identify and explore additional research and data needed to inform transportation policy decisions that address women’s mobility, safety, and security needs and to encourage research by young researchers. Volume 1, which will be released this winter, will include the conference summary, the four peer-reviewed overview papers presented by the topic leaders, and a list of conference participants. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Joah G. Iannotta A2 - Jane L. Ross TI - Equality of Opportunity and the Importance of Place: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10413 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10413/equality-of-opportunity-and-the-importance-of-place-summary-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The National Research Council (NRC) recently conducted several projects concerning urban poverty, racial disparities, and opportunities to change metropolitan areas in ways that have positive effects on residents' well-being. In reports such as Governance and Opportunity in Metropolitan America (1999), place, space, and neighborhood have become important lenses through which to understand the factors affecting opportunity and well-being. After the publication of Governance and Opportunity, the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services became interested in what insights research focused on place might offer in terms of improving the conditions of vulnerable families-a population about whom ASPE is particularly concerned. Because of its interest in the topic, ASPE provided generous support to the NRC to hold a workshop on the importance of place and to produce a report based on the findings of the workshop. This report, Equality of Opportunity and the Importance of Place, is the culmination of the NRC's work on behalf of ASPE. ER -