TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Robert J. Mislevy A2 - Kaeli T. Knowles TI - Performance Assessments for Adult Education: Exploring the Measurement Issues: Report of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10366 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10366/performance-assessments-for-adult-education-exploring-the-measurement-issues-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - In the United States, the nomenclature of adult education includes adult literacy, adult secondary education, and English for speakers of other languages (ESOL) services provided to undereducated and limited English proficient adults. Those receiving adult education services have diverse reasons for seeking additional education. With the passage of the WIA, the assessment of adult education students became mandatory-regardless of their reasons for seeking services. The law does allow the states and local programs flexibility in selecting the most appropriate assessment for the student. The purpose of the NRC's workshop was to explore issues related to efforts to measure learning gains in adult basic education programs, with a focus on performance-based assessments. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Alan M. Lesgold A2 - Melissa Welch-Ross TI - Improving Adult Literacy Instruction: Options for Practice and Research SN - DO - 10.17226/13242 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13242/improving-adult-literacy-instruction-options-for-practice-and-research PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - A high level of literacy in both print and digital media is required for negotiating most aspects of 21st-century life, including supporting a family, education, health, civic participation, and competitiveness in the global economy. Yet, more than 90 million U.S. adults lack adequate literacy. Furthermore, only 38 percent of U.S. 12th graders are at or above proficient in reading. Improving Adult Literacy Instruction synthesizes the research on literacy and learning to improve literacy instruction in the United States and to recommend a more systemic approach to research, practice, and policy. The book focuses on individuals ages 16 and older who are not in K-12 education. It identifies factors that affect literacy development in adolescence and adulthood in general, and examines their implications for strengthening literacy instruction for this population. It also discusses technologies for learning that can assist with multiple aspects of teaching, assessment,and accommodations for learning. There is inadequate knowledge about effective instructional practices and a need for better assessment and ongoing monitoring of adult students' proficiencies, weaknesses, instructional environments, and progress, which might guide instructional planning. Improving Adult Literacy Instruction recommends a program of research and innovation to validate, identify the boundaries of, and extend current knowledge to improve instruction for adults and adolescents outside school. The book is a valuable resource for curriculum developers, federal agencies such as the Department of Education, administrators, educators, and funding agencies. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Operational Experiences with Flexible Transit Services DO - 10.17226/23364 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23364/operational-experiences-with-flexible-transit-services PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 53: Operational Experiences with Flexible Transit Services examines transit agency experiences with “flexible transit services,” including all types of hybrid services that are not pure demand-responsive (including dial-a-ride and Americans with Disabilities Act paratransit) or fixed-route services, but that fall somewhere in between those traditional service models. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Janet S. Hansen TI - Preparing for the Workplace: Charting A Course for Federal Postsecondary Training Policy SN - DO - 10.17226/2123 PY - 1994 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2123/preparing-for-the-workplace-charting-a-course-for-federal-postsecondary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Job training has taken a central place among strategies to boost U.S. competitiveness in the world and ensure a high standard of living. Decision making in this area has a major impact on American workers who do not earn 4-year college degrees—fully three-quarters of the workforce. This timely volume reviews the state of postsecondary training for work in the United States; it addresses controversies about federal job policies and programs and outlines a national approach to improved quality and accessibility in workplace preparation. The committee focuses on the various types of training individuals need during their working lives. Leading experts explore the uneven nature of postsecondary training in the United States and contrast our programs with more comprehensive systems found in other major industrial countries. The authors propose what the federal government can—and cannot—do in improving postsecondary training, exploring appropriate roles and responsibilites for federal, state, and private interests. The volume highlights opportunities for improvement in the development of skills standards, student financial aid, worker retraining, second-change education, and the provision of better information to program managers, public officials, and trainees. With a wealth of insightful commentary and examples, this readable volume will be valuable to federal and state policymakers, leaders in the field of training, educators, employers, labor unions, and interested individuals. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Theresa Wizemann TI - Health Literacy Implications for Health Care Reform: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/13056 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13056/health-literacy-implications-for-health-care-reform-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Health literacy is the degree to which one can understand and make decisions based on health information. Nearly 90 million adults in the United States have limited health literacy. While poor health literacy spans all demographics, rates of low health literacy are disproportionately higher among those with lower socioeconomic status, limited education, or limited English proficiency, as well as among the elderly and individuals with mental or physical disabilities. Studies have shown that there is a correlation between low health literacy and poor health outcomes. In 2010, President Obama signed the Affordable Care Act designed to extend access to health care coverage to millions of Americans who have been previously uninsured. Many of the newly eligible individuals who should benefit most from the ACA, however, are least prepared to realize those benefits as a result of low health literacy. They will face significant challenges understanding what coverage they are eligible for under the ACA, making informed choices about the best options for themselves and their families, and completing the enrollment process. Health Literacy Implications for Health Care Reform explores opportunities to advance health literacy in association with the implementation of health care reform. The report focuses on building partnerships to advance the field of health literacy by translating research findings into practical strategies for implementation, and on educating the public, press, and policymakers regarding issues of health literacy. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Linda Casola A2 - Tiffany E. Taylor TI - Increasing Student Success in Developmental Mathematics: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25547 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25547/increasing-student-success-in-developmental-mathematics-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - The Board on Science Education and the Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened the Workshop on Increasing Student Success in Developmental Mathematics on March 18-19, 2019. The Workshop explored how to best support all students in postsecondary mathematics, with particular attention to students who are unsuccessful in developmental mathematics and with an eye toward issues of access to promising reforms and equitable learning environments. The two-day workshop was designed to bring together a variety of stakeholders, including experts who have developed and/or implemented new initiatives to improve the mathematics education experience for students. The overarching goal of the workshop was to take stock of the mathematics education community's progress in this domain. Participants examined the data on students who are well-served by new reform structures in developmental mathematics and discussed various cohorts of students who are not currently well served - those who even with access to reforms do not succeed and those who do not have access to a reform due to differential access constraints. Throughout the workshop, participants also explored promising approaches to bolstering student outcomes in mathematics, focusing especially on research and data that demonstrate the success of these approaches; deliberated and discussed barriers and opportunities for effectively serving all students; and outlined some key directions of inquiry intended to address the prevailing research and data needs in the field. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Lynn Nielsen-Bohlman A2 - Allison M. Panzer A2 - David A. Kindig TI - Health Literacy: A Prescription to End Confusion SN - DO - 10.17226/10883 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10883/health-literacy-a-prescription-to-end-confusion PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - To maintain their own health and the health of their families and communities, consumers rely heavily on the health information that is available to them. This information is at the core of the partnerships that patients and their families forge with today’s complex modern health systems. This information may be provided in a variety of forms – ranging from a discussion between a patient and a health care provider to a health promotion advertisement, a consent form, or one of many other forms of health communication common in our society. Yet millions of Americans cannot understand or act upon this information. To address this problem, the field of health literacy brings together research and practice from diverse fields including education, health services, and social and cultural sciences, and the many organizations whose actions can improve or impede health literacy. Health Literacy: Prescription to End Confusion examines the body of knowledge that applies to the field of health literacy, and recommends actions to promote a health literate society. By examining the extent of limited health literacy and the ways to improve it, we can improve the health of individuals and populations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Alexandra Beatty A2 - Judith A. Koenig TI - Key National Education Indicators: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/13453 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13453/key-national-education-indicators-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - The education system in the United States is continually challenged to adapt and improve, in part because its mission has become far more ambitious than it once was. At the turn of the 20th century, less than one-tenth of students enrolled were expected to graduate from high school. Today, most people expect schools to prepare all students to succeed in postsecondary education and to prosper in a complex, fast-changing global economy. Goals have broadened to include not only rigorous benchmarks in core academic subjects, but also technological literacy and the subtler capacities known as 21st-century skills. To identify the most important measures for education and other issues and provide quality data on them to the American people, Congress authorized the creation of a Key National Indicators System (KNIS). This system will be a single Web-based information source designed to help policy makers and the public better assess the position and progress of the nation across a wide range of areas. Identifying the right set of indicators for each area is not a small challenge. To serve their purpose of providing objective information that can encourage improvement and innovation, the indicators need to be valid and reliable but they also need to capture the report committee's aspirations for education. This report describes a workshop, planned under the aegis of the Board on Testing and Assessment and the Committee on National Statistics of the National Research Council. Key National Education Indicators is a summary of the meeting of a group with extensive experience in research, public policy, and practice. The goal of the workshop was not to make a final selection of indicators, but to take an important first step by clearly identifying the parameters of the challenge. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Margaret Hilton TI - Protecting Student Records and Facilitating Education Research: A Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/12514 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12514/protecting-student-records-and-facilitating-education-research-a-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - Designed to protect the privacy of individual student test scores, grades, and other education records, the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) of 1974 places limits the access of educational researches, and slows research not only in education but also in related fields, such as child welfare and health. Recent trends have converged to greatly increase the supply of data on student performance in public schools. Education policies now emphasize education standards and testing to measure progress toward those standards, as well as rigorous education research. At the same time, private firms and public agencies, including schools, have replaced most paper records with electronic data systems. Although these databases represent a rich source of longitudinal data, researchers' access to the individually identifiable data they contain is limited by the privacy protections of FERPA. To explore possibilities for data access and confidentiality in compliance with FERPA and with the Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects, the National Academies and the American Educational Research Association convened the Workshop on Protecting Student Records and Facilitating Education Research in April 2008. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Cori Vancheri TI - Innovations in Health Literacy Research: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/13016 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13016/innovations-in-health-literacy-research-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Nearly nine out of 10 adults have difficulty using everyday health information to make good health decisions. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Roundtable on Health Literacy held a meeting on May 27, 2010, to explore areas for research in health literacy, the relationship between health literacy and health disparities, and ways to apply information technology to improve health literacy. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Cynthia B. Lloyd A2 - Jere R. Behrman A2 - Nelly P. Stromquist A2 - Barney Cohen TI - The Changing Transitions to Adulthood in Developing Countries: Selected Studies SN - DO - 10.17226/11524 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11524/the-changing-transitions-to-adulthood-in-developing-countries-selected-studies PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Serving as a companion to Growing Up Global, this book from the National Research Council explores how the transition to adulthood is changing in developing countries in light of globalization and what the implications of these changes might be for those responsible for designing youth policies and programs. Presenting a detailed series of studies, this volume both complements its precursor and makes for a useful contribution in its own right. It should be of significant interest to scholars, leaders of civil society, and those charged with designing youth policies and programs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Lyla Hernandez A2 - Suzanne Landi TI - Promoting Health Literacy to Encourage Prevention and Wellness: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/13186 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13186/promoting-health-literacy-to-encourage-prevention-and-wellness-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Health literacy has been shown to affect health outcomes. The use of preventive services improves health and prevents costly health care expenditures. Several studies have found that health literacy makes a difference in the extent to which populations use preventive services. On September 15, 2009, the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Health Literacy held a workshop to explore approaches to integrate health literacy into primary and secondary prevention. Promoting Health Literacy to Encourage Prevention and Wellness serves as a factual account of the discussion that took place at the workshop. The report describes the inclusion of health literacy into public health prevention programs at the national, state, and local levels; reviews how insurance companies factor health literacy into their prevention programs; and discusses industry contributions to providing health literate primary and secondary prevention. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Joe Alper TI - Health Literacy: Past, Present, and Future: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/21714 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21714/health-literacy-past-present-and-future-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In 2004, the Institute of Medicine released Health Literacy: A Prescription to End Confusion, a report on the then-underappreciated challenge of enabling patients to comprehend their condition and treatment, to make the best decisions for their care, and to take the right medications at the right time in the intended dose. That report documented the problems, origins, and consequences of the fact that tens of millions of U.S. adults are unable to read complex texts, including many health-related materials, and it proposed possible solutions to those problems. To commemorate the anniversary of the release of the 2004 health literacy report, the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Health Literacy convened a 1-day public workshop to assess the progress made in the field of health literacy over the past decade, the current state of the field, and the future of health literacy at the local, national, and international levels. Health Literacy: Past, Present, and Future summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Alexandra Beatty TI - Student Mobility: Exploring the Impacts of Frequent Moves on Achievement: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/12853 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12853/student-mobility-exploring-the-impacts-of-frequent-moves-on-achievement PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - Many low-income families struggle with stable housing and frequently have to move due to foreclosures, rent increases, or other financial setbacks. Children in these families can experience lasting negative effects, especially those who are young and still developing basic learning and social skills. A joint NRC-IOM committee held a workshop in June 2009 to examine these issues, highlight patterns in current research, and discuss how to develop a support system for at-risk children. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Path to the Ph.D.: Measuring Graduate Attrition in the Sciences and Humanities SN - DO - 10.17226/5195 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5195/the-path-to-the-phd-measuring-graduate-attrition-in-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - There is a growing concern among educators and policymakers about the level of attrition from Ph.D. programs in the sciences and humanities at some U.S. universities. Reliable estimates of graduate student attrition are difficult to obtain, however, because most information comes from the administrative records of individual institutions. This book provides a summary of datasets that could be used to analyze patterns of graduate student attrition and degree completion nationally, along with an analysis of recent studies on the subject. Based on this information, the committee examines the feasibility of designing a system to produce national estimates of graduate student attrition. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Joe Alper TI - Facilitating Health Communication with Immigrant, Refugee, and Migrant Populations Through the Use of Health Literacy and Community Engagement Strategies: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/24845 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24845/facilitating-health-communication-with-immigrant-refugee-and-migrant-populations-through-the-use-of-health-literacy-and-community-engagement-strategies PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The increasingly diverse ethnic composition of the United States population has created a profound and ongoing demographic shift, and public health and health care organizations face many challenges as they move to address and adapt to this change. To better understand how the public health and health care communities can meet the challenges of serving an increasingly diverse population, the Roundtable on Health Literacy conducted a public workshop on facilitating health communication with immigrant, refugee, and migrant populations through the use of health literate approaches. The goal of the workshop was to identify approaches that will enable organizations that serve these ethnically and culturally diverse populations in a manner that allows all members of these communities to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and the services needed to make appropriate health and personal decisions. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Maria Hewitt TI - Improving Health Literacy Within a State: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/13185 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13185/improving-health-literacy-within-a-state-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Health literacy is the degree to which individuals can obtain, process, and understand the basic health information and services they need to make appropriate health decisions. According to Health Literacy: A Prescription to End Confusion (IOM, 2004), nearly half of all American adults--90 million people--have inadequate health literacy to navigate the healthcare system. To address issues raised in that report, the Institute of Medicine convened the Roundtable on Health Literacy, which brings together leaders from the federal government, foundations, health plans, associations, and private companies to discuss challenges facing health literacy practice and research and to identify approaches to promote health literacy in both the public and private sectors. On November 30, 2010, the roundtable cosponsored a workshop with the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Anderson School of Management in Los Angeles. Improving Health Literacy Within a State serves as a summary of what occurred at the workshop. The workshop focused on understanding what works to improve health literacy across a state, including how various stakeholders have a role in improving health literacy. The focus of the workshop was on presentations and discussions that address (1) the clinical impacts of health literacy improvement approaches; (2) economic outcomes of health literacy implementation; and (3) how various stakeholders can affect health literacy. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Joe Alper TI - Developing a National STEM Workforce Strategy: A Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/21900 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21900/developing-a-national-stem-workforce-strategy-a-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - The future competitiveness of the United States in an increasingly interconnected global economy depends on the nation fostering a workforce with strong capabilities and skills in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). STEM knowledge and skills enable both individual opportunity and national competitiveness, and the nation needs to develop ways of ensuring access to high-quality education and training experiences for all students at all levels and for all workers at all career stages. The National Science Foundation (NSF) holds a primary responsibility for overseeing the federal government’s efforts to foster the creation of a STEM-capable workforce. As part of its efforts in this endeavor, NSF’s Directorate on Education and Human Resources asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a workshop that would contribute to NSF’s preparation of a theoretical and evidence-based STEM Workforce Development R&D Core Framework. Participants discussed research themes, identified gaps and emerging research opportunities, and recommended refinements in the goals of the framework. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jon E. Burkhardt A2 - David J. Bernstein A2 - Kathryn Kulbicki A2 - David W. Eby A2 - Lisa J. Molnar A2 - Charles A. Nelson A2 - James M. McLary TI - Travel Training for Older Adults Part I: A Handbook DO - 10.17226/22299 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22299/travel-training-for-older-adults-part-i-a-handbook PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 168: Travel Training for Older Adults, Part I: A Handbook presents a comprehensive roadmap for designing a travel training program to meet the mobility needs of older persons. The Handbook, Part I, addresses the primary components of an effective travel training program and provides an extensive set of guidelines for transit agencies and human services providers on how to build and implement training programs to help older adults who are able to use fixed-route public transit.The supplemental research report, Part II, reviews the research plan that produced this report as well as the case studies used to formulate the overall strategic program.An Executive Summary brochure summarizes the highlights of TCRP Report 168, Parts I and II. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Melissa French A2 - Lyla M. Hernandez TI - Organizational Change to Improve Health Literacy: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/18378 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18378/organizational-change-to-improve-health-literacy-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Organizational Change to Improve Health Literacy is the summary of a workshop convened in April 2013 by the Institute of Medicine Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice Roundtable on Health Literacy. As a follow up to the 2012 discussion paper Ten Attributes of a Health Literate Health Care Organization, participants met to examine what is known about implementation of the attributes of a health literate health care organization and to create a network of health literacy implementers who can share information about health literacy innovations and problem solving. This report discusses implementation approaches and shares tools that could be used in implementing specific literacy strategies. Although health literacy is commonly defined as an individual trait, there is a growing appreciation that health literacy does not depend on the skills of individuals alone. Health literacy is the product of the interaction between individuals' capacities and the health literacy-related demands and complexities of the health care system. System changes are needed to better align health care demands with the public's skills and abilities. Organizational Change to Improve Health Literacy focuses on changes that could be made to achieve this goal. ER -