TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Fishing Vessel Safety: Blueprint for a National Program SN - DO - 10.17226/1622 PY - 1991 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1622/fishing-vessel-safety-blueprint-for-a-national-program PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - In response to a continuing high loss of commercial fishing vessels and crews, the U.S. Congress has mandated development of new safety requirements for the industry. This volume provides a blueprint for an integrated national safety program that responds realistically to industry conditions, with priority on the most cost-effective alternatives. Fishing Vessel Safety addresses the role of the U.S. Coast Guard and the fishing industry and evaluates such safety measures as vessel inspection and registration, and the training and licensing of fishermen. It explores vessel condition, the role of human behavior, the problem of weather prediction, the high cost of insurance, and more. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Rick Erdtmann A2 - Laura B. Sivitz TI - Advancing Prion Science: Guidance for the National Prion Research Program SN - DO - 10.17226/10862 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10862/advancing-prion-science-guidance-for-the-national-prion-research-program PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Agriculture AB - In Advancing Prion Science, the Institute of Medicine’s Committee on Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Assessment of Relevant Science recommends priorities for research and investment to the Department of Defense’s National Prion Research Program (NPRP). Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), also called prion diseases, are invariably fatal neurodegenerative infectious diseases that include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (commonly called mad cow disease), chronic wasting disease, scrapie, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. To develop antemortem diagnostics or therapies for TSEs, the committee concludes that NPRP should invest in basic research specifically to elucidate the structural features of prions, the molecular mechanisms of prion replication, the mechanisms of TSE pathogenesis, and the physiological function of prions’ normal cellular isoform. Advancing Prion Science provides the first comprehensive reference on present knowledge about all aspects of TSEs—from basic science to the U.S. research infrastructure, from diagnostics to surveillance, and from prevention to treatment. ER - TY - BOOK A2 - May R. Berenbaum TI - Buzzwords: A Scientist Muses on Sex, Bugs, and Rock 'n' Roll DO - 10.17226/9744 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9744/buzzwords-a-scientist-muses-on-sex-bugs-and-rock-n PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Explore Science KW - Agriculture AB - What sort of person devotes their life to the study of bugs? How do you picture your average, every-day entomologist? "I've been photographed on several occasions," writes author May Berenbaum, "and it seems that every time, photographers ask me to pose in one of three ways: seated in front of a microscope, with an insect (usually a cockroach) on my face, or with an insect net clutched in my hand." In Buzzwords, Berenbaum expertly blows away these stereotypes with short takes on all things entomological—from the story of a pet ant kept for 14 years to major motion pictures featuring cockroaches. Buzzwords showcases the Best of Berenbaum, a selection from her humor column in the American Entomologist professional journal, accompanied by a number of original pieces written for this book. "I know people are reading these columns," she notes, "because they write me letters that point out all the mistakes I've made!" The book comes in four parts: How entomologists see insects, including their view of a U.S. government plan to eradicate illicit coca fields by dropping caterpillars from airplanes. How the rest of the world sees insects, with Berenbaum's proposed classificatory scheme for placing Spider Man, Firefly, and other cartoon superheroes into well-defined taxa. How entomologists view themselves—featuring Bambi Berenbaum, a gorgeous entomologist created for an episode of TV's popular "The X-Files," whose character was inspired when the scriptwriter consulted Berenbaum's books. How entomologists see their colleagues, with various views on scholarly citation, motion sickness, and more. Along the way are some thought-provoking observations—for example, about the impact of television on public knowledge of science. In one poll, Berenbaum writes, 35% of adults said they believed that prehistoric humans coexisted with dinosaurs, a la the Flintstones. Berenbaum even takes on the controversy over alternative medicine, fearlessly purchasing Chinese medicinal insects during a professional trip to Vancouver, which also happened to be her honeymoon. "Okay, so maybe giving two talks at an International Congress of Entomology is not everybody's idea of a romantic honeymoon venue, but it seemed like a good idea at the time." Berenbaum is a noted scientist in a field that doesn't always gets the respect it deserves, but she shows us that there's a fun and even freaky side of life with insects. While working on the University of Illinois' annual Insect Fear Film Festival she received a letter from a "crush freak" who waxed lyrical about a young, sexy babe with a size 9 or 10 shoe. Berenbaum writes, "On the one hand, it's almost gratifying to think that insect pest management can arouse people's interest to such an extreme extent. On the other hand, it has convinced me not to list my shoe size in the biographical sketch of my next book." Readers will appreciate learning how the word "shloop" was introduced to the medical literature when physicians used a metal suction tip to remove a cockroach from a patient's ear canal, and how one investigator named a series of subspecies bobana, cocana, dodana, and so forth, "anticipating by 60 years the song, 'The Name Game,' by Shirley Ellis." Although you'll chuckle all the way, Berenbaum has the last laugh, giving powerful lessons in the spectacular diversity of the insect world and the nature of scientific discovery, cleverly packaged as witty observations on subjects far and wide. If you're a scientist or you like reading about science—better yet, if you've ever found a fly in your soup (or worried that you might have unknowingly just slurped one down with your tomato bisque—this book is for you. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Guidelines for the Investigation of Grain Dust Explosions: Report DO - 10.17226/18698 PY - 1983 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18698/guidelines-for-the-investigation-of-grain-dust-explosions-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Cotton Boll Weevil: An Evaluation of USDA Programs : a Report DO - 10.17226/18570 PY - 1981 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18570/cotton-boll-weevil-an-evaluation-of-usda-programs-a-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Insect-Pest Management and Control DO - 10.17226/18674 PY - 1969 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18674/insect-pest-management-and-control PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK TI - Agricultural Development and Environmental Research: American and Czechoslovak Perspectives: Proceedings of a Bilateral Workshop DO - 10.17226/19179 PY - 1987 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19179/agricultural-development-and-environmental-research-american-and-czechoslovak-perspectives-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros: Current Knowledge and Recommended Research. DO - 10.17226/18642 PY - 1980 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18642/wild-and-free-roaming-horses-and-burros-current-knowledge-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Changes in the Sheep Industry in the United States: Making the Transition from Tradition SN - DO - 10.17226/12245 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12245/changes-in-the-sheep-industry-in-the-united-states-making PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - The U.S. sheep industry is complex, multifaceted, and rooted in history and tradition. The dominant feature of sheep production in the United States, and, thus, the focus of much producer and policy concern, has been the steady decline in sheep and lamb inventories since the mid-1940s. Although often described as "an industry in decline," this report concludes that a better description of the current U.S. sheep industry is "an industry in transition." ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture SN - DO - 10.17226/9598 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9598/the-future-role-of-pesticides-in-us-agriculture PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide use—concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agriculture—globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Emerging Technologies to Benefit Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia SN - DO - 10.17226/12455 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12455/emerging-technologies-to-benefit-farmers-in-sub-saharan-africa-and-south-asia PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - Increased agricultural productivity is a major stepping stone on the path out of poverty in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, but farmers there face tremendous challenges improving production. Poor soil, inefficient water use, and a lack of access to plant breeding resources, nutritious animal feed, high quality seed, and fuel and electricity-combined with some of the most extreme environmental conditions on Earth-have made yields in crop and animal production far lower in these regions than world averages. Emerging Technologies to Benefit Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia identifies sixty emerging technologies with the potential to significantly improve agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Eighteen technologies are recommended for immediate development or further exploration. Scientists from all backgrounds have an opportunity to become involved in bringing these and other technologies to fruition. The opportunities suggested in this book offer new approaches that can synergize with each other and with many other activities to transform agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program: A Way Forward SN - DO - 10.17226/13511 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13511/using-science-to-improve-the-blm-wild-horse-and-burro-program PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program: A Way Forward reviews the science that underpins the Bureau of Land Management's oversight of free-ranging horses and burros on federal public lands in the western United States, concluding that constructive changes could be implemented. The Wild Horse and Burro Program has not used scientifically rigorous methods to estimate the population sizes of horses and burros, to model the effects of management actions on the animals, or to assess the availability and use of forage on rangelands. Evidence suggests that horse populations are growing by 15 to 20 percent each year, a level that is unsustainable for maintaining healthy horse populations as well as healthy ecosystems. Promising fertility-control methods are available to help limit this population growth, however. In addition, science-based methods exist for improving population estimates, predicting the effects of management practices in order to maintain genetically diverse, healthy populations, and estimating the productivity of rangelands. Greater transparency in how science-based methods are used to inform management decisions may help increase public confidence in the Wild Horse and Burro Program. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Guidelines for the Investigation of Grain Dust Explosions DO - 10.17226/10954 PY - 1983 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10954/guidelines-for-the-investigation-of-grain-dust-explosions PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK TI - Prevention of Grain Elevator and Mill Explosions DO - 10.17226/10953 PY - 1982 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10953/prevention-of-grain-elevator-and-mill-explosions PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK TI - Nutritional Energetics of Domestic Animals and Glossary of Energy Terms SN - DO - 10.17226/1670 PY - 1981 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1670/nutritional-energetics-of-domestic-animals-and-glossary-of-energy-terms PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Livestock SN - DO - 10.17226/1584 PY - 1993 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1584/livestock PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - Agricultural techniques used to increase production of cattle, sheep, and other major species have actually threatened the future genetic diversity of livestock populations, particularly in the Third World. This volume explores the importance of animal genetic diversity and presents a blueprint for national and international efforts to conserve animal genetic resources. It also evaluates genetic techniques useful in conservation programs and provides specific recommendations for establishing data bases and conducting research. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Vitamin Tolerance of Animals SN - DO - 10.17226/949 PY - 1987 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/949/vitamin-tolerance-of-animals PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - Many feedstuffs and forages do not provide the dietary vitamins necessary for optimum growth and development, making supplementation necessary. This volume offers a practical, well-organized guide to safe levels of vitamin supplementation in all major domestic species, including poultry, cattle, sheep, and fishes. Fourteen essential vitamins are discussed with information on requirements in various species, deficiency symptoms, metabolism, indications of hypervitaminosis, and safe dosages. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Marine Aquaculture: Opportunities for Growth SN - DO - 10.17226/1892 PY - 1992 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1892/marine-aquaculture-opportunities-for-growth PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - Coastal farming and ocean ranching of marine fish, shellfish, crustaceans, and seaweed are a major and growing industry worldwide. In the United States, freshwater aquaculture is rapidly becoming a significant commercial activity; however, marine aquaculture has lagged behind. This book examines the obstacles to developing marine aquaculture in the United States and offers specific recommendations for technology and policy strategies to encourage this industry. The volume provides a wealth of information on the status of marine aquaculture—including comparisons between U.S. and foreign approaches to policy and technology and of the diverse species under culture. Marine Aquaculture also describes problems of coordination of regulatory policy among various federal, state, and local government agencies and escalating competition for the use of coastal waters. It addresses environmental concerns and suggests engineering and research strategies for alleviating negative impacts from marine aquaculture operations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Microlivestock: Little-Known Small Animals with a Promising Economic Future SN - DO - 10.17226/1831 PY - 1991 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1831/microlivestock-little-known-small-animals-with-a-promising-economic-future PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - Microlivestock is a term coined for species that are inherently small as well as for breeds of cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs that are less than about half the size of the most common breeds. These miniature animals are seldom considered in the broad picture of livestock development, but they seem to have a promising future, especially in developing nations or wherever land is scarce. This book raises awareness of the potential of these small species, including microcattle, microsheep, various poultry, rabbits, rodents, deer, antelope, and lizards. It also strives to stimulate their introduction into animal research and economic development programs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics for Management SN - DO - 10.17226/619 PY - 1986 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/619/pesticide-resistance-strategies-and-tactics-for-management PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - Based on a symposium sponsored by the Board on Agriculture, this comprehensive book explores the problem of pesticide resistance; suggests new approaches to monitor, control, or prevent resistance; and identifies the changes in public policy necessary to protect crops and human health from the ravages of pests. The volume synthesizes the most recent information from a wide range of disciplines, including entomology, genetics, plant pathology, biochemistry, economics, and public policy. It also suggests research avenues that would indicate how to counter future problems. A glossary provides the reader with additional guidance. ER -