TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Marine Aquaculture: Opportunities for Growth SN - DO - 10.17226/1892 PY - 1992 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1892/marine-aquaculture-opportunities-for-growth PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - Coastal farming and ocean ranching of marine fish, shellfish, crustaceans, and seaweed are a major and growing industry worldwide. In the United States, freshwater aquaculture is rapidly becoming a significant commercial activity; however, marine aquaculture has lagged behind. This book examines the obstacles to developing marine aquaculture in the United States and offers specific recommendations for technology and policy strategies to encourage this industry. The volume provides a wealth of information on the status of marine aquaculture—including comparisons between U.S. and foreign approaches to policy and technology and of the diverse species under culture. Marine Aquaculture also describes problems of coordination of regulatory policy among various federal, state, and local government agencies and escalating competition for the use of coastal waters. It addresses environmental concerns and suggests engineering and research strategies for alleviating negative impacts from marine aquaculture operations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Educating the Next Generation of Agricultural Scientists DO - 10.17226/18633 PY - 1988 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18633/educating-the-next-generation-of-agricultural-scientists PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Insect-Pest Management and Control DO - 10.17226/18674 PY - 1969 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18674/insect-pest-management-and-control PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Amaranth: Modern Prospects for an Ancient Crop DO - 10.17226/19381 PY - 1984 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19381/amaranth-modern-prospects-for-an-ancient-crop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK TI - Races of Maize in Brazil and Other Eastern South American Countries DO - 10.17226/21224 PY - 1958 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21224/races-of-maize-in-brazil-and-other-eastern-south-american-countries PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK TI - Agricultural Development and Environmental Research: American and Czechoslovak Perspectives: Proceedings of a Bilateral Workshop DO - 10.17226/19179 PY - 1987 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19179/agricultural-development-and-environmental-research-american-and-czechoslovak-perspectives-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - World Food and Nutrition Study: Enhancement of Food Production for the United States : a Report of the Board on Agriculture and Renewable Resources, Commission on Natural Resources, National Research Council, Prepared for the NRC Study on World Food and DO - 10.17226/18644 PY - 1975 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18644/world-food-and-nutrition-study-enhancement-of-food-production-for PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - A Review of Methods for Detecting Soreness in Horses SN - DO - 10.17226/25949 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25949/a-review-of-methods-for-detecting-soreness-in-horses PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - During the last century and today, the Tennessee walking horse has been used primarily for pleasure and show competition. Unique and natural to the breed is a smooth four-beat "running walk" gait. In the 1950s the accentuated or exaggerated running walk, known as the "big lick" became popular at high-level competitions. The combination of exaggerated high-action step in front and long stride behind is still considered desirable in today's horse show competitions, and it is often achieved through soring. Soring is the practice of applying a substance or mechanical device to the lower limb of a horse that will create enough pain that the horse will exaggerate its gait to relieve the discomfort. In 1970 Congress put into law the Horse Protection Act (HPA) to specifically address the practice of soring by prohibiting the showing, exhibition, or sale of Tennessee walking horses that are found to be sore. Sadly, soring is still being done even after 50 years of HPA enforcement. This report reviews the methods for detecting soreness in horses, in hopes of advancing the goal of ultimately eliminating the act of soring in horses and improving the welfare of Tennessee walking horses. A Review of Methods for Detecting Soreness in Horses examines what is known about the quality and consistency of available methods to identify soreness in horses; identifies potential new and emerging methods, approaches, and technologies for detecting hoof and pastern pain and its causes; and identifies research and technology needs to improve the reliability of methods to detect soreness. This independent study will help ensure that HPA inspection protocols are based on sound scientific principles that can be applied with consistency and objectivity. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Professional Societies and Ecologically Based Pest Management: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/9888 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9888/professional-societies-and-ecologically-based-pest-management-proceedings-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - The National Research Council's (NRC) Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources invited professional societies associated with agriculture and ecology to participate in a two-day workshop to explore leadership and a common vision for ecologically based pest management (EBPM). These proceedings describe the challenges of and opportunities for EBPM discussed by participants in the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Review of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Response to Petitions to Reclassify the Light Brown Apple Moth as a Non-Actionable Pest: A Letter Report DO - 10.17226/12762 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12762/review-of-the-us-department-of-agricultures-animal-and-plant-health-inspection-service-response-to-petitions-to-reclassify-the-light-brown-apple-moth-as-a-non-actionable-pest PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has classified the Light Brown Apple Moth (LBAM)--originally from Australia and confirmed in California in 2007--as an "actionable quarantine significant pest" and has applied its authority to implement a program of quarantine restrictions and eradication, which has been met with some public resistance. Some have petitioned for the LBAM to be reclassified as a "non-actionable pest" based on the argument that the moth is not a significant pest economically and can be controlled by means other than eradication. APHIS asked the Research Council to evaluate the scientific justification of the draft response APHIS wrote to answer the petitions. This report from the National Research Council concludes that APHIS is within its broad regulatory authority to classify the LBAM as an "actionable" pest. However, APHIS would benefit greatly from referencing more robust science to support its position, as its draft response did not adequately explain the moth's most likely future geographic distribution in the United States or the level of economic harm it could cause. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture SN - DO - 10.17226/9598 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9598/the-future-role-of-pesticides-in-us-agriculture PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide use—concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agriculture—globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - A Critique of the California Department of Food and Agriculture Pierce's Disease/Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter Board's Request for Proposals: Critique of RFP Letter Report DO - 10.17226/27145 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27145/a-critique-of-the-california-department-of-food-and-agriculture-pierces-diseaseglassy-winged-sharpshooter-boards-request-for-proposals PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - This letter describes the work of the Committee on Assistance to the California Department of Food and Agriculture Pierces Disease/Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter Board on Grapevine Viruses and Grapevine Disease Research and critiques the California Department of Food and Agriculture Pierces Disease/Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter Board Request for Proposals that was issued in December 2022. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Managing Global Genetic Resources: Agricultural Crop Issues and Policies SN - DO - 10.17226/2116 PY - 1993 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2116/managing-global-genetic-resources-agricultural-crop-issues-and-policies PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - This anchor volume to the series Managing Global Genetic Resources examines the structure that underlies efforts to preserve genetic material, including the worldwide network of genetic collections; the role of biotechnology; and a host of issues that surround management and use. Among the topics explored are in situ versus ex situ conservation, management of very large collections of genetic material, problems of quarantine, the controversy over ownership or copyright of genetic material, and more. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Emerging Technologies to Benefit Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia SN - DO - 10.17226/12455 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12455/emerging-technologies-to-benefit-farmers-in-sub-saharan-africa-and-south-asia PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - Increased agricultural productivity is a major stepping stone on the path out of poverty in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, but farmers there face tremendous challenges improving production. Poor soil, inefficient water use, and a lack of access to plant breeding resources, nutritious animal feed, high quality seed, and fuel and electricity-combined with some of the most extreme environmental conditions on Earth-have made yields in crop and animal production far lower in these regions than world averages. Emerging Technologies to Benefit Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia identifies sixty emerging technologies with the potential to significantly improve agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Eighteen technologies are recommended for immediate development or further exploration. Scientists from all backgrounds have an opportunity to become involved in bringing these and other technologies to fruition. The opportunities suggested in this book offer new approaches that can synergize with each other and with many other activities to transform agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Science and Its Role in the National Marine Fisheries Service SN - DO - 10.17226/10387 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10387/science-and-its-role-in-the-national-marine-fisheries-service PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - NMFS has a difficult and complex task in managing U.S. marine fisheries. Despite some successes, too many stocks continue to decline. Over the past decade, several problems have been identified that have contributed to the current dissatisfaction with how marine fisheries are managed. This dissatisfaction is evident from the large number of lawsuits filed by the fishing industry and environmental organizations. One central problem is overfishing. Overfishing issues have been discussed in a series of NRC reports, and these reports identify overcapitalization, and technological and gear improvements as some of the causes. The reports recommend ways to stem these problems and to advance the practice of fishery science at NMFS. This report reiterates some of these recommendations, and makes new recommendations to enhance the use of data and science for fisheries management. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Publicly Funded Agricultural Research and the Changing Structure of U.S. Agriculture SN - DO - 10.17226/10211 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10211/publicly-funded-agricultural-research-and-the-changing-structure-of-us-agriculture PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) requested that the Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources of the National Research Council (NRC) convene a panel of experts to examine whether publicly funded agricultural research has influenced the structure of U.S. agriculture and, if so, how. The Committee to Review the Role of Publicly Funded Agricultural Research on the Structure of U.S. Agriculture was asked to assess the role of public-sector agricultural research on changes in the size and numbers of farms, with particular emphasis on the evolution of very-large-scale operations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States SN - DO - 10.17226/12804 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12804/the-impact-of-genetically-engineered-crops-on-farm-sustainability-in-the-united-states PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - Since genetically engineered (GE) crops were introduced in 1996, their use in the United States has grown rapidly, accounting for 80-90 percent of soybean, corn, and cotton acreage in 2009. To date, crops with traits that provide resistance to some herbicides and to specific insect pests have benefited adopting farmers by reducing crop losses to insect damage, by increasing flexibility in time management, and by facilitating the use of more environmentally friendly pesticides and tillage practices. However, excessive reliance on a single technology combined with a lack of diverse farming practices could undermine the economic and environmental gains from these GE crops. Other challenges could hinder the application of the technology to a broader spectrum of crops and uses. Several reports from the National Research Council have addressed the effects of GE crops on the environment and on human health. However, The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States is the first comprehensive assessment of the environmental, economic, and social impacts of the GE-crop revolution on U.S. farms. It addresses how GE crops have affected U.S. farmers, both adopters and nonadopters of the technology, their incomes, agronomic practices, production decisions, environmental resources, and personal well-being. The book offers several new findings and four recommendations that could be useful to farmers, industry, science organizations, policy makers, and others in government agencies. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Frontiers in Agricultural Research: Food, Health, Environment, and Communities SN - DO - 10.17226/10585 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10585/frontiers-in-agricultural-research-food-health-environment-and-communities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - This report is a congressionally mandated review of the US Department of Agriculture’s Research, Education, and Economics (REE) mission area, the main engine of publicly funded agricultural research in the United States. A changing social and scientific context of agriculture requires a new vision of agricultural research -- one that will support agriculture as a positive economic, social, and environmental force. REE is uniquely positioned to advance new research frontiers in environment, public health, and rural communities. The report recommends that REE be more anticipatory and strategic in its use of limited resources and guide and champion new directions in research. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Scientific Advances in Animal Nutrition: Promise for the New Century: Proceedings of a Symposium SN - DO - 10.17226/10299 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10299/scientific-advances-in-animal-nutrition-promise-for-the-new-century PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - The science of animal nutrition has made significant advances in the past century. In looking back at the discoveries of the 20th century, we can appreciate the tremendous impact that animal nutrition has had on our lives. From the discovery of vitamins and the sweeping shift in the use of oilseeds to replace animal products as dietary protein sources for animals during the war times of the 1900s-to our integral understanding of nutrients as regulators of gene expression today-animal nutrition has been the cornerstone for scientific advances in many areas. At the milestone of their 70th year of service to the nation, the National Research Council's (NRC) Committee on Animal Nutrition (CAN) sought to gain a better understanding of the magnitude of recent discoveries and directions in animal nutrition for the new century we are embarking upon. With financial support from the NRC, the committee was able to organize and host a symposium that featured scientists from many backgrounds who were asked to share their ideas about the potential of animal nutrition to address current problems and future challenges. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Ecologically Based Pest Management: New Solutions for a New Century SN - DO - 10.17226/5135 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5135/ecologically-based-pest-management-new-solutions-for-a-new-century PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - Widespread use of broad-spectrum chemical pesticides has revolutionized pest management. But there is growing concern about environmental contamination and human health risks—and continuing frustration over the ability of pests to develop resistance to pesticides. In Ecologically Based Pest Management, an expert committee advocates the sweeping adoption of ecologically based pest management (EBPM) that promotes both agricultural productivity and a balanced ecosystem. This volume offers a vision and strategies for creating a solid, comprehensive knowledge base to support a pest management system that incorporates ecosystem processes supplemented by a continuum of inputs—biological organisms, products, cultivars, and cultural controls. The result will be safe, profitable, and durable pest management strategies. The book evaluates the feasibility of EBPM and examines how best to move beyond optimal examples into the mainstream of agriculture. The committee stresses the need for information, identifies research priorities in the biological as well as socioeconomic realm, and suggests institutional structures for a multidisciplinary research effort. Ecologically Based Pest Management addresses risk assessment, risk management, and public oversight of EBPM. The volume also overviews the history of pest management—from the use of sulfur compounds in 1000 B.C. to the emergence of transgenic technology. Ecologically Based Pest Management will be vitally important to the agrichemical industry; policymakers, regulators, and scientists in agriculture and forestry; biologists, researchers, and environmental advocates; and interested growers. ER -