TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Sharing the Fish: Toward a National Policy on Individual Fishing Quotas SN - DO - 10.17226/6335 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6335/sharing-the-fish-toward-a-national-policy-on-individual-fishing PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture KW - Earth Sciences AB - Most U.S. fish stocks are fully or over-exploited, and harvesting in many fisheries far exceeds sustainable levels. The individual fishing quota (IFQ) is a relatively new instrument under which harvesting privileges are allocated to individual fishermen—innovative yet controversial for its feared effect on fishing communities and individual fishermen. Based on testimony from fishermen, regulators, environmentalists, and others, Sharing the Fish explores how IFQs might address the serious social, economic, and biologic issues raised by depleted fish stocks. In their approach to a national policy on IFQs, the panel makes direct recommendations to Congress, the Secretary of Commerce, the National Marine Fisheries Service, regional fishery management councils, state authorities, and others. This book provides definitions and examples, reviews legislation and regulations, and includes lessons learned from fisheries on the U.S. East Coast and in Alaska, and in Iceland, New Zealand, and other nations. The committee discusses the public trust doctrine, management of common-pool resources, alternative and complementary approaches to the IFQ, and more. Sharing the Fish provides straightforward answers that will be important to fishery policymakers and regulators, natural resource economists, fishery managers, environmental advocates, and concerned fishermen and their communities. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Sustaining Marine Fisheries SN - DO - 10.17226/6032 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6032/sustaining-marine-fisheries PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture KW - Earth Sciences AB - Fluctuations and declines in marine fish populations have caused growing concern among marine scientists, fisheries managers, commercial and recreational fishers, and the public. Sustaining Marine Fisheries explores the nature of marine ecosystems and the complex interacting factors that shape their productivity. The book documents the condition of marine fisheries today, highlighting species and geographic areas that are under particular stress. Challenges to achieving sustainability are discussed, and shortcomings of existing fisheries management and regulation are examined. The volume calls for fisheries management to adopt a broader ecosystem perspective that encompasses all relevant environmental and human influences. Sustaining Marine Fisheries offers new approaches to building workable fisheries management institutions, improving scientific data, and developing management tools. The book recommends ways to change current practices that encourage overexploitation of fish resources. It will be of special interest to marine policymakers and ecologists, fisheries regulators and managers, fisheries scientists and marine ecologists, fishers, and concerned individuals. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Community Development Quota Program in Alaska SN - DO - 10.17226/6114 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6114/the-community-development-quota-program-in-alaska PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture KW - Earth Sciences AB - This book reviews the performance and effectiveness of the Community Development Quotas (CDQ) programs that were formed as a result of the Sustainable Fisheries Act of 1996. The CDQ program is a method of allocating access to fisheries to eligible communities with the intent of promoting local social and economic conditions through participation in fishing-related activities. The book looks at those Alaskan fisheries that have experience with CDQs, such as halibut, pollock, sablefish, and crab, and comments on the extent to which the programs have met their objectives—helping communities develop ongoing commercial fishing and processing activities, creating employment opportunities, and providing capital for investment in fishing, processing, and support projects such as infrastructure. It also considers how CDQ-type programs might apply in the Western Pacific. ER - TY - BOOK TI - (NAS Colloquium) Plants and Population: Is There Time? DO - 10.17226/9619 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9619/nas-colloquium-plants-and-population-is-there-time PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture KW - Environment and Environmental Studies ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - John F. Geweke A2 - James T. Bonnen A2 - Andrew A. White A2 - Jeffrey J. Koshel TI - Sowing Seeds of Change: Informing Public Policy in the Economic Research Service of USDA SN - DO - 10.17226/6320 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6320/sowing-seeds-of-change-informing-public-policy-in-the-economic PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Agriculture AB - Every day economic decisions are made in the public and private sectors, based on limited information and analysis. The analysis and information needed for successful public policy has changed rapidly with the growth of the global economy, and so have the means for acquiring them. In the public sector, decision makers rely on information gathered within government agencies, as well as the work of academics and private firms. Sowing the Seeds provides a case study of the need for analysis and information in support of public policy. It combines lessons learned from one of the first government agencies devoted primarily to this function with modern economic theory of organizations. The panel provides analysis and insight on: How and why public economic policy evolves with technological advances. The nature of information and analysis in support of economic policy produced in a government agency. The characteristics of successful information and analysis programs. Evaluating the work of a government agency providing information and analysis. Effective administration and organization of research and information programs in a government agency. Findings and recommendations in this volume will be of interest to managers and executives of research and consulting organizations in the public and private sectors, as well as to economists and policy makers. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - The Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performance SN - DO - 10.17226/9620 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9620/the-role-of-protein-and-amino-acids-in-sustaining-and-enhancing-performance PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture KW - Food and Nutrition AB - It is a commonly held belief that athletes, particularly body builders, have greater requirements for dietary protein than sedentary individuals. However, the evidence in support of this contention is controversial. This book is the latest in a series of publications designed to inform both civilian and military scientists and personnel about issues related to nutrition and military service. Among the many other stressors they experience, soldiers face unique nutritional demands during combat. Of particular concern is the role that dietary protein might play in controlling muscle mass and strength, response to injury and infection, and cognitive performance. The first part of the book contains the committee's summary of the workshop, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The remainder of the book contains papers contributed by speakers at the workshop on such topics as, the effects of aging and hormones on regulation of muscle mass and function, alterations in protein metabolism due to the stress of injury or infection, the role of individual amino acids, the components of proteins, as neurotransmitters, hormones, and modulators of various physiological processes, and the efficacy and safety considerations associated with dietary supplements aimed at enhancing performance. ER -