%0 Book %A National Research Council %T Cooperative Research in the National Marine Fisheries Service %@ 978-0-309-09074-2 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10836/cooperative-research-in-the-national-marine-fisheries-service %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10836/cooperative-research-in-the-national-marine-fisheries-service %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Earth Sciences %P 146 %X In recent years there has been growing interest in having fisheries stakeholders involved in various aspects of fisheries data collection and experimentation. This activity is generally known as cooperative research and may take many forms, including gear technology studies, bycatch avoidance studies, and surveys. While the process is not new, the current interest in cooperative research and the growing frequency of direct budgetary allocation for cooperative research prompted this report. Cooperative Research in the National Marine Fisheries Service addresses issues essential for the effective design and implementation of cooperative and collaborative research programs. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Erdtmann, Rick %E Sivitz, Laura B. %T Advancing Prion Science: Guidance for the National Prion Research Program %@ 978-0-309-09060-5 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10862/advancing-prion-science-guidance-for-the-national-prion-research-program %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10862/advancing-prion-science-guidance-for-the-national-prion-research-program %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Agriculture %P 288 %X In Advancing Prion Science, the Institute of Medicine’s Committee on Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Assessment of Relevant Science recommends priorities for research and investment to the Department of Defense’s National Prion Research Program (NPRP). Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), also called prion diseases, are invariably fatal neurodegenerative infectious diseases that include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (commonly called mad cow disease), chronic wasting disease, scrapie, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. To develop antemortem diagnostics or therapies for TSEs, the committee concludes that NPRP should invest in basic research specifically to elucidate the structural features of prions, the molecular mechanisms of prion replication, the mechanisms of TSE pathogenesis, and the physiological function of prions’ normal cellular isoform. Advancing Prion Science provides the first comprehensive reference on present knowledge about all aspects of TSEs—from basic science to the U.S. research infrastructure, from diagnostics to surveillance, and from prevention to treatment. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care: Proceedings of the November 2003 International Workshop %@ 978-0-309-09302-6 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11138/the-development-of-science-based-guidelines-for-laboratory-animal-care %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11138/the-development-of-science-based-guidelines-for-laboratory-animal-care %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 262 %X The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care is the summary of an international workshop held in Washington, DC, in November 2003 to bring together experts from around the world to discuss the available knowledge that can positively influence current and pending guidelines for laboratory animal care, identify gaps in that knowledge in order to encourage future research endeavors, and discuss the scientific evidence that can be used to assess the benefits and costs of various regulatory approaches affecting facilities, research, and animal welfare. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Managing the Columbia River: Instream Flows, Water Withdrawals, and Salmon Survival %@ 978-0-309-09155-8 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10962/managing-the-columbia-river-instream-flows-water-withdrawals-and-salmon %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10962/managing-the-columbia-river-instream-flows-water-withdrawals-and-salmon %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Earth Sciences %P 260 %X Flows of the Columbia River, although modified substantially during the twentieth century, still vary considerably between seasons and between years. Lowest flows tend to occur during summer months when demand for irrigation water is at its highest and when water temperatures are greatest. These periods of low flows, high demand, and high temperature are critical periods for juvenile salmon migrating downstream through the Columbia River hydropower system. Although impacts on salmon of any individual water withdrawal may be small, the cumulative effects of numerous withdrawals will affect Columbia River flows and would pose increased risks to salmon survival. The body of scientific knowledge explaining salmon migratory behavior and physiology is substantial, but imperfect, and decision makers should acknowledge this and be willing to take action in the face of uncertainties. In order to provide a more comprehensive water permitting process, the State of Washington, Canada, other basin states, and tribal groups should establish a basin-wide forum to consider future water withdrawal application permits. If the State of Washington issues additional permits for water withdrawals from the Columbia River, those permits should contain provisions that allow withdrawals to be curtailed during critical high-demand periods. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Atlantic Salmon in Maine %@ 978-0-309-09135-0 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10892/atlantic-salmon-in-maine %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10892/atlantic-salmon-in-maine %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 304 %X Because of the pervasive and substantial decline of Atlantic salmon populations in Maine over the past 150 years, and because they are close to extinction, a comprehensive statewide action should be taken now to ensure their survival. The populations of Atlantic salmon have declined drastically, from an estimated half million adult salmon returning to U.S. rivers each year in the early 1800s to perhaps as few as 1,000 in 2001. The report recommends implementing a formalized decision-making approach to establish priorities, evaluate options and coordinate plans for conserving and restoring the salmon. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Endangered and Threatened Fishes in the Klamath River Basin: Causes of Decline and Strategies for Recovery %@ 978-0-309-09097-1 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10838/endangered-and-threatened-fishes-in-the-klamath-river-basin-causes %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10838/endangered-and-threatened-fishes-in-the-klamath-river-basin-causes %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Agriculture %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 424 %X In 1988 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed two endemic fishes of the upper Klamath River basin of Oregon and California, the sucker and the Lost River sucker, as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). In 1997, the National Marine Fisheries Service added the Southern Oregon Northern coastal California (SONCC) coho salmon as a threatened species to the list. The leading factors attributed to the decline of these species were overfishing, blockage of migration, entrainment by water management structures, habitat degradation, nonnative species, and poor water quality. Endangered and Threatened Fishes of the Klamath River Basin addresses the scientific aspects related to the continued survival of coho salmon and shortnose and Lost River suckers in the Klamath River. The book further examines and identifies gaps in the knowledge and scientific information needed for recovery of the listed species and proves an assessment of scientific considerations relevant to strategies for promoting the recovery of those species.