%0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States %@ 978-0-309-14708-8 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12804/the-impact-of-genetically-engineered-crops-on-farm-sustainability-in-the-united-states %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12804/the-impact-of-genetically-engineered-crops-on-farm-sustainability-in-the-united-states %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 270 %X Since genetically engineered (GE) crops were introduced in 1996, their use in the United States has grown rapidly, accounting for 80-90 percent of soybean, corn, and cotton acreage in 2009. To date, crops with traits that provide resistance to some herbicides and to specific insect pests have benefited adopting farmers by reducing crop losses to insect damage, by increasing flexibility in time management, and by facilitating the use of more environmentally friendly pesticides and tillage practices. However, excessive reliance on a single technology combined with a lack of diverse farming practices could undermine the economic and environmental gains from these GE crops. Other challenges could hinder the application of the technology to a broader spectrum of crops and uses. Several reports from the National Research Council have addressed the effects of GE crops on the environment and on human health. However, The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States is the first comprehensive assessment of the environmental, economic, and social impacts of the GE-crop revolution on U.S. farms. It addresses how GE crops have affected U.S. farmers, both adopters and nonadopters of the technology, their incomes, agronomic practices, production decisions, environmental resources, and personal well-being. The book offers several new findings and four recommendations that could be useful to farmers, industry, science organizations, policy makers, and others in government agencies. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Strategic Planning for the Florida Citrus Industry: Addressing Citrus Greening Disease %@ 978-0-309-15207-5 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12880/strategic-planning-for-the-florida-citrus-industry-addressing-citrus-greening %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12880/strategic-planning-for-the-florida-citrus-industry-addressing-citrus-greening %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 328 %X Citrus greening, a disease that reduces yield, compromises the flavor, color, and size of citrus fruit and eventually kills the citrus tree, is now present in all 34 Floridian citrus-producing counties. Caused by an insect-spread bacterial infection, the disease reduced citrus production in 2008 by several percent and continues to spread, threatening the existence of Florida's $9.3 billion citrus industry. A successful citrus greening response will focus on earlier detection of diseased trees, so that these sources of new infections can be removed more quickly, and on new methods to control the insects that carry the bacteria. In the longerterm, technologies such as genomics could be used to develop new citrus strains that are resistant to both the bacteria and the insect. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Haytmanek, Elizabeth %E McClure, Katherine %T Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-14018-8 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12698/mitigating-the-nutritional-impacts-of-the-global-food-price-crisis %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12698/mitigating-the-nutritional-impacts-of-the-global-food-price-crisis %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Agriculture %P 200 %X In 2007 and 2008, the world witnessed a dramatic increase in food prices. The global financial crisis that began in 2008 compounded the burden of high food prices, exacerbating the problems of hunger and malnutrition in developing countries. The tandem food price and economic crises struck amidst the massive, chronic problem of hunger and undernutrition in developing countries. National governments and international actors have taken a variety of steps to mitigate the negative effects of increased food prices on particular groups. The recent abrupt increase in food prices, in tandem with the current global economic crisis, threatens progress already made in these areas, and could inhibit future efforts. The Institute of Medicine held a workshop, summarized in this volume, to describe the dynamic technological, agricultural, and economic issues contributing to the food price increases of 2007 and 2008 and their impacts on health and nutrition in resource-poor regions. The compounding effects of the current global economic downturn on nutrition motivated additional discussions on these dual crises, their impacts on the nutritional status of vulnerable populations, and opportunities to mitigate their negative nutritional effects.