%0 Book %A National Research Council %T Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp %@ 978-0-309-47322-4 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13039/nutrient-requirements-of-fish-and-shrimp %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13039/nutrient-requirements-of-fish-and-shrimp %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 392 %X Aquaculture now supplies half of the seafood and fisheries products consumed worldwide and is gaining international significance as a source of food and income. Future demands for seafood and fisheries products can only be met by expanded aquaculture production. Such production will likely become more intensive and will depend increasingly on nutritious and efficient aquaculture feeds containing ingredients from sustainable sources. To meet this challenge, Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp provides a comprehensive summary of current knowledge about nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp and supporting nutritional science. This edition incorporates new material and significant updates to information in the 1993 edition. It also examines the practical aspects of feeding of fish and shrimp. Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp will be a key resource for everyone involved in aquaculture and for others responsible for the feeding and care of fish and shrimp. It will also aid scientists in developing new and improved approaches to satisfy the demands of the growing aquaculture industry. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Feasibility of Using Mycoherbicides for Controlling Illicit Drug Crops %@ 978-0-309-22171-9 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13278/feasibility-of-using-mycoherbicides-for-controlling-illicit-drug-crops %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13278/feasibility-of-using-mycoherbicides-for-controlling-illicit-drug-crops %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 186 %X The control of illicit-drug trafficking and drug use is a difficult and complex process that involves a variety of prevention, control, treatment, and law enforcement strategies. Eradication strategies for controlling illicit-drug crops are used to target the beginning of the drug-supply chain by preventing or reducing crop yields. Mycoherbicides have been proposed as an eradication tool to supplement the current methods of herbicide spraying, mechanical removal, and manual destruction of illicit-drug crops. Some people regard them as preferable to chemical herbicides for controlling illicit-drug crops because of their purported specificity to only one plant species or a few closely related species. As living microorganisms, they have the potential to provide long-term control if they can persist in the environment and affect later plantings. Research on mycoherbicides against illicit-drug crops has focused on three pathogens: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cannabis for cannabis (Cannabis sativa), F. oxysporum f.sp. erythroxyli for coca (Erythroxylum coca and E. novogranatense), and Crivellia papaveracea or Brachycladium papaveris (formerly known as Pleospora papaveracea and Dendryphion penicillatum, respectively) for opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Feasibility of Using Mycoherbicides for Controlling Illicit Drug Crops addresses issues about the potential use of the proposed mycoherbicides: their effectiveness in eradicating their target plants; the feasibility of their large-scale industrial manufacture and delivery; their potential spread and persistence in the environment; their pathogenicity and toxicity to nontarget organisms, including other plants, fungi, animals, and humans; their potential for mutation and resulting effects on target plants and nontarget organisms; and research and development needs. On the basis of its review, the report concludes that the available data are insufficient to determine the effectiveness of the specific fungi proposed as mycoherbicides to combat illicit-drug crops or to determine their potential effects on nontarget plants, microorganisms, animals, humans, or the environment. However, the committee offers an assessment of what can and cannot be determined at the present time regarding each of the issues raised in the statement of task. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Guidance for the Description of Animal Research in Scientific Publications %@ 978-0-309-21951-8 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13241/guidance-for-the-description-of-animal-research-in-scientific-publications %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13241/guidance-for-the-description-of-animal-research-in-scientific-publications %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 42 %X The publication of research articles involving animal studies is central to many disciplines in science and biomedicine. Effective descriptions in such publications enable researchers to interpret the data, evaluate and replicate findings, and move the science forward. Analyses of published studies with research animals have demonstrated numerous deficiencies in the reporting of details in research methods for animal studies. Considerable variation in the amount of information required by scientific publications and reported by authors undermines this basic scientific principle and results in the unnecessary use of animals and other resources in failed efforts to reproduce study results. Guidance for the Description of Animal Research in Scientific Publications outlines the information that should be included in scientific papers regarding the animal studies to ensure that the study can be replicated. The report urges journal editors to actively promote effective and ethical research by encouraging the provision of sufficient information. Examples of this information include: conditions of housing and husbandry, genetic nomenclature, microbial status, detailed experimental manipulations, and handling and use of pharmaceuticals. Inclusion of this information will enable assessment and interpretation of research findings and advancement of knowledge based on reproducible results. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Animal Research in a Global Environment: Meeting the Challenges: Proceedings of the November 2008 International Workshop %@ 978-0-309-21502-2 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13175/animal-research-in-a-global-environment-meeting-the-challenges-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13175/animal-research-in-a-global-environment-meeting-the-challenges-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 284 %X Animal research will play an essential role in efforts to meet increasing demands for global health care. Yet the animal research community faces the challenge of overcoming negative impressions that industry and academia engage in international collaborations in order to conduct work in parts of the world where animal welfare standards are less stringent. Thus, the importance of ensuring the international harmonization of the principles and standards of animal care and use cannot be overstated. A number of national and international groups are actively working toward this goal. The Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR), a program unit of the US National Research Council, is committed to promoting both the welfare of animals used in research and the quality of the resulting science. In 2008, to follow up on the 2003 event, ILAR convened a workshop which brought together 200 participants from 17 countries. Their mission was to identify and promote better understanding of important challenges in the conduct of animal research across country boundaries. These challenges include: the sourcing of animals; the quality of veterinary care; competent staff; the provision of a suitable environment (including nutritious food and potable water) for animals; and ongoing oversight of the animal program; among others. Animal Research in a Global Environment summarizes the proceedings of the 2008 workshop. The impact of this 2008 workshop has extended beyond the oral presentations conveyed in these proceedings. It has been a vital bridge for diverse colleagues and organizations around the world to advance initiatives designed to fill gaps in standards, professional qualifications, and coordination of animal use. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals: Eighth Edition %@ 978-0-309-15400-0 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12910/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals-eighth %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12910/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals-eighth %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 246 %X A respected resource for decades, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals has been updated by a committee of experts, taking into consideration input from the scientific and laboratory animal communities and the public at large. The Guide incorporates new scientific information on common laboratory animals, including aquatic species, and includes extensive references. It is organized around major components of animal use: Key concepts of animal care and use. The Guide sets the framework for the humane care and use of laboratory animals. Animal care and use program. The Guide discusses the concept of a broad Program of Animal Care and Use, including roles and responsibilities of the Institutional Official, Attending Veterinarian and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Animal environment, husbandry, and management. A chapter on this topic is now divided into sections on terrestrial and aquatic animals and provides recommendations for housing and environment, husbandry, behavioral and population management, and more. Veterinary care. The Guide discusses veterinary care and the responsibilities of the Attending Veterinarian. It includes recommendations on animal procurement and transportation, preventive medicine (including animal biosecurity), and clinical care and management. The Guide addresses distress and pain recognition and relief, and issues surrounding euthanasia. Physical plant. The Guide identifies design issues, providing construction guidelines for functional areas; considerations such as drainage, vibration and noise control, and environmental monitoring; and specialized facilities for animal housing and research needs. The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides a framework for the judgments required in the management of animal facilities. This updated and expanded resource of proven value will be important to scientists and researchers, veterinarians, animal care personnel, facilities managers, institutional administrators, policy makers involved in research issues, and animal welfare advocates. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Altevogt, Bruce M. %E Pankevich, Diana E. %E Shelton-Davenport, Marilee K. %E Kahn, Jeffrey P. %T Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity %@ 978-0-309-22039-2 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13257/chimpanzees-in-biomedical-and-behavioral-research-assessing-the-necessity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13257/chimpanzees-in-biomedical-and-behavioral-research-assessing-the-necessity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Health and Medicine %K Agriculture %P 200 %X For many years, experiments using chimpanzees have been instrumental in advancing scientific knowledge and have led to new medicines to prevent life-threatening and debilitating diseases. However, recent advances in alternate research tools have rendered chimpanzees largely unnecessary as research subjects. The Institute of Medicine, in collaboration with the National Research Council, conducted an in-depth analysis of the scientific necessity for chimpanzees in NIH-funded biomedical and behavioral research. The committee concludes that while the chimpanzee has been a valuable animal model in the past, most current biomedical research use of chimpanzees is not necessary, though noted that it is impossible to predict whether research on emerging or new diseases may necessitate chimpanzees in the future. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Olsen, LeighAnne %E Choffnes, Eileen R. %E Relman, David A. %E Pray, Leslie %T Fungal Diseases: An Emerging Threat to Human, Animal, and Plant Health: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-21226-7 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13147/fungal-diseases-an-emerging-threat-to-human-animal-and-plant %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13147/fungal-diseases-an-emerging-threat-to-human-animal-and-plant %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Agriculture %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 488 %X Fungal diseases have contributed to death and disability in humans, triggered global wildlife extinctions and population declines, devastated agricultural crops, and altered forest ecosystem dynamics. Despite the extensive influence of fungi on health and economic well-being, the threats posed by emerging fungal pathogens to life on Earth are often underappreciated and poorly understood. On December 14 and 15, 2010, the IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the scientific and policy dimensions associated with the causes and consequences of emerging fungal diseases.