%0 Book %A National Research Council %T Allocating Federal Funds for State Programs for English Language Learners %@ 978-0-309-18658-2 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13090/allocating-federal-funds-for-state-programs-for-english-language-learners %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13090/allocating-federal-funds-for-state-programs-for-english-language-learners %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 240 %X As the United States continues to be a nation of immigrants and their children, the nation's school systems face increased enrollments of students whose primary language is not English. With the 2001 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) in the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), the allocation of federal funds for programs to assist these students to be proficient in English became formula-based: 80 percent on the basis of the population of children with limited English proficiency1 and 20 percent on the basis of the population of recently immigrated children and youth. Title III of NCLB directs the U.S. Department of Education to allocate funds on the basis of the more accurate of two allowable data sources: the number of students reported to the federal government by each state education agency or data from the American Community Survey (ACS). The department determined that the ACS estimates are more accurate, and since 2005, those data have been basis for the federal distribution of Title III funds. Subsequently, analyses of the two data sources have raised concerns about that decision, especially because the two allowable data sources would allocate quite different amounts to the states. In addition, while shortcomings were noted in the data provided by the states, the ACS estimates were shown to fluctuate between years, causing concern among the states about the unpredictability and unevenness of program funding. In this context, the U.S. Department of Education commissioned the National Research Council to address the accuracy of the estimates from the two data sources and the factors that influence the estimates. The resulting book also considers means of increasing the accuracy of the data sources or alternative data sources that could be used for allocation purposes. %0 Book %T Who Are These People?: A Guide for Child Care Professionals %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10696/who-are-these-people-a-guide-for-child-care-professionals %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10696/who-are-these-people-a-guide-for-child-care-professionals %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 16 %X As children spend an increasing portion of their day outside the home, it has become even more important that they are consistently exposed to positive and productive experiences, especially during their formative years. High-quality care is no longer a plus—it's a must. With the goal of making daily caregiving easier and more enjoyable, the National Academies and the McCormick Tribune Foundation have partnered to produce this useful and informative booklet. Based on key findings described in two recent reports on early childhood development and education from the National Academies—From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development and Eager to Learn: Educating Our Preschoolers—it offers helpful suggestions and practical guidance to child care providers, educators, and even interested parents. Concentrating specifically on infants, toddlers, and preschoolers, Who Are These People?: A Guide for Child Care Professionals provides information and inspiration to everyone who interacts with young children on a regular basis. Copies are available free of charge in English or Spanish. Get yours today by phoning Customer Service toll free at 1-800-624-6242. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Takanishi, Ruby %E Le Menestrel, Suzanne %T Promoting the Educational Success of Children and Youth Learning English: Promising Futures %@ 978-0-309-45537-4 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24677/promoting-the-educational-success-of-children-and-youth-learning-english %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24677/promoting-the-educational-success-of-children-and-youth-learning-english %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 528 %X Educating dual language learners (DLLs) and English learners (ELs) effectively is a national challenge with consequences both for individuals and for American society. Despite their linguistic, cognitive, and social potential, many ELs—who account for more than 9 percent of enrollment in grades K-12 in U.S. schools—are struggling to meet the requirements for academic success, and their prospects for success in postsecondary education and in the workforce are jeopardized as a result. Promoting the Educational Success of Children and Youth Learning English: Promising Futures examines how evidence based on research relevant to the development of DLLs/ELs from birth to age 21 can inform education and health policies and related practices that can result in better educational outcomes. This report makes recommendations for policy, practice, and research and data collection focused on addressing the challenges in caring for and educating DLLs/ELs from birth to grade 12. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Redesigning the U.S. Naturalization Tests: Interim Report %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11168/redesigning-the-us-naturalization-tests-interim-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11168/redesigning-the-us-naturalization-tests-interim-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %P 41 %0 Book %T Improving Social Science in the Former Soviet Union: The U.S. Role %D 1992 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10465/improving-social-science-in-the-former-soviet-union-the-us %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10465/improving-social-science-in-the-former-soviet-union-the-us %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %P 31 %0 Book %T Spotlight on Heterogeneity: The Federal Standards for Racial and Ethnic Classification %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9060/spotlight-on-heterogeneity-the-federal-standards-for-racial-and-ethnic %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9060/spotlight-on-heterogeneity-the-federal-standards-for-racial-and-ethnic %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %P 81 %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Edmonston, Barry %T Statistics on U.S. Immigration: An Assessment of Data Needs for Future Research %@ 978-0-309-05275-7 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4942/statistics-on-us-immigration-an-assessment-of-data-needs-for %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4942/statistics-on-us-immigration-an-assessment-of-data-needs-for %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 104 %X The growing importance of immigration in the United States today prompted this examination of the adequacy of U.S. immigration data. This volume summarizes data needs in four areas: immigration trends, assimilation and impacts, labor force issues, and family and social networks. It includes recommendations on additional sources for the data needed for program and research purposes, and new questions and refinements of questions within existing data sources to improve the understanding of immigration and immigrant trends. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Waters, Mary C. %E Pineau, Marisa Gerstein %T The Integration of Immigrants into American Society %@ 978-0-309-37398-2 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21746/the-integration-of-immigrants-into-american-society %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21746/the-integration-of-immigrants-into-american-society %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 458 %X The United States prides itself on being a nation of immigrants, and the country has a long history of successfully absorbing people from across the globe. The integration of immigrants and their children contributes to our economic vitality and our vibrant and ever changing culture. We have offered opportunities to immigrants and their children to better themselves and to be fully incorporated into our society and in exchange immigrants have become Americans - embracing an American identity and citizenship, protecting our country through service in our military, fostering technological innovation, harvesting its crops, and enriching everything from the nation's cuisine to its universities, music, and art. Today, the 41 million immigrants in the United States represent 13.1 percent of the U.S. population. The U.S.-born children of immigrants, the second generation, represent another 37.1 million people, or 12 percent of the population. Thus, together the first and second generations account for one out of four members of the U.S. population. Whether they are successfully integrating is therefore a pressing and important question. Are new immigrants and their children being well integrated into American society, within and across generations? Do current policies and practices facilitate their integration? How is American society being transformed by the millions of immigrants who have arrived in recent decades? To answer these questions, this new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine summarizes what we know about how immigrants and their descendants are integrating into American society in a range of areas such as education, occupations, health, and language. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Olson, Steve %E Majmundar, Malay K. %T Forced Migration Research: From Theory to Practice in Promoting Migrant Well-Being: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-49816-6 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25584/forced-migration-research-from-theory-to-practice-in-promoting-migrant %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25584/forced-migration-research-from-theory-to-practice-in-promoting-migrant %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 124 %X In 2018, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees estimated 70.8 million people could be considered forced migrants, which is nearly double their estimation just one decade ago. This includes internally displaced persons, refugees, asylum seekers, and stateless people. This drastic increase in forced migrants exacerbates the already urgent need for a systematic policy-related review of the available data and analyses on forced migration and refugee movements. To explore the causes and impacts of forced migration and population displacement, the National Academies convened a two-day workshop on May 21-22, 2019. The workshop discussed new approaches in social demographic theory, methodology, data collection and analysis, and practice as well as applications to the community of researchers and practitioners who are concerned with better understanding and assisting forced migrant populations. This workshop brought together stakeholders and experts in demography, public health, and policy analysis to review and address some of the domestic implications of international migration and refugee flows for the United States. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Hernandez, Donald J. %T Children of Immigrants: Health, Adjustment, and Public Assistance %@ 978-0-309-06545-0 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9592/children-of-immigrants-health-adjustment-and-public-assistance %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9592/children-of-immigrants-health-adjustment-and-public-assistance %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 672 %X Immigrant children and youth are the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. population, and so their prospects bear heavily on the well-being of the country. Children of Immigrants represents some of the very best and most extensive research efforts to date on the circumstances, health, and development of children in immigrant families and the delivery of health and social services to these children and their families. This book presents new, detailed analyses of more than a dozen existing datasets that constitute a large share of the national system for monitoring the health and well-being of the U.S. population. Prior to these new analyses, few of these datasets had been used to assess the circumstances of children in immigrant families. The analyses enormously expand the available knowledge about the physical and mental health status and risk behaviors, educational experiences and outcomes, and socioeconomic and demographic circumstances of first- and second-generation immigrant children, compared with children with U.S.-born parents. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Sepúlveda, Martín-José %E Hutton, Rebekah %T Shaping Summertime Experiences: Opportunities to Promote Healthy Development and Well-Being for Children and Youth %@ 978-0-309-49657-5 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25546/shaping-summertime-experiences-opportunities-to-promote-healthy-development-and-well %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25546/shaping-summertime-experiences-opportunities-to-promote-healthy-development-and-well %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 230 %X For children and youth, summertime presents a unique break from the traditional structure, resources, and support systems that exist during the school year. For some students, this time involves opportunities to engage in fun and enriching activities and programs, while others face additional challenges as they lose a variety of supports, including healthy meals, medical care, supervision, and structured programs that enhance development. Children that are limited by their social, economic, or physical environments during the summer months are at higher risk for worse academic, health, social and emotional, and safety outcomes. In contrast, structured summertime activities and programs support basic developmental needs and positive outcomes for children and youth who can access and afford these programs. These discrepancies in summertime experiences exacerbate pre-existing academic inequities. While further research is needed regarding the impact of summertime on developmental domains outside of the academic setting, extensive literature exists regarding the impact of summertime on academic development trajectories. However, this knowledge is not sufficiently applied to policy and practice, and it is important to address these inequalities. Shaping Summertime Experiences examines the impact of summertime experiences on the developmental trajectories of school-age children and youth across four areas of well-being, including academic learning, social and emotional development, physical and mental health, and health-promoting and safety behaviors. It also reviews the state of science and available literature regarding the impact of summertime experiences. In addition, this report provides recommendations to improve the experiences of children over the summertime regarding planning, access and equity, and opportunities for further research and data collection. %0 Book %E Hernandez, Donald J. %E Charney, Evan %T From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families %@ 978-0-309-06561-0 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6164/from-generation-to-generation-the-health-and-well-being-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6164/from-generation-to-generation-the-health-and-well-being-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 336 %X Immigrant children and youth are the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population, and so their prospects bear heavily on the well-being of the country. However, relevant public policy is shaped less by informed discussion than by politicized contention over welfare reform and immigration limits. From Generation to Generation explores what we know about the development of white, black, Hispanic, and Asian children and youth from numerous countries of origin. Describing the status of immigrant children and youth as "severely understudied," the committee both draws on and supplements existing research to characterize the current status and outlook of immigrant children. The book discusses the many factors—family size, fluency in English, parent employment, acculturation, delivery of health and social services, and public policies—that shape the outlook for the lives of these children and youth. The committee makes recommendations for improved research and data collection designed to advance knowledge about these children and, as a result, their visibility in current policy debates. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Smith, James P. %E Edmonston, Barry %T The New Americans: Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration %@ 978-0-309-06356-2 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5779/the-new-americans-economic-demographic-and-fiscal-effects-of-immigration %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5779/the-new-americans-economic-demographic-and-fiscal-effects-of-immigration %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 448 %X This book sheds light on one of the most controversial issues of the decade. It identifies the economic gains and losses from immigration—for the nation, states, and local areas—and provides a foundation for public discussion and policymaking. Three key questions are explored: What is the influence of immigration on the overall economy, especially national and regional labor markets? What are the overall effects of immigration on federal, state, and local government budgets? What effects will immigration have on the future size and makeup of the nation's population over the next 50 years? The New Americans examines what immigrants gain by coming to the United States and what they contribute to the country, the skills of immigrants and those of native-born Americans, the experiences of immigrant women and other groups, and much more. It offers examples of how to measure the impact of immigration on government revenues and expenditures—estimating one year's fiscal impact in California, New Jersey, and the United States and projecting the long-run fiscal effects on government revenues and expenditures. Also included is background information on immigration policies and practices and data on where immigrants come from, what they do in America, and how they will change the nation's social fabric in the decades to come. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Blau, Francine D. %E Mackie, Christopher %T The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration %@ 978-0-309-44445-3 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23550/the-economic-and-fiscal-consequences-of-immigration %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23550/the-economic-and-fiscal-consequences-of-immigration %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 642 %X The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Allen, LaRue %E Hutton, Rebekah %T Closing the Opportunity Gap for Young Children %@ 978-0-309-69461-2 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26743/closing-the-opportunity-gap-for-young-children %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26743/closing-the-opportunity-gap-for-young-children %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 452 %X Many young children in the United States are thriving and have access to the conditions and resources they need to grow up healthy. However, a substantial number of young children face more challenging conditions such as: poverty; food insecurity; exposure to violence; and inadequate access to health care, well-funded quality schools, and mental health care. In many cases, the historical origins of unequal access to crucial supports for children's physical, emotional, and cognitive development are rooted in policies that intentionally segregated and limited various populations' access to resources and create opportunity gaps that intertwine and compound to affect academic, health, and economic outcomes over an individual's life course and across generations. Closing the Opportunity Gap for Young Children, identifies and describes the causes, costs, and effects of the opportunity gap in young children and explores how disparities in access to quality educational experiences, health care, and positive developmental experiences from birth through age eight intersect with key academic, health, and economic outcomes. The report identifies drivers of these gaps in three key domains—education, mental health, and physical health—and offers recommendations for policy makers for addressing these gaps so that all children in the United States have the opportunity to thrive. In addition, the report offers a detailed set of recommendations for policy makers, practitioners, community organizations, and philanthropic organizations to reduce opportunity gaps in education, health, and social-emotional development. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Coker, Tumaini Rucker %E Gootman, Jennifer Appleton %E Backes, Emily P. %T Addressing the Long-Term Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Families %@ 978-0-309-69695-1 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26809/addressing-the-long-term-effects-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-children-and-families %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26809/addressing-the-long-term-effects-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-children-and-families %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 288 %X The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on the lives of children and their families, who have faced innumerable challenges such as illness and death; school closures; social isolation; financial hardship; food insecurity; deleterious mental health effects; and difficulties accessing health care. In almost every outcome related to social, emotional, behavioral, educational, mental, physical, and economic health and well-being, families identifying as Black, Latino, and Native American, and those with low incomes, have disproportionately borne the brunt of the negative effects of the pandemic. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and families will be felt for years to come. While these long-term effects are unknown, they are likely to have particularly significant implications for children and families from racially and ethnically minoritized communities and with low incomes. Addressing the Long-Term Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Families identifies social, emotional, behavioral, educational, mental, physical, and economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and looks at strategies for addressing the challenges and obstacles that the pandemic introduced for children and families in marginalized communities. This report provides recommendations for programs, supports, and interventions to counteract the negative effects of the pandemic on child and family well-being and offers a path forward to recover from the harms of the pandemic, address inequities, and prepare for the future. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Transition to Democracy: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-04441-7 %D 1991 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1755/the-transition-to-democracy-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1755/the-transition-to-democracy-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 104 %X One of the most exciting and hopeful trends of the past 15 years has been the worldwide movement away from authoritarian governments. The collapse of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe is only the latest and most dramatic element in a process that began in the mid-1970s and still seems to be gaining momentum in such areas as subsaharan Africa. This book summarizes the presentations and discussions at a workshop for the U.S. Agency for International Development that explored what is known about transitions to democracy in various parts of the world and what the United States can do to support the democratization process. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Allen, LaRue %E Kelly, Bridget B. %T Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8: A Unifying Foundation %@ 978-0-309-32485-4 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19401/transforming-the-workforce-for-children-birth-through-age-8-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19401/transforming-the-workforce-for-children-birth-through-age-8-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 706 %X Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Smith, James P. %E Edmonston, Barry %T The Immigration Debate: Studies on the Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration %@ 978-0-309-05998-5 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5985/the-immigration-debate-studies-on-the-economic-demographic-and-fiscal %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5985/the-immigration-debate-studies-on-the-economic-demographic-and-fiscal %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 472 %X The New Americans (NRC 1997) presents an analysis of the economic gains and losses from immigration—for the nation, states, and local areas—providing a scientific foundation for public discussion and policymaking. This companion book of systematic research presents nine original and synthesis papers with detailed data and analysis that support and extend the work in the first book and point the way for future work. The Immigration Debate includes case studies of the fiscal effects of immigration in New Jersey and California, studies of the impact of immigration on population redistribution and on crime in the United States, and much more. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Patlak, Margie %T Harvesting the Scientific Investment in Prevention Science to Promote Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-31316-2 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18964/harvesting-the-scientific-investment-in-prevention-science-to-promote-childrens-cognitive-affective-and-behavioral-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18964/harvesting-the-scientific-investment-in-prevention-science-to-promote-childrens-cognitive-affective-and-behavioral-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 88 %X Over the past few decades there have been major successes in creating evidence-based interventions to improve the cognitive, affective, and behavioral health of children. Many of these interventions have been put into practice at the local, state, or national level. To reap what has been learned from such implementation, and to explore how new legislation and policies as well as advances in technology and analytical methods can help drive future implementation, the Institute of Medicine-National Research Council Forum on Promoting Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health held the workshop "Harvesting the Scientific Investment in Prevention Science to Promote Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health" in Washington, DC, on June 16 and 17, 2014. The workshop featured panel discussions of system-level levers and blockages to the broad implementation of interventions with fidelity, focusing on policy, finance, and method science; the role of scientific norms, implementation strategies, and practices in care quality and outcomes at the national, state, and local levels; and new methodological directions. The workshop also featured keynote presentations on the role of economics and policy in scaling interventions for children's behavioral health, and making better use of evidence to design informed and more efficient children's mental health systems. Harvesting the Scientific Investment in Prevention Science to Promote Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Rhodes, Holly G. %T Changing Sociocultural Dynamics and Implications for National Security: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-47377-4 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25056/changing-sociocultural-dynamics-and-implications-for-national-security-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25056/changing-sociocultural-dynamics-and-implications-for-national-security-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 86 %X Beginning in October 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a set of workshops designed to gather information for the Decadal Survey of Social and Behavioral Sciences for Applications to National Security. The first workshop focused on changing sociocultural dynamics and implications for national security, and this publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Sullivan, Teresa A. %E Cork, Daniel L. %T Assessing the 2020 Census: Final Report %@ 978-0-309-70646-9 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27150/assessing-the-2020-census-final-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27150/assessing-the-2020-census-final-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 532 %X Since 1790, the U.S. census has been a recurring, essential civic ceremony in which everyone counts; it reaffirms a commitment to equality among all, as political representation is explicitly tied to population counts. Assessing the 2020 Census looks at the quality of the 2020 Census and its constituent operations, drawing appropriate comparisons with prior censuses. The report acknowledges the extraordinary challenges the Census Bureau faced in conducting the census and provides guidance as it plans for the 2030 Census. In addition, the report encourages research and development as the goals and designs for the 2030 Census are developed, urging the Census Bureau to establish a true partnership with census data users and government partners at the state, local, tribal, and federal levels. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Research Needs for Human Factors %@ 978-0-309-07867-2 %D 1983 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/759/research-needs-for-human-factors %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/759/research-needs-for-human-factors %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 170 %0 Book %E West, Kirsten K. %E Hauser, Robert M. %E Scanlan, Terri M. %T Longitudinal Surveys of Children %@ 978-0-309-06192-6 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6254/longitudinal-surveys-of-children %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6254/longitudinal-surveys-of-children %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 128 %X The Committee and the Board on Children, Youth, and Families convened in September a workshop to discuss ways to foster greater collaboration and sharing of information among principal investigators of several longitudinal surveys of children. Among many topics discussed were issues of coverage and balance of content, sampling design and weighting, measurement and analysis, field operations, legitimation and retention of cases, data disclosure and dissemination, and resources available for longitudinal studies. The workshop was sponsored by the National Institute on Justice. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Smelser, Neil J. %E Wilson, William Julius %E Mitchell, Faith %T America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II %@ 978-0-309-06840-6 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9719/america-becoming-racial-trends-and-their-consequences-volume-ii %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9719/america-becoming-racial-trends-and-their-consequences-volume-ii %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 522 %X The 20th Century has been marked by enormous change in terms of how we define race. In large part, we have thrown out the antiquated notions of the 1800s, giving way to a more realistic, sociocultural view of the world. The United States is, perhaps more than any other industrialized country, distinguished by the size and diversity of its racial and ethnic minority populations. Current trends promise that these features will endure. Fifty years from now, there will most likely be no single majority group in the United States. How will we fare as a nation when race-based issues such as immigration, job opportunities, and affirmative action are already so contentious today? In America Becoming, leading scholars and commentators explore past and current trends among African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans in the context of a white majority. This volume presents the most up-to-date findings and analysis on racial and social dynamics, with recommendations for ongoing research. It examines compelling issues in the field of race relations, including: Race and ethnicity in criminal justice. Demographic and social trends for Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans. Trends in minority-owned businesses. Wealth, welfare, and racial stratification. Residential segregation and the meaning of "neighborhood." Disparities in educational test scores among races and ethnicities. Health and development for minority children, adolescents, and adults. Race and ethnicity in the labor market, including the role of minorities in America's military. Immigration and the dynamics of race and ethnicity. The changing meaning of race. Changing racial attitudes. This collection of papers, compiled and edited by distinguished leaders in the behavioral and social sciences, represents the most current literature in the field. Volume 1 covers demographic trends, immigration, racial attitudes, and the geography of opportunity. Volume 2 deals with the criminal justice system, the labor market, welfare, and health trends, Both books will be of great interest to educators, scholars, researchers, students, social scientists, and policymakers. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Smelser, Neil J. %E Wilson, William Julius %E Mitchell, Faith %T America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume I %@ 978-0-309-06838-3 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9599/america-becoming-racial-trends-and-their-consequences-volume-i %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9599/america-becoming-racial-trends-and-their-consequences-volume-i %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 560 %X The 20th Century has been marked by enormous change in terms of how we define race. In large part, we have thrown out the antiquated notions of the 1800s, giving way to a more realistic, sociocultural view of the world. The United States is, perhaps more than any other industrialized country, distinguished by the size and diversity of its racial and ethnic minority populations. Current trends promise that these features will endure. Fifty years from now, there will most likely be no single majority group in the United States. How will we fare as a nation when race-based issues such as immigration, job opportunities, and affirmative action are already so contentious today? In America Becoming, leading scholars and commentators explore past and current trends among African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans in the context of a white majority. This volume presents the most up-to-date findings and analysis on racial and social dynamics, with recommendations for ongoing research. It examines compelling issues in the field of race relations, including: Race and ethnicity in criminal justice. Demographic and social trends for Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans. Trends in minority-owned businesses. Wealth, welfare, and racial stratification. Residential segregation and the meaning of "neighborhood." Disparities in educational test scores among races and ethnicities. Health and development for minority children, adolescents, and adults. Race and ethnicity in the labor market, including the role of minorities in America's military. Immigration and the dynamics of race and ethnicity. The changing meaning of race. Changing racial attitudes. This collection of papers, compiled and edited by distinguished leaders in the behavioral and social sciences, represents the most current literature in the field. Volume 1 covers demographic trends, immigration, racial attitudes, and the geography of opportunity. Volume 2 deals with the criminal justice system, the labor market, welfare, and health trends. Both books will be of great interest to educators, scholars, researchers, students, social scientists, and policymakers. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Preparing for an Aging World: The Case for Cross-National Research %@ 978-0-309-07421-6 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10120/preparing-for-an-aging-world-the-case-for-cross-national %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10120/preparing-for-an-aging-world-the-case-for-cross-national %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 326 %X Aging is a process that encompasses virtually all aspects of life. Because the speed of population aging is accelerating, and because the data needed to study the aging process are complex and expensive to obtain, it is imperative that countries coordinate their research efforts to reap the most benefits from this important information. Preparing for an Aging World looks at the behavioral and socioeconomic aspects of aging, and focuses on work, retirement, and pensions; wealth and savings behavior; health and disability; intergenerational transfers; and concepts of well-being. It makes recommendations for a collection of new, cross-national data on aging populations—data that will allow nations to develop policies and programs for addressing the major shifts in population age structure now occurring. These efforts, if made internationally, would advance our understanding of the aging process around the world. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Preparing For the 2000 Census: Interim Report II %@ 978-0-309-05880-3 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5886/preparing-for-the-2000-census-interim-report-ii %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5886/preparing-for-the-2000-census-interim-report-ii %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 104 %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Moffitt, Robert A. %E Ploeg, Michele Ver %T Evaluating Welfare Reform in an Era of Transition %@ 978-0-309-07274-8 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10020/evaluating-welfare-reform-in-an-era-of-transition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10020/evaluating-welfare-reform-in-an-era-of-transition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 267 %X Reform of welfare is one of the nation's most contentious issues, with debate often driven more by politics than by facts and careful analysis. Evaluating Welfare Reform in an Era of Transition identifies the key policy questions for measuring whether our changing social welfare programs are working, reviews the available studies and research, and recommends the most effective ways to answer those questions. This book discusses the development of welfare policy, including the landmark 1996 federal law that devolved most of the responsibility for welfare policies and their implementation to the states. A thorough analysis of the available research leads to the identification of gaps in what is currently known about the effects of welfare reform. Evaluating Welfare Reform in an Era of Transition specifies what-and why-we need to know about the response of individual states to the federal overhaul of welfare and the effects of the many changes in the nation's welfare laws, policies, and practices. With a clear approach to a variety of issues, Evaluating Welfare Reform in an Era of Transition will be important to policy makers, welfare administrators, researchers, journalists, and advocates on all sides of the issue. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Edmonston, Barry %E Lee, Ronald %T Local Fiscal Effects of Illegal Immigration: Report of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-05592-5 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5516/local-fiscal-effects-of-illegal-immigration-report-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5516/local-fiscal-effects-of-illegal-immigration-report-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 40 %X The recent level of illegal immigration to the United States has increased debates about the effect of these immigrants on the cost of public services, and states have begun to enact policies that limit the public services available to illegal immigrants. The central issues are how many illegal immigrants reside in particular local areas and states and their effect on public expenditures and revenues and the economy in general. The Local Fiscal Effects of Illegal Immigration workshop selected six studies for analysis. The six case studies focused on one specific aspect of the complex question of the demographic, economic, and social effects of immigration: the net public services costs of illegal immigrants to selected geographical regions. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Securing the Vote: Protecting American Democracy %@ 978-0-309-47647-8 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25120/securing-the-vote-protecting-american-democracy %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25120/securing-the-vote-protecting-american-democracy %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 180 %X During the 2016 presidential election, America's election infrastructure was targeted by actors sponsored by the Russian government. Securing the Vote: Protecting American Democracy examines the challenges arising out of the 2016 federal election, assesses current technology and standards for voting, and recommends steps that the federal government, state and local governments, election administrators, and vendors of voting technology should take to improve the security of election infrastructure. In doing so, the report provides a vision of voting that is more secure, accessible, reliable, and verifiable. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Sandefur, Gary D. %E Rindfuss, Ronald R. %E Cohen, Barney %T Changing Numbers, Changing Needs: American Indian Demography and Public Health %@ 978-0-309-05548-2 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5355/changing-numbers-changing-needs-american-indian-demography-and-public-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5355/changing-numbers-changing-needs-american-indian-demography-and-public-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 328 %X The reported population of American Indians and Alaska Natives has grown rapidly over the past 20 years. These changes raise questions for the Indian Health Service and other agencies responsible for serving the American Indian population. How big is the population? What are its health care and insurance needs? This volume presents an up-to-date summary of what is known about the demography of American Indian and Alaska Native population—their age and geographic distributions, household structure, employment, and disability and disease patterns. This information is critical for health care planners who must determine the eligible population for Indian health services and the costs of providing them. The volume will also be of interest to researchers and policymakers concerned about the future characteristics and needs of the American Indian population. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Gadsden, Vivian L. %E Ford, Morgan %E Breiner, Heather %T Parenting Matters: Supporting Parents of Children Ages 0-8 %@ 978-0-309-38854-2 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21868/parenting-matters-supporting-parents-of-children-ages-0-8 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21868/parenting-matters-supporting-parents-of-children-ages-0-8 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 524 %X Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the family—which includes all primary caregivers—are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Rosenfeld, Richard %E Grigg, Amanda %T The Limits of Recidivism: Measuring Success After Prison %@ 978-0-309-27697-9 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26459/the-limits-of-recidivism-measuring-success-after-prison %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26459/the-limits-of-recidivism-measuring-success-after-prison %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 226 %X Nearly 600,000 people are released from state and federal prisons annually. Whether these individuals will successfully reintegrate into their communities has been identified as a critical measure of the effectiveness of the criminal legal system. However, evaluating the successful reentry of individuals released from prison is a challenging process, particularly given limitations of currently available data and the complex set of factors that shape reentry experiences. The Limits of Recidivism: Measuring Success After Prison finds that the current measures of success for individuals released from prison are inadequate. The use of recidivism rates to evaluate post-release success ignores significant research on how and why individuals cease to commit crimes, as well as the important role of structural factors in shaping post-release outcomes. The emphasis on recidivism as the primary metric to evaluate post-release success also ignores progress in other domains essential to the success of individuals returning to communities, including education, health, family, and employment. In addition, the report highlights the unique and essential insights held by those who have experienced incarceration and proposes that the development and implementation of new measures of post-release success would significantly benefit from active engagement with individuals with this lived experience. Despite significant challenges, the report outlines numerous opportunities to improve the measurement of success among individuals released from prison and the report’s recommendations, if implemented, will contribute to policies that increase the health, safety, and security of formerly incarcerated persons and the communities to which they return. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Snair, Megan %T Flourishing in Adolescence: A Virtual Workshop: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-68332-6 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25940/flourishing-in-adolescence-a-virtual-workshop-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25940/flourishing-in-adolescence-a-virtual-workshop-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 84 %X Adolescence is a dynamic time for both brain development and social pressures, making it a critical period to understand mental, emotional, and behavioral health, yet it is often overlooked in terms of policies and service interventions, which makes many young people feel unheard when communicating their own challenges. To explore best practices in providing and supporting adolescent health services and key messaging and communication strategies related to the mental, emotional, and behavioral health of adolescents, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Forum for Children's Well-Being held a workshop on May 5, 2020. The workshop featured a panel of youth representatives who shared their own experiences related to mental, emotional, and behavioral health. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Barabino, Gilda A. %E Fiske, Susan T. %E Scherer, Layne A. %E Vargas, Emily A. %T Advancing Antiracism, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in STEMM Organizations: Beyond Broadening Participation %@ 978-0-309-69669-2 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26803/advancing-antiracism-diversity-equity-and-inclusion-in-stemm-organizations-beyond %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26803/advancing-antiracism-diversity-equity-and-inclusion-in-stemm-organizations-beyond %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 342 %X Individuals from minoritized racial and ethnic groups continue to face systemic barriers that impede their ability to access, persist, and thrive in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) higher education and workforce. Without actively dismantling policies and practices that disadvantage people from minoritized groups, STEMM organizations stand to lose much needed talent and innovation as well as the ideas that come from having a diverse workforce. A new report from the Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences examines the backdrop of systemic racism in the United States that has harmed and continues to harm people from minoritized groups, which is critical for understanding the unequal representation in STEMM. The report outlines actions that top leaders and gatekeepers in STEMM organizations, such as presidents and chief executive officers, can take to foster a culture and climate of antiracism, diversity, equity, and inclusion that is genuinely accessible and supportive to all. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Rivara, Frederick %E Le Menestrel, Suzanne %T Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice %@ 978-0-309-44067-7 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23482/preventing-bullying-through-science-policy-and-practice %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23482/preventing-bullying-through-science-policy-and-practice %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 361 %X Bullying has long been tolerated as a rite of passage among children and adolescents. There is an implication that individuals who are bullied must have "asked for" this type of treatment, or deserved it. Sometimes, even the child who is bullied begins to internalize this idea. For many years, there has been a general acceptance and collective shrug when it comes to a child or adolescent with greater social capital or power pushing around a child perceived as subordinate. But bullying is not developmentally appropriate; it should not be considered a normal part of the typical social grouping that occurs throughout a child's life. Although bullying behavior endures through generations, the milieu is changing. Historically, bulling has occurred at school, the physical setting in which most of childhood is centered and the primary source for peer group formation. In recent years, however, the physical setting is not the only place bullying is occurring. Technology allows for an entirely new type of digital electronic aggression, cyberbullying, which takes place through chat rooms, instant messaging, social media, and other forms of digital electronic communication. Composition of peer groups, shifting demographics, changing societal norms, and modern technology are contextual factors that must be considered to understand and effectively react to bullying in the United States. Youth are embedded in multiple contexts and each of these contexts interacts with individual characteristics of youth in ways that either exacerbate or attenuate the association between these individual characteristics and bullying perpetration or victimization. Recognizing that bullying behavior is a major public health problem that demands the concerted and coordinated time and attention of parents, educators and school administrators, health care providers, policy makers, families, and others concerned with the care of children, this report evaluates the state of the science on biological and psychosocial consequences of peer victimization and the risk and protective factors that either increase or decrease peer victimization behavior and consequences. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Clayton, Ellen Wright %E Krugman, Richard D. %E Simon, Patti %T Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States %@ 978-0-309-28655-8 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18358/confronting-commercial-sexual-exploitation-and-sex-trafficking-of-minors-in-the-united-states %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18358/confronting-commercial-sexual-exploitation-and-sex-trafficking-of-minors-in-the-united-states %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 478 %X Every day in the United States, children and adolescents are victims of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. Despite the serious and long-term consequences for victims as well as their families, communities, and society, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes are largely under supported, inefficient, uncoordinated, and unevaluated. Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States examines commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents of the United States under age 18. According to this report, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes require better collaborative approaches that build upon the capabilities of people and entities from a range of sectors. In addition, such efforts need to confront demand and the individuals who commit and benefit from these crimes. The report recommends increased awareness and understanding, strengthening of the law's response, strengthening of research to advance understanding and to support the development of prevention and intervention strategies, support for multi-sector and interagency collaboration, and creation of a digital information-sharing platform. A nation that is unaware of these problems or disengaged from solutions unwittingly contributes to the ongoing abuse of minors. If acted upon in a coordinated and comprehensive manner, the recommendations of Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States can help advance and strengthen the nation's emerging efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Kizer, Kenneth W. %E Le Menestrel, Suzanne %T Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society %@ 978-0-309-48953-9 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25380/strengthening-the-military-family-readiness-system-for-a-changing-american-society %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25380/strengthening-the-military-family-readiness-system-for-a-changing-american-society %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 384 %X The U.S. military has been continuously engaged in foreign conflicts for over two decades. The strains that these deployments, the associated increases in operational tempo, and the general challenges of military life affect not only service members but also the people who depend on them and who support them as they support the nation – their families. Family members provide support to service members while they serve or when they have difficulties; family problems can interfere with the ability of service members to deploy or remain in theater; and family members are central influences on whether members continue to serve. In addition, rising family diversity and complexity will likely increase the difficulty of creating military policies, programs and practices that adequately support families in the performance of military duties. Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society examines the challenges and opportunities facing military families and what is known about effective strategies for supporting and protecting military children and families, as well as lessons to be learned from these experiences. This report offers recommendations regarding what is needed to strengthen the support system for military families. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Patterson, Charlotte J. %E Sepúlveda, Martín-José %E White, Jordyn %T Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations %@ 978-0-309-68081-3 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25877/understanding-the-well-being-of-lgbtqi-populations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25877/understanding-the-well-being-of-lgbtqi-populations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 436 %X The increase in prevalence and visibility of sexually gender diverse (SGD) populations illuminates the need for greater understanding of the ways in which current laws, systems, and programs affect their well-being. Individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, asexual, transgender, non-binary, queer, or intersex, as well as those who express same-sex or -gender attractions or behaviors, will have experiences across their life course that differ from those of cisgender and heterosexual individuals. Characteristics such as age, race and ethnicity, and geographic location intersect to play a distinct role in the challenges and opportunities SGD people face. Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations reviews the available evidence and identifies future research needs related to the well-being of SDG populations across the life course. This report focuses on eight domains of well-being; the effects of various laws and the legal system on SGD populations; the effects of various public policies and structural stigma; community and civic engagement; families and social relationships; education, including school climate and level of attainment; economic experiences (e.g., employment, compensation, and housing); physical and mental health; and health care access and gender-affirming interventions. The recommendations of Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations aim to identify opportunities to advance understanding of how individuals experience sexuality and gender and how sexual orientation, gender identity, and intersex status affect SGD people over the life course. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Duncan, Greg J. %E Gootman, Jennifer Appleton %E Nalamada, Priyanka %T Reducing Intergenerational Poverty %@ 978-0-309-70363-5 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27058/reducing-intergenerational-poverty %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27058/reducing-intergenerational-poverty %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 526 %X Experiencing poverty during childhood can lead to lasting harmful effects that compromise not only children’s health and welfare but can also hinder future opportunities for economic mobility, which may be passed on to future generations. This cycle of economic disadvantage weighs heavily not only on children and families experiencing poverty but also the nation, reducing overall economic output and placing increased burden on the educational, criminal justice, and health care systems. Reducing Intergenerational Poverty examines key drivers of long- term, intergenerational poverty, including the racial disparities and structural factors that contribute to this cycle. The report assesses existing research on the effects on intergenerational poverty of income assistance, education, health, and other intervention programs and identifies evidence-based programs and policies that have the potential to significantly reduce the effects of the key drivers of intergenerational poverty. The report also examines the disproportionate effect of disadvantage to different racial/ethnic groups. In addition, the report identifies high-priority gaps in the data and research needed to help develop effective policies for reducing intergenerational poverty in the United States. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Stone, Katrina Baum %T 2020 Census Data Products: Demographic and Housing Characteristics File: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-69410-0 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26727/2020-census-data-products-demographic-and-housing-characteristics-file-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26727/2020-census-data-products-demographic-and-housing-characteristics-file-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 156 %X This proceedings summarizes the presentations and discussions at the Workshop on the 2020 Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics File, held June 21-22, 2022. The workshop was convened by the Committee on National Statistics of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to assist the U.S. Census Bureau with its new disclosure avoidance system for 2020 Census data products, which implements algorithms providing differential privacy. The workshop focused specifically on the Demographic and Housing Characteristics File, a major source of data for local governments, particularly those with small populations, and many other data users in the federal, state, academic, and business sectors. The intent was to garner feedback from users on the usability of the privacy-protected data by evaluating DHC demonstration files produced with the proposed TopDown Algorithm on 2010 Census data. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Casterline, John B. %T Diffusion Processes and Fertility Transition: Selected Perspectives %@ 978-0-309-07610-4 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10228/diffusion-processes-and-fertility-transition-selected-perspectives %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10228/diffusion-processes-and-fertility-transition-selected-perspectives %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 285 %X This volume is part of an effort to review what is known about the determinants of fertility transition in developing countries and to identify lessons that might lead to policies aimed at lowering fertility. It addresses the roles of diffusion processes, ideational change, social networks, and mass communications in changing behavior and values, especially as related to childbearing. A new body of empirical research is currently emerging from studies of social networks in Asia (Thailand, Taiwan, Korea), Latin America (Costa Rica), and Sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya, Malawi, Ghana). Given the potential significance of social interactions to the design of effective family planning programs in high-fertility settings, efforts to synthesize this emerging body of literature are clearly important. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Implementing Juvenile Justice Reform: The Federal Role %@ 978-0-309-30347-7 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18753/implementing-juvenile-justice-reform-the-federal-role %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18753/implementing-juvenile-justice-reform-the-federal-role %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 122 %X In the past decade, a number of state, local, and tribal jurisdictions have begun to take significant steps to overhaul their juvenile justice systems - for example, reducing the use of juvenile detention and out-of-home placement, bringing greater attention to racial and ethnic disparities, looking for ways to engage affected families in the process, and raising the age at which juvenile court jurisdiction ends. These changes are the result of heightening awareness of the ineffectiveness of punitive practices and accumulating knowledge about adolescent development. Momentum for reform is growing. However, many more state, local, and tribal jurisdictions need assistance, and practitioners in the juvenile justice field are looking for guidance from the federal government, particularly from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) in the Department of Justice. Implementing Juvenile Justice Reform identifies and prioritizes strategies and policies to effectively facilitate reform of the juvenile justice system and develop an implementation plan for OJJDP. Based on the 2013 report Reforming Juvenile Justice, this report is designed to provide specific guidance to OJJDP regarding the steps that it should take, both internally and externally, to facilitate juvenile justice reform grounded in knowledge about adolescent development. The report identifies seven hallmarks of a developmental approach to juvenile justice to guide system reform: accountability without criminalization, alternatives to justice system involvement, individualized response based on needs and risks, confinement only when necessary for public safety, genuine commitment to fairness, sensitivity to disparate treatment, and family engagement. Implementing Juvenile Justice Reform outlines how these hallmarks should be incorporated into policies and practices within OJJDP, as well as in actions extended to state, local, and tribal jurisdictions to achieve the goals of the juvenile justice system through a developmentally informed approach. This report sets forth a detailed and prioritized strategic plan for the federal government to support and facilitate developmentally oriented juvenile justice reform. The pivotal component of the plan is to strengthen the role, capacity, and commitment of OJJDP, the lead federal agency in the field. By carrying out the recommendations of Implementing Juvenile Justice Reform, the federal government will both reaffirm and advance the promise of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Conflict and Reconstruction in Multiethnic Societies: Proceedings of a Russian-American Workshop %@ 978-0-309-08939-5 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10879/conflict-and-reconstruction-in-multiethnic-societies-proceedings-of-a-russian %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10879/conflict-and-reconstruction-in-multiethnic-societies-proceedings-of-a-russian %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 236 %X This report is the proceedings of a December 2001 international symposium in Washington, DC organized by the National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences. The symposium addressed (1) characteristics of peaceful management of tensions in multiethnic societies, particularly in Russia; (2) policies that have contributed to violence in such societies; (3) steps toward reconciliation; and (4) post-conflict reconstruction. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Lohr, Sharon L. %E Weinberg, Daniel H. %E Marton, Krisztina %T Toward a 21st Century National Data Infrastructure: Enhancing Survey Programs by Using Multiple Data Sources %@ 978-0-309-69675-3 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26804/toward-a-21st-century-national-data-infrastructure-enhancing-survey-programs-by-using-multiple-data-sources %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26804/toward-a-21st-century-national-data-infrastructure-enhancing-survey-programs-by-using-multiple-data-sources %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 260 %X Much of the statistical information currently produced by federal statistical agencies - information about economic, social, and physical well-being that is essential for the functioning of modern society - comes from sample surveys. In recent years, there has been a proliferation of data from other sources, including data collected by government agencies while administering programs, satellite and sensor data, private-sector data such as electronic health records and credit card transaction data, and massive amounts of data available on the internet. How can these data sources be used to enhance the information currently collected on surveys, and to provide new frontiers for producing information and statistics to benefit American society? Toward a 21st Century National Data Infrastructure: Enhancing Survey Programs by Using Multiple Data Sources, the second report in a series funded by the National Science Foundation, discusses how use of multiple data sources can improve the quality of national and subnational statistics while promoting data equity. This report explores implications of combining survey data with other data sources through examples relating to the areas of income, health, crime, and agriculture. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Raghunathan, Trivellore %E Chaney, Bradford %T A Roadmap for Disclosure Avoidance in the Survey of Income and Program Participation %@ 978-0-309-70710-7 %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27169/a-roadmap-for-disclosure-avoidance-in-the-survey-of-income-and-program-participation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27169/a-roadmap-for-disclosure-avoidance-in-the-survey-of-income-and-program-participation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 272 %X The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) is one of the U.S. Census Bureau’s major surveys with features making it a uniquely valuable resource for researchers and policy analysts. However, the Census Bureau faces the challenge of protecting the confidentiality of survey respondents which has become increasingly difficult because numerous databases exist with personal identifying information that collectively contain data on household finances, home values, purchasing behavior, and other SIPP-relevant characteristics. A Roadmap for Disclosure Avoidance in the Survey of Income and Program Participation addresses these issues and how to make data from SIPP available to researchers and policymakers while protecting the confidentiality of survey respondents. The report considers factors such as evolving privacy risks, development of new methods for protecting privacy, the nature of the data collected through SIPP, the practice of linking SIPP data with administrative data, the types of data products produced, and the desire to provide timely access to SIPP data. The report seeks to balance minimizing the risk of disclosure against allowing researchers and policymakers to have timely access to data that support valid inferences. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Citro, Constance F. %E Cork, Daniel L. %E Norwood, Janet L. %T The 2000 Census: Interim Assessment %@ 978-0-309-17035-2 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10210/the-2000-census-interim-assessment %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10210/the-2000-census-interim-assessment %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 248 %X This volume contains the full text of two reports: one is an interim review of major census operations, which also assesses the U.S. Census bureau's recommendation in March 2001 regarding statistical adjustment of census data for redistricting. It does not address the decision on adjustment for non-redistricting purposes. The second report consists of a letter sent to William Barron, acting director of the Census Bureau. It reviews the new set of evaluations prepared by the Census Bureau in support of its October decision. The two reports are packaged together to provide a unified discussion of statistical adjustment and other aspects of the 2000 census that the authoring panel has considered to date. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Ploeg, Michele Ver %E Moffitt, Robert A. %E Citro, Constance F. %T Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues %@ 978-0-309-07623-4 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10206/studies-of-welfare-populations-data-collection-and-research-issues %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10206/studies-of-welfare-populations-data-collection-and-research-issues %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 537 %X This volume, a companion to Evaluating Welfare Reform in an Era of Transition, is a collection of papers on data collection issues for welfare and low-income populations. The papers on survey issues cover methods for designing surveys taking into account nonresponse in advance, obtaining high response rates in telephone surveys, obtaining high response rates in in-person surveys, the effects of incentive payments, methods for adjusting for missing data in surveys of low-income populations, and measurement error issues in surveys, with a special focus on recall error. The papers on administrative data cover the issues of matching and cleaning, access and confidentiality, problems in measuring employment and income, and the availability of data on children. The papers on welfare leavers and welfare dynamics cover a comparison of existing welfare leaver studies, data from the state of Wisconsin on welfare leavers, and data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth used to construct measures of heterogeneity in the welfare population based on the recipient's own welfare experience. A final paper discusses qualitative data. %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %E Lloyd, Cynthia B. %T Growing Up Global: The Changing Transitions to Adulthood in Developing Countries %@ 978-0-309-09528-0 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11174/growing-up-global-the-changing-transitions-to-adulthood-in-developing %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11174/growing-up-global-the-changing-transitions-to-adulthood-in-developing %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 720 %X The challenges for young people making the transition to adulthood are greater today than ever before. Globalization, with its power to reach across national boundaries and into the smallest communities, carries with it the transformative power of new markets and new technology. At the same time, globalization brings with it new ideas and lifestyles that can conflict with traditional norms and values. And while the economic benefits are potentially enormous, the actual course of globalization has not been without its critics who charge that, to date, the gains have been very unevenly distributed, generating a new set of problems associated with rising inequality and social polarization. Regardless of how the globalization debate is resolved, it is clear that as broad global forces transform the world in which the next generation will live and work, the choices that today's young people make or others make on their behalf will facilitate or constrain their success as adults. Traditional expectations regarding future employment prospects and life experiences are no longer valid. Growing Up Global examines how the transition to adulthood is changing in developing countries, and what the implications of these changes might be for those responsible for designing youth policies and programs, in particular, those affecting adolescent reproductive health. The report sets forth a framework that identifies criteria for successful transitions in the context of contemporary global changes for five key adult roles: adult worker, citizen and community participant, spouse, parent, and household manager. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Tienda, Marta %E Mitchell, Faith %T Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies: Hispanics and the American Future %@ 978-0-309-09667-6 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11314/multiple-origins-uncertain-destinies-hispanics-and-the-american-future %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11314/multiple-origins-uncertain-destinies-hispanics-and-the-american-future %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 176 %X Given current demographic trends, nearly one in five U.S. residents will be of Hispanic origin by 2025. This major demographic shift and its implications for both the United States and the growing Hispanic population make Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies a most timely book. This report from the National Research Council describes how Hispanics are transforming the country as they disperse geographically. It considers their roles in schools, in the labor market, in the health care system, and in U.S. politics. The book looks carefully at the diverse populations encompassed by the term “Hispanic,” representing immigrants and their children and grandchildren from nearly two dozen Spanish-speaking countries. It describes the trajectory of the younger generations and established residents, and it projects long-term trends in population aging, social disparities, and social mobility that have shaped and will shape the Hispanic experience. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Tienda, Marta %E Mitchell, Faith %T Hispanics and the Future of America %@ 978-0-309-10051-9 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11539/hispanics-and-the-future-of-america %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11539/hispanics-and-the-future-of-america %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 502 %X Hispanics and the Future of America presents details of the complex story of a population that varies in many dimensions, including national origin, immigration status, and generation. The papers in this volume draw on a wide variety of data sources to describe the contours of this population, from the perspectives of history, demography, geography, education, family, employment, economic well-being, health, and political engagement. They provide a rich source of information for researchers, policy makers, and others who want to better understand the fast-growing and diverse population that we call “Hispanic.” The current period is a critical one for getting a better understanding of how Hispanics are being shaped by the U.S. experience. This will, in turn, affect the United States and the contours of the Hispanic future remain uncertain. The uncertainties include such issues as whether Hispanics, especially immigrants, improve their educational attainment and fluency in English and thereby improve their economic position; whether growing numbers of foreign-born Hispanics become citizens and achieve empowerment at the ballot box and through elected office; whether impending health problems are successfully averted; and whether Hispanics’ geographic dispersal accelerates their spatial and social integration. The papers in this volume provide invaluable information to explore these issues. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Casola, Linda %T Structural Racism and Rigorous Models of Social Inequity: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-69281-6 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26690/structural-racism-and-rigorous-models-of-social-inequity-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26690/structural-racism-and-rigorous-models-of-social-inequity-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 104 %X Structural racism refers to the public and private policies, institutional practices, norms, and cultural representations that inherently create unequal freedom, opportunity, value, resources, advantage, restrictions, constraints, or disadvantage for individuals and populations according to their race and ethnicity both across the life course and between generations. Developing a research agenda on structural racism includes consideration of the historical and contemporary policies and other structural factors that explicitly or implicitly affect the health and well-being of individuals, families, and communities, as well as strategies to measure those factors. The Committee on Population of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a 2-day public workshop on May 16-17, 2022, to identify and discuss the mechanisms through which structural racism operates, with a particular emphasis on health and well-being; to develop an agenda for future research and data collection on structural racism; and to strengthen the evidence base for policy making. Speaker presentations and workshop discussions provided insights into known sources of structural racism and rigorous models of health inequity, revealed novel sources and approaches informed by other disciplines and related fields, and highlighted key research and data priorities for future work on structural racism and health inequity. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Western, Bruce %E Muhammad, Khalil Gibran %E Negussie, Yamrot %E Backes, Emily %T Reducing Racial Inequality in Crime and Justice: Science, Practice, and Policy %@ 978-0-309-69337-0 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26705/reducing-racial-inequality-in-crime-and-justice-science-practice-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26705/reducing-racial-inequality-in-crime-and-justice-science-practice-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 438 %X The history of the U.S. criminal justice system is marked by racial inequality and sustained by present day policy. Large racial and ethnic disparities exist across the several stages of criminal legal processing, including in arrests, pre-trial detention, and sentencing and incarceration, among others, with Black, Latino, and Native Americans experiencing worse outcomes. The historical legacy of racial exclusion and structural inequalities form the social context for racial inequalities in crime and criminal justice. Racial inequality can drive disparities in crime, victimization, and system involvement. Reducing Racial Inequality in Crime and Justice: Science, Practice, and Policy synthesizes the evidence on community-based solutions, noncriminal policy interventions, and criminal justice reforms, charting a path toward the reduction of racial inequalities by minimizing harm in ways that also improve community safety. Reversing the effects of structural racism and severing the close connections between racial inequality, criminal harms such as violence, and criminal justice involvement will involve fostering local innovation and evaluation, and coordinating local initiatives with state and federal leadership. This report also highlights the challenge of creating an accurate, national picture of racial inequality in crime and justice: there is a lack of consistent, reliable data, as well as data transparency and accountability. While the available data points toward trends that Black, Latino, and Native American individuals are overrepresented in the criminal justice system and given more severe punishments compared to White individuals, opportunities for improving research should be explored to better inform decision-making. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Fiske, Susan T. %E Becker, Tara %T Understanding the Aging Workforce: Defining a Research Agenda %@ 978-0-309-49387-1 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26173/understanding-the-aging-workforce-defining-a-research-agenda %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26173/understanding-the-aging-workforce-defining-a-research-agenda %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 280 %X The aging population of the United States has significant implications for the workforce - challenging what it means to work and to retire in the U.S. In fact, by 2030, one-fifth of the population will be over age 65. This shift has significant repercussions for the economy and key social programs. Due to medical advancements and public health improvements, recent cohorts of older adults have experienced better health and increasing longevity compared to earlier cohorts. These improvements in health enable many older adults to extend their working lives. While higher labor market participation from this older workforce could soften the potential negative impacts of the aging population over the long term on economic growth and the funding of Social Security and other social programs, these trends have also occurred amidst a complicating backdrop of widening economic and social inequality that has meant that the gains in health, improvements in mortality, and access to later-life employment have been distributed unequally. Understanding the Aging Workforce: Defining a Research Agenda offers a multidisciplinary framework for conceptualizing pathways between work and nonwork at older ages. This report outlines a research agenda that highlights the need for a better understanding of the relationship between employers and older employees; how work and resource inequalities in later adulthood shape opportunities in later life; and the interface between work, health, and caregiving. The research agenda also identifies the need for research that addresses the role of workplaces in shaping work at older ages, including the role of workplace policies and practices and age discrimination in enabling or discouraging older workers to continue working or retire. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Stone, Celeste %T Considerations for Returning Individual Genomic Results from Population-Based Surveys: Focus on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-70489-2 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27105/considerations-for-returning-individual-genomic-results-from-population-based-surveys-focus-on-the-national-health-and-nutrition-examination-survey %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27105/considerations-for-returning-individual-genomic-results-from-population-based-surveys-focus-on-the-national-health-and-nutrition-examination-survey %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 210 %X Population surveys collect information from participants by asking questions. Today, many surveys also collect biologic specimens that can be used to analyze a respondents DNA and other biomarkers. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a population survey that also administers a physical examination, collects biospecimens, and reports some test results (e.g., cholesterol levels) to the participant. While visiting communities large and small throughout the country, NHANES collects health and nutrition data from a representative sample of individuals through in-person interviews and health examinations that take place at special mobile examination centers. The examination component consists of medical, dental, and physiological examinations, as well as laboratory tests. On December 2, 7, and 8, 2022, a workshop was convened to focus on anticipated future collections of genomic data by NHANES. The 2022 workshop explored ethical considerations and current practices for returning genomic information from active research and population surveys. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes the presentations and discussions at the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Whitacre, Paula %E Sztein, Ester %T International Perspectives in U.S. Psychological Science Journals: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26742/international-perspectives-in-us-psychological-science-journals-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26742/international-perspectives-in-us-psychological-science-journals-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 14 %X Most empirical research in psychology historically has been conducted in North America and Western Europe, despite the importance placed on culture in theoretical models. The consequence of conducting basic science only in high-income, Western countries is that psychological science is defined by the experiences of individuals in those countries. Collecting data in a wide range of countries, establishing international collaborations, and incorporating diverse cultural perspectives are central to the effort to expand cultural context. Publishing the research in high-quality, peer-reviewed journals is also critical. To discuss the challenges of publishing high quality international work in U.S. journals and suggest solutions to incorporate international perspectives into U.S. psychological journals, the U.S. National Committee for Psychological Science of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine invited journal editors, society representatives, and publishers to a virtual workshop on June 28 and 29, 2021. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Immigration Statistics: A Story of Neglect %@ 978-0-309-03589-7 %D 1985 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/593/immigration-statistics-a-story-of-neglect %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/593/immigration-statistics-a-story-of-neglect %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 336 %X This book examines the needs for and availability of statistics concerning immigrants and immigration. It concentrates on the needs for statistics on immigrants, refugees, and illegal aliens for policy and program purposes, on the adequacy of the statistics that are produced and of the statistical systems that generate them, and on recommendations for improving these systems. Also, the history of immigration legislation and the estimates of the size of the illegal alien population are briefly reviewed. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T International Collaborations in Behavioral and Social Sciences: Report of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-11415-8 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12053/international-collaborations-in-behavioral-and-social-sciences-report-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12053/international-collaborations-in-behavioral-and-social-sciences-report-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 102 %X Based on the outcomes of a workshop convened by the U.S. National Committee for Psychological Science and informed by a survey of social scientists who have led cross-national projects, this National Science Foundation-funded report addresses the multiple benefits of research extending across national boundaries and describes factors common among successful collaborations. Workshop participants identified the obstacles frequently encountered and suggested ways of dealing with these challenges to enhance international collaborative research in the behavioral and social sciences. Several dimensions of collaborative processes, such as research planning, methodological issues, organizational concerns, varied training approaches, and funding needs receive critical attention in this book. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Bates, Nancy %E Chin, Marshall %E Becker, Tara %T Measuring Sex, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation %@ 978-0-309-27510-1 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26424/measuring-sex-gender-identity-and-sexual-orientation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26424/measuring-sex-gender-identity-and-sexual-orientation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 200 %X Sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation are key indicators of the demographic diversity in the United States. Sex and gender are often conflated under the assumptions that they are mutually determined and do not differ from each other; however, the growing visibility of transgender and intersex populations, as well as efforts to improve the measurement of sex and gender across many scientific fields, has demonstrated the need to reconsider how sex, gender, and the relationship between them are conceptualized. This is turn affects sexual orientation, because it is defined on the basis of the relationship between a person's own sex or gender and that of their actual or preferred partners. Sex, gender, and sexual orientation are core aspects of identity that shape opportunities, experiences with discrimination, and outcomes through the life course; therefore, it is crucial that measures of these concepts accurately capture their complexity. Recognition of the diversity within the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and other sexual and gender minorities - the LGBTQI+ population - has also led to a reexamination of how the concepts of sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation are measured. Better measurement will improve the ability to identify sexual and gender minority populations and understand the challenges they face. LGBTQI+ people continue to experience disparate and inequitable treatment, including harassment, discrimination, and violence, which in turn affects outcomes in many areas of everyday life, including health and access to health care services, economic and educational attainment, and family and social support. Though knowledge of these disparities has increased significantly over the past decade, glaring gaps remain, often driven by a lack of reliable data. Measuring Sex, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation recommends that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) adopt new practices for collecting data on sex, gender, and sexual orientation - including collecting gender data by default, and not conflating gender with sex as a biological variable. The report recommends standardized language to be used in survey questions that ask about a respondent's sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation. Better measurements will improve data quality, as well as the NIH's ability to identify LGBTQI+ populations and understand the challenges they face. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Brain and Cognition: Some New Technologies %@ 978-0-309-07841-2 %D 1989 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1870/brain-and-cognition-some-new-technologies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1870/brain-and-cognition-some-new-technologies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 90 %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Foster, Angela Williams %E Mitchell, Faith %E Fienberg, Stephen E. %T Measuring Housing Discrimination in a National Study: Report of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-08325-6 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10311/measuring-housing-discrimination-in-a-national-study-report-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10311/measuring-housing-discrimination-in-a-national-study-report-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 88 %X Federal law prohibits housing discrimination on the basis of seven protected classes including race. Despite 30 years of legal prohibition under the Fair Housing Act, however, there is evidence of continuing discrimination in American housing, as documented by several recent reports. In 1998, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) funded a $7.5 million independently conducted Housing Discrimination Survey (HDS) of racial and ethnic discrimination in housing rental, sales, and lending markets (Public Law 105-276). This survey is the third such effort sponsored by HUD. Its intent is to provide a detailed understanding of the patterns of discrimination in housing nationwide.In 1999, the Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) of the National Research Council (NRC) was asked to review the research design and analysis plan for the 2000 HDS and to offer suggestions about appropriate sampling and analysis procedures. The review took the form of a workshop that addressed HUD's concerns about the adequacy of the sample design and analysis plan, as well as questions related to the measurement of various aspects of discrimination and issues that might bias the results obtained. The discussion also explored alternative methodologies and research needs. In addition to addressing methodological and substantive issues related specifically to the HDS, the workshop examined broader questions related to the measurement of discrimination. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Reschly, Daniel J. %E Myers, Tracy G. %E Hartel, Christine R. %T Mental Retardation: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits %@ 978-0-309-08323-2 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10295/mental-retardation-determining-eligibility-for-social-security-benefits %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10295/mental-retardation-determining-eligibility-for-social-security-benefits %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 350 %X Current estimates suggest that between one and three percent of people living in the United States will receive a diagnosis of mental retardation. Mental retardation, a condition characterized by deficits in intellectual capabilities and adaptive behavior, can be particularly hard to diagnose in the mild range of the disability. The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) provides income support and medical benefits to individuals with cognitive limitations who experience significant problems in their ability to perform work and may therefore be in need of governmental support. Addressing the concern that SSA’s current procedures are consistent with current scientific and professional practices, this book evaluates the process used by SSA to determine eligibility for these benefits. It examines the adequacy of the SSA definition of mental retardation and its current procedures for assessing intellectual capabilities, discusses adaptive behavior and its assessment, advises on ways to combine intellectual and adaptive assessment to provide a complete profile of an individual's capabilities, and clarifies ways to differentiate mental retardation from other conditions. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Dobie, Robert A. %E Van Hemel, Susan B. %T Hearing Loss: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits %@ 978-0-309-09296-8 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11099/hearing-loss-determining-eligibility-for-social-security-benefits %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11099/hearing-loss-determining-eligibility-for-social-security-benefits %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 320 %X Millions of Americans experience some degree of hearing loss. The Social Security Administration (SSA) operates programs that provide cash disability benefits to people with permanent impairments like hearing loss, if they can show that their impairments meet stringent SSA criteria and their earnings are below an SSA threshold. The National Research Council convened an expert committee at the request of the SSA to study the issues related to disability determination for people with hearing loss. This volume is the product of that study. Hearing Loss: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits reviews current knowledge about hearing loss and its measurement and treatment, and provides an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the current processes and criteria. It recommends changes to strengthen the disability determination process and ensure its reliability and fairness. The book addresses criteria for selection of pure tone and speech tests, guidelines for test administration, testing of hearing in noise, special issues related to testing children, and the difficulty of predicting work capacity from clinical hearing test results. It should be useful to audiologists, otolaryngologists, disability advocates, and others who are concerned with people who have hearing loss. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Baron, Sheldon %E Kruser, Dana S. %E Huey, Beverly Messick %T Quantitative Modeling of Human Performance in Complex, Dynamic Systems %@ 978-0-309-07842-9 %D 1990 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1490/quantitative-modeling-of-human-performance-in-complex-dynamic-systems %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1490/quantitative-modeling-of-human-performance-in-complex-dynamic-systems %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 108 %X This book describes and evaluates existing models of human performance and their use in the design and evaluation of new human-technology systems. Its primary focus is on the modeling of system operators who perform supervisory and manual control tasks. After an introduction on human performance modeling, the book describes information processing, control theory, task network, and knowledge-based models. It explains models of human performance in aircraft operations, nuclear power plant control, maintenance, and the supervisory control of process control systems, such as oil refineries. The book concludes with a discussion of model parameterization and validation and recommends a number of lines of research needed to strengthen model development and application. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T A Census that Mirrors America: Interim Report %@ 978-0-309-04979-5 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2234/a-census-that-mirrors-america-interim-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2234/a-census-that-mirrors-america-interim-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 108 %X This volume examines the Census Bureau's program of research and development of the 2000 census, focusing particularly on the design of the 1995 census tests. The tests in 1995 should serve as a prime source of information about the effectiveness and cost of alternative census design components. The authors concentrate on those aspects of census methodology that have the greatest impact on two chief objectives of census redesign: reducing differential undercount and controlling costs. Primary attention is given to processes for data collection, the quality of population coverage and public response, and the use of sampling and statistical estimation. %0 Book %T Child Care for Low-Income Families: Directions for Research: Summary of A Workshop %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9482/child-care-for-low-income-families-directions-for-research-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9482/child-care-for-low-income-families-directions-for-research-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 40 %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Edmonston, Barry %E Schultze, Charles %T Modernizing the U.S. Census %@ 978-0-309-05182-8 %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4805/modernizing-the-us-census %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4805/modernizing-the-us-census %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 480 %X The U.S. census, conducted every 10 years since 1790, faces dramatic new challenges as the country begins its third century. Critics of the 1990 census cited problems of increasingly high costs, continued racial differences in counting the population, and declining public confidence. This volume provides a major review of the traditional U.S. census. Starting from the most basic questions of how data are used and whether they are needed, the volume examines the data that future censuses should provide. It evaluates several radical proposals that have been made for changing the census, as well as other proposals for redesigning the year 2000 census. The book also considers in detail the much-criticized long form, the role of race and ethnic data, and the need for and ways to obtain small-area data between censuses. %0 Book %T International Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies: Proceedings - Symposium and Seventh Biennial Meeting, London, May 18-20, 2005 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11740/international-human-rights-network-of-academies-and-scholarly-societies-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11740/international-human-rights-network-of-academies-and-scholarly-societies-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 176 %X This report is the proceedings of the seventh biennial meeting of the International Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies. (The international Network, created in 1993, consists of 70 national academies and scholarly societies around the world that work to address serious science and human rights issues of mutual concern. The Committee on Human Rights of the U.S. National Academies serves as the Network's secretariat.) The meeting was held on May 18 and 20, 2005, at the Royal Society in London. The main events of the meeting were a semipublic symposium, entitled Scientists, Human Rights, and Prospects for the Future, and a workshop on a variety of topics related to science, engineering, and health in the human rights context. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Enhancing Human Performance: Background Papers, Issues of Theory and Methodology %@ 978-0-309-07805-4 %D 1988 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/779/enhancing-human-performance-background-papers-issues-of-theory-and-methodology %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/779/enhancing-human-performance-background-papers-issues-of-theory-and-methodology %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 147 %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Druckman, Daniel %E Swets, John A. %T Enhancing Human Performance: Issues, Theories, and Techniques %@ 978-0-309-07465-0 %D 1988 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1025/enhancing-human-performance-issues-theories-and-techniques %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1025/enhancing-human-performance-issues-theories-and-techniques %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 312 %X In its evaluation, Enhancing Human Performance reviews the relevant materials, describes each technique, makes recommendations in some cases for further scientific research and investigation, and notes applications in military and industrial settings. The techniques address a wide range of goals, from enhancing classroom learning to improving creativity and motor skills. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Steffey, Duane L. %E Bradburn, Norman M. %T Counting People in the Information Age %@ 978-0-309-05178-1 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4796/counting-people-in-the-information-age %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4796/counting-people-in-the-information-age %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 240 %X How do you count a nation of more than 250 million people—many of whom are on the move and some of whom may not want to be counted? How can you obtain accurate population information for apportioning the House of Representatives, allocating government resources, and characterizing who we are and how we live? This book attempts to answer these questions by reviewing the recent census operations and ongoing research and by offering detailed proposals for ways to improve the census. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Computer Chips and Paper Clips: Technology and Women's Employment, Volume II: Case Studies and Policy Perspectives %@ 978-0-309-03727-3 %D 1987 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/951/computer-chips-and-paper-clips-technology-and-womens-employment-volume %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/951/computer-chips-and-paper-clips-technology-and-womens-employment-volume %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 456 %X This companion to Volume I presents individually authored papers covering the history, economics, and sociology of women's work and the computer revolution. Topics include the implications for equal employment opportunity in light of new technologies; a case study of the insurance industry and of women in computer-related occupations; a study of temporary, part-time, and at-home employment; and education and retraining opportunities. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Ferber, Marianne A. %E Allen, with La Rue %T Work and Family: Policies for a Changing Work Force %@ 978-0-309-04277-2 %D 1991 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1537/work-and-family-policies-for-a-changing-work-force %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1537/work-and-family-policies-for-a-changing-work-force %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 268 %X The United States has seen a dramatic increase in the number of dual-earner and single-adult families. This volume reviews accompanying changes in work and family structures and their effects on worker productivity and employer practices. It presents a wide range of approaches to easing the conflicts between work and family, exploring appropriate roles for business, labor, and government. Work and Family offers up-to-date information, looking at how the family and the workplace arrived at their current relationship and evaluating the quality and the cost of care for dependents in this nation. The volume describes the advantages and disadvantages of being part of a working family and takes a critical look at the range of benefits provided, including existing and proposed employer programs for families. It also presents a comparative review of family-related benefits in other countries. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Research Council %T People and Technology in the Workplace %@ 978-0-309-04583-4 %D 1991 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1860/people-and-technology-in-the-workplace %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1860/people-and-technology-in-the-workplace %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 336 %X Quick introduction of new technology is essential to America's competitiveness. But the success of new systems depends on their acceptance by the people who will use them. This new volume presents practical information for managers trying to meld the best in human and technological resources. The volume identifies factors that are critical to successful technology introduction and examines why America lags behind many other countries in this effort. Case studies document successful transitions to new systems and procedures in manufacturing, medical technology, and office automation—ranging from the Boeing Company's program to involve employees in decision making and process design, to the introduction of alternative work schedules for Mayo Clinic nurses. This volume will be a practical resource for managers, researchers, faculty, and students in the fields of industry, engineering design, human resources, labor relations, sociology, and organizational behavior. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Steuerle, Eugene %E Jackson, Leigh Miles %T Advancing the Power of Economic Evidence to Inform Investments in Children, Youth, and Families %@ 978-0-309-44059-2 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23481/advancing-the-power-of-economic-evidence-to-inform-investments-in-children-youth-and-families %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23481/advancing-the-power-of-economic-evidence-to-inform-investments-in-children-youth-and-families %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 266 %X In recent years, the U.S. federal government has invested approximately $463 billion annually in interventions that affect the overall health and well-being of children and youth, while state and local budgets have devoted almost double that amount. The potential returns on these investments may not only be substantial but also have long-lasting effects for individuals and succeeding generations of their families. Ideally, those tasked with making these investments would have available to them the evidence needed to determine the cost of all required resources to fully implement and sustain each intervention, the expected returns of the investment, to what extent these returns can be measured in monetary or nonmonetary terms, and who will receive the returns and when. As a result of a number of challenges, however, such evidence may not be effectively produced or applied. Low-quality evidence and/or a failure to consider the context in which the evidence will be used may weaken society's ability to invest wisely, and also reduce future demand for this and other types of evidence. Advancing the Power of Economic Evidence to Inform Investments in Children, Youth, and Families highlights the potential for economic evidence to inform investment decisions for interventions that support the overall health and well-being of children, youth, and families. This report describes challenges to the optimal use of economic evidence, and offers recommendations to stakeholders to promote a lasting improvement in its quality, utility, and use. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T The Value of Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences to National Priorities: A Report for the National Science Foundation %@ 978-0-309-45992-1 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24790/the-value-of-social-behavioral-and-economic-sciences-to-national-priorities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24790/the-value-of-social-behavioral-and-economic-sciences-to-national-priorities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 52 %X Nearly every major challenge the United States faces—from alleviating unemployment to protecting itself from terrorism—requires understanding the causes and consequences of people's behavior. Even societal challenges that at first glance appear to be issues only of medicine or engineering or computer science have social and behavioral components. Having a fundamental understanding of how people and societies behave, why they respond the way they do, what they find important, what they believe or value, and what and how they think about others is critical for the country's well-being in today's shrinking global world. The diverse disciplines of the social, behavioral, and economic (SBE) sciences ―anthropology, archaeology, demography, economics, geography, linguistics, neuroscience, political science, psychology, sociology, and statistics―all produce fundamental knowledge, methods, and tools that provide a greater understanding of people and how they live. The Value of Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences to National Priorities evaluates whether the federal government should fund SBE research at the National Science Foundation (NSF), and, specifically, whether SBE research furthers the mission of the NSF to advance national priorities in the areas of health, prosperity and welfare, national defense, and progress in science; advances the missions of other federal agencies; and advances business and industry, and to provide examples of such research. This report identifies priorities for NSF investment in the SBE sciences and important considerations for the NSF for strategic planning. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Blumstein, Alfred %E Cohen, Jacqueline %E Roth, Jeffrey A. %E Visher, Christy A. %T Criminal Careers and "Career Criminals,": Volume I %@ 978-0-309-03684-9 %D 1986 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/922/criminal-careers-and-career-criminals-volume-i %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/922/criminal-careers-and-career-criminals-volume-i %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 458 %X By focusing attention on individuals rather than on aggregates, this book takes a novel approach to studying criminal behavior. It develops a framework for collecting information about individual criminal careers and their parameters, reviews existing knowledge about criminal career dimensions, presents models of offending patterns, and describes how criminal career information can be used to develop and refine criminal justice policies. In addition, an agenda for future research on criminal careers is presented. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Reiss, Albert J., Jr. %E Roth, Jeffrey A. %T Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 4: Consequences and Control %@ 978-0-309-05079-1 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4422/understanding-and-preventing-violence-volume-4-consequences-and-control %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4422/understanding-and-preventing-violence-volume-4-consequences-and-control %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 408 %X This book analyzes the consequences of violence and strategies for controlling them. Included are reviews of public perceptions and reactions to violence; estimates of the costs; the commonalities and complementarities of criminal justice and public health responses; efforts to reduce violence through the prediction and classification of violent offenders; and the relationships between trends in violence and prison population during a period of greatly increased use of incarceration. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Behavioral and Social Science: 50 Years of Discovery %@ 978-0-309-03588-0 %D 1986 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/611/behavioral-and-social-science-50-years-of-discovery %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/611/behavioral-and-social-science-50-years-of-discovery %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 312 %X In 1933, President Herbert Hoover commissioned the "Ogburn Report," a comprehensive study of social trends in the United States. Fifty years later, a symposium of noted social and behavioral scientists marked the report's anniversary with a book of their own from the Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. The 10 chapters presented here relate the developments detailed in the "Ogburn Report" to modern social trends. This book discusses recent major strides in the social and behavioral sciences, including sociology, psychology, anthropology, economics, and linguistics. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Losing Generations: Adolescents in High-Risk Settings %@ 978-0-309-05234-4 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2113/losing-generations-adolescents-in-high-risk-settings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2113/losing-generations-adolescents-in-high-risk-settings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 288 %X At least 7 million young Americans—fully one-quarter of adolescents 10 to 17 years old—may be at risk of failing to achieve productive adult lives. They use drugs, engage in unprotected sex, drop out of school, and sometimes commit crimes, effectively closing the door to their own futures. And the costs to society are enormous: school and social services are overwhelmed, and our nation faces the future with a diminished citizenry. This penetrating book argues that the problems of troubled youth cannot be separated from the settings in which those youths live—settings that have deteriorated significantly in the past two decades. A distinguished panel examines what works and what does not in the effort to support and nurture adolescents and offers models for successful programs. This volume presents an eye-opening look at what millions of the nation's youths confront every day of their lives, addressing: How the decline in economic security for young working parents affects their children's life chances. How dramatic changes in household structure and the possibilities of family and community violence threaten adolescents' development. How the decline of neighborhoods robs children of a safe environment. How adolescents' health needs go unmet in the current system. Losing Generations turns the spotlight on those institutions youths need—the health care system, schools, the criminal justice, and the child welfare and foster home systems—and how they are functioning. Difficult issues are addressed with study results and insightful analyses: access of poor youths to health insurance coverage, inequities in school funding, how child welfare agencies provide for adolescents in their care, and the high percentage of young black men in the criminal justice system. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Weinstein, Maxine %E Lane, Meredith A. %T Sociality, Hierarchy, Health: Comparative Biodemography: A Collection of Papers %@ 978-0-309-30661-4 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18822/sociality-hierarchy-health-comparative-biodemography-a-collection-of-papers %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18822/sociality-hierarchy-health-comparative-biodemography-a-collection-of-papers %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 400 %X Sociality, Hierarchy, Health: Comparative Biodemography is a collection of papers that examine cross-species comparisons of social environments with a focus on social behaviors along with social hierarchies and connections, to examine their effects on health, longevity, and life histories. This report covers a broad spectrum of nonhuman animals, exploring a variety of measures of position in social hierarchies and social networks, drawing links among these factors to health outcomes and trajectories, and comparing them to those in humans. Sociality, Hierarchy, Health revisits both the theoretical underpinnings of biodemography and the empirical findings that have emerged over the past two decades. %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %E Smolensky, Eugene %E Gootman, Jennifer Appleton %T Working Families and Growing Kids: Caring for Children and Adolescents %@ 978-0-309-08703-2 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10669/working-families-and-growing-kids-caring-for-children-and-adolescents %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10669/working-families-and-growing-kids-caring-for-children-and-adolescents %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 366 %X An informative mix of data and discussion, this book presents conclusions and recommendations for policies that can respond to the new conditions shaping America's working families. Among the family and work trends reviewed: Growing population of mothers with young children in the workforce. Increasing reliance of nonparental child care. Growing challenges of families on welfare. Increased understanding of child and adolescent development. Included in this comprehensive review of the research and data on family leave, child care, and income support issues are: the effects of early child care and school age child care on child development, the impacts of family work policies on child and adolescent well-being and family functioning, the impacts of family work policies on child and adolescent well-being and family functioning the changes to federal and state welfare policy, the emergence of a 24/7 economy, the utilization of paid family leave, and an examination of the ways parental employment affects children as they make their way through childhood and adolescence. The book also evaluates the support systems available to working families, including family and medical leave, child care options, and tax policies. The committee's conclusions and recommendations will be of interest to anyone concerned with issues affecting the working American family, especially policy makers, program administrators, social scientists, journalist, private and public sector leaders, and family advocates. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Finch, Caleb E. %E Vaupel, James W. %E Kinsella, Kevin %T Cells and Surveys: Should Biological Measures Be Included in Social Science Research? %@ 978-0-309-07199-4 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9995/cells-and-surveys-should-biological-measures-be-included-in-social %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9995/cells-and-surveys-should-biological-measures-be-included-in-social %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 388 %X What can social science, and demography in particular, reasonably expect to learn from biological information? There is increasing pressure for multipurpose household surveys to collect biological data along with the more familiar interviewer-respondent information. Given that recent technical developments have made it more feasible to collect biological information in non-clinical settings, those who fund, design, and analyze survey data need to think through the rationale and potential consequences. This is a concern that transcends national boundaries. Cells and Surveys addresses issues such as which biologic/genetic data should be collected in order to be most useful to a range of social scientists and whether amassing biological data has unintended side effects. The book also takes a look at the various ethical and legal concerns that such data collection entails. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Reskin, Barbara F. %T Sex Segregation in the Workplace: Trends, Explanations, Remedies %@ 978-0-309-07884-9 %D 1984 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/58/sex-segregation-in-the-workplace-trends-explanations-remedies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/58/sex-segregation-in-the-workplace-trends-explanations-remedies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 323 %X How pervasive is sex segregation in the workplace? Does the concentration of women into a few professions reflect their personal preferences, the "tastes" of employers, or sex-role socialization? Will greater enforcement of federal antidiscrimination laws reduce segregation? What are the prospects for the decade ahead? These are among the important policy and research questions raised in this comprehensive volume, of interest to policymakers, researchers, personnel directors, union leaders—anyone concerned about the economic parity of women. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Alcohol and Public Policy: Beyond the Shadow of Prohibition %@ 978-0-309-03149-3 %D 1981 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/114/alcohol-and-public-policy-beyond-the-shadow-of-prohibition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/114/alcohol-and-public-policy-beyond-the-shadow-of-prohibition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 463 %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Reiss, Albert J., Jr. %E Roth, Jeffrey A. %T Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 3: Social Influences %@ 978-0-309-05080-7 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4421/understanding-and-preventing-violence-volume-3-social-influences %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4421/understanding-and-preventing-violence-volume-3-social-influences %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 592 %X This volume examines social influences on violent events and violent behavior, particularly concentrating on how the risks of violent criminal offending and victimization are influenced by communities, social situations, and individuals; the role of spouses and intimates; the differences in violence levels between males and females; and the roles of psychoactive substances in violent events. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Proposed Revisions to the Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects in the Behavioral and Social Sciences %@ 978-0-309-29806-3 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18614/proposed-revisions-to-the-common-rule-for-the-protection-of-human-subjects-in-the-behavioral-and-social-sciences %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18614/proposed-revisions-to-the-common-rule-for-the-protection-of-human-subjects-in-the-behavioral-and-social-sciences %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 182 %X Proposed Revisions to the Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects in the Behavioral and Social Sciences examines how to update human subjects protections regulations so that they effectively respond to current research contexts and methods. With a specific focus on social and behavioral sciences, this consensus report aims to address the dramatic alterations in the research landscapes that institutional review boards (IRBs) have come to inhabit during the past 40 years. The report aims to balance respect for the individual persons whose consent to participate makes research possible and respect for the social benefits that productive research communities make possible. The ethics of human subjects research has captured scientific and regulatory attention for half a century. To keep abreast of the universe of changes that factor into the ethical conduct of research today, the Department of Health and Human Services published an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) in July 2011. Recognizing that widespread technological and societal transformations have occurred in the contexts for and conduct of human research since the passage of the National Research Act of 1974, the ANPRM revisits the regulations mandated by the Act in a correspondingly comprehensive manner. Its proposals aim to modernize the Common Rule and to improve the efficiency of the work conducted under its auspices. Proposed Revisions to the Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects in the Behavioral and Social Sciences identifies issues raised in the ANPRM that are critical and feasible for the federal government to address for the protection of participants and for the advancement of the social and behavioral sciences. For each identified issue, this report provides guidance for IRBs on techniques to address it, with specific examples and best practice models to illustrate how the techniques would be applied to different behavioral and social sciences research procedures. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Kaplan, Robert M. %E Beatty, Alexandra S. %T Ontologies in the Behavioral Sciences: Accelerating Research and the Spread of Knowledge %@ 978-0-309-27731-0 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26464/ontologies-in-the-behavioral-sciences-accelerating-research-and-the-spread %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26464/ontologies-in-the-behavioral-sciences-accelerating-research-and-the-spread %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 164 %X New research in psychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, and other fields is published every day, but the gap between what is known and the capacity to act on that knowledge has never been larger. Scholars and nonscholars alike face the problem of how to organize knowledge and to integrate new observations with what is already known. Ontologies - formal, explicit specifications of the meaning of the concepts and entities that scientists study - provide a way to address these and other challenges, and thus to accelerate progress in behavioral research and its application. Ontologies help researchers precisely define behavioral phenomena and how they relate to each other and reliably classify them. They help researchers identify the inconsistent use of definitions, labels, and measures and provide the basis for sharing knowledge across diverse approaches and methodologies. Although ontologies are an ancient idea, modern researchers rely on them to codify research terms and findings in computer-readable formats and work with large datasets and computer-based analytic techniques. Ontologies in the Behavioral Sciences: Accelerating Research and the Spread of Knowledge describes how ontologies support science and its application to real-world problems. This report details how ontologies function, how they can be engineered to better support the behavioral sciences, and the resources needed to sustain their development and use to help ensure the maximum benefit from investment in behavioral science research. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Enhancing Human Performance: Issues, Theories, and Techniques, Background Papers (Complete Set) %@ 978-0-309-07810-8 %D 1988 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/778/enhancing-human-performance-issues-theories-and-techniques-background-papers-complete %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/778/enhancing-human-performance-issues-theories-and-techniques-background-papers-complete %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 725 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect %@ 978-0-309-04889-7 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2117/understanding-child-abuse-and-neglect %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2117/understanding-child-abuse-and-neglect %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 408 %X The tragedy of child abuse and neglect is in the forefront of public attention. Yet, without a conceptual framework, research in this area has been highly fragmented. Understanding the broad dimensions of this crisis has suffered as a result. This new volume provides a comprehensive, integrated, child-oriented research agenda for the nation. The committee presents an overview of three major areas: Definitions and scope—exploring standardized classifications, analysis of incidence and prevalence trends, and more. Etiology, consequences, treatment, and prevention—analyzing relationships between cause and effect, reviewing prevention research with a unique systems approach, looking at short- and long-term consequences of abuse, and evaluating interventions. Infrastructure and ethics—including a review of current research efforts, ways to strengthen human resources and research tools, and guidance on sensitive ethical and legal issues. This volume will be useful to organizations involved in research, social service agencies, child advocacy groups, and researchers. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Hayes, Cheryl D. %E Palmer, John L. %E Zaslow, Martha J. %T Who Cares for America's Children? %@ 978-0-309-04032-7 %D 1990 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1339/who-cares-for-americas-children %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1339/who-cares-for-americas-children %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 388 %X Few issues have aroused more heated public debate than that of day care for children of working parents. Who should be responsible for providing child care—government, employers, schools, communities? What types of care are best? This volume explores the critical need for a more coherent policy on child care and offers recommendations for the actions needed to develop such a policy. Who Cares for America's Children? looks at the barriers to developing a national child care policy, evaluates the factors in child care that are most important to children's development, and examines ways of protecting children's physical well-being and fostering their development in child care settings. It also describes the "patchwork quilt" of child care services currently in use in America and the diversity of support programs available, such as referral services. Child care providers (whether government, employers, commercial for-profit, or not-for-profit), child care specialists, policymakers, researchers, and concerned parents will find this comprehensive volume an invaluable resource on child care in America. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Brown, Lawrence D. %E Cohen, Michael L. %E Cork, Daniel L. %E Citro, Constance F. %T Envisioning the 2020 Census %@ 978-0-309-15115-3 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12865/envisioning-the-2020-census %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12865/envisioning-the-2020-census %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 362 %X Planning for the 2020 census is already beginning. This book from the National Research Council examines several aspects of census planning, including questionnaire design, address updating, non-response follow-up, coverage follow-up, de-duplication of housing units and residents, editing and imputation procedures, and several other census operations. This book recommends that the Census Bureau overhaul its approach to research and development. The report urges the Bureau to set cost and quality goals for the 2020 and future censuses, improving efficiency by taking advantage of new technologies. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Martin, Linda G. %E Soldo, Beth J. %T Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Health of Older Americans %@ 978-0-309-05489-8 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5237/racial-and-ethnic-differences-in-the-health-of-older-americans %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5237/racial-and-ethnic-differences-in-the-health-of-older-americans %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 312 %X Older Americans, even the oldest, can now expect to live years longer than those who reached the same ages even a few decades ago. Although survival has improved for all racial and ethnic groups, strong differences persist, both in life expectancy and in the causes of disability and death at older ages. This book examines trends in mortality rates and selected causes of disability (cardiovascular disease, dementia) for older people of different racial and ethnic groups. The determinants of these trends and differences are also investigated, including differences in access to health care and experiences in early life, diet, health behaviors, genetic background, social class, wealth and income. Groups often neglected in analyses of national data, such as the elderly Hispanic and Asian Americans of different origin and immigrant generations, are compared. The volume provides understanding of research bearing on the health status and survival of the fastest-growing segment of the American population. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Blank, Rebecca M. %E Dabady, Marilyn %E Citro, Constance F. %T Measuring Racial Discrimination %@ 978-0-309-46923-4 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10887/measuring-racial-discrimination %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10887/measuring-racial-discrimination %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 334 %X Many racial and ethnic groups in the United States, including blacks, Hispanics, Asians, American Indians, and others, have historically faced severe discrimination—pervasive and open denial of civil, social, political, educational, and economic opportunities. Today, large differences among racial and ethnic groups continue to exist in employment, income and wealth, housing, education, criminal justice, health, and other areas. While many factors may contribute to such differences, their size and extent suggest that various forms of discriminatory treatment persist in U.S. society and serve to undercut the achievement of equal opportunity. Measuring Racial Discrimination considers the definition of race and racial discrimination, reviews the existing techniques used to measure racial discrimination, and identifies new tools and areas for future research. The book conducts a thorough evaluation of current methodologies for a wide range of circumstances in which racial discrimination may occur, and makes recommendations on how to better assess the presence and effects of discrimination. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Groves, Robert M. %E Cork, Daniel L. %T Ensuring the Quality, Credibility, and Relevance of U.S. Justice Statistics %@ 978-0-309-13910-6 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12671/ensuring-the-quality-credibility-and-relevance-of-us-justice-statistics %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12671/ensuring-the-quality-credibility-and-relevance-of-us-justice-statistics %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 378 %X The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) of the U.S. Department of Justice is one of the smallest of the U.S. principal statistical agencies but shoulders one of the most expansive and detailed legal mandates among those agencies. Ensuring the Quality, Credibility, and Relevance of U.S. Justice Statistics examines the full range of BJS programs and suggests priorities for data collection. BJS's data collection portfolio is a solid body of work, well justified by public information needs or legal requirements and a commendable effort to meet its broad mandate given less-than-commensurate fiscal resources. The book identifies some major gaps in the substantive coverage of BJS data, but notes that filling those gaps would require increased and sustained support in terms of staff and fiscal resources. In suggesting strategic goals for BJS, the book argues that the bureau's foremost goal should be to establish and maintain a strong position of independence. To avoid structural or political interference in BJS work, the report suggests changing the administrative placement of BJS within the Justice Department and making the BJS directorship a fixed-term appointment. In its thirtieth year, BJS can look back on a solid body of accomplishment; this book suggests further directions for improvement to give the nation the justice statistics--and the BJS--that it deserves. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Forstag, Erin Hammers %T Research and Data Priorities for Improving Economic and Social Mobility: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-68962-5 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26598/research-and-data-priorities-for-improving-economic-and-social-mobility %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26598/research-and-data-priorities-for-improving-economic-and-social-mobility %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Industry and Labor %P 122 %X Since around 1980, fewer Americans than before are doing better than their parents had – that is, more are experiencing downward social and economic mobility in terms of occupational status and income. This trend in downward mobility is occurring amidst high and rising levels of inequality in income, wealth, health, and life expectancy. To better understand the factors that influence social and economic mobility, the Committee on Population and the Committee on National Statistics hosted a workshop on February 14-15, 2022. The proceedings from this workshop identify key priorities for future research and data collection to improve social and economic mobility. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Cork, Daniel L. %E Cohen, Michael L. %E King, Benjamin F. %T Planning the 2010 Census: Second Interim Report %@ 978-0-309-08968-5 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10776/planning-the-2010-census-second-interim-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10776/planning-the-2010-census-second-interim-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 147 %X The Panel on Research on Future Census Methods has a broad charge to review the early planning process for the 2010 census. Its work includes observing the operation of the 2000 census, deriving lessons for 2010, and advising on effective evaluations and tests. This is the panel's third report; they have previously issued an interim report offering suggestions on the Census Bureau's evaluation plan for 2000 and a letter report commenting on the bureau's proposed general structure for the 2010 census. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Cork, Daniel L. %E Voss, Paul R. %T Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census %@ 978-0-309-10299-5 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11727/once-only-once-and-in-the-right-place-residence-rules %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11727/once-only-once-and-in-the-right-place-residence-rules %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 376 %X The usefulness of the U.S. decennial census depends critically on the accuracy with which individual people are counted in specific housing units, at precise geographic locations. The 2000 and other recent censuses have relied on a set of residence rules to craft instructions on the census questionnaire in order to guide respondents to identify their correct &#34usual residence.&#34 Determining the proper place to count such groups as college students, prisoners, and military personnel has always been complicated and controversial; major societal trends such as placement of children in shared custody arrangements and the prevalence of &#34snowbird&#34 and &#34sunbird&#34 populations who regularly move to favorable climates further make it difficult to specify ties to one household and one place. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place reviews the evolution of current residence rules and the way residence concepts are presented to respondents. It proposes major changes to the basic approach of collecting residence information and suggests a program of research to improve the 2010 and future censuses. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Cork, Daniel L. %T Benefits, Burdens, and Prospects of the American Community Survey: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-26797-7 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18259/benefits-burdens-and-prospects-of-the-american-community-survey-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18259/benefits-burdens-and-prospects-of-the-american-community-survey-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 206 %X In June 2012, the Committee on National Statistics (sponsored by the U.S. Census Bureau) convened a Workshop on the Benefits (and Burdens) of the American Community Survey (ACS)—the detailed demographic and economic survey that began full-scale data collection in 2005 and that replaced the traditional "long form" in the 2010 census. ACS data are used by numerous federal agencies to administer programs, yet the ACS only moved from abstraction to reality for most users in 2010, when the first ACS estimates for small areas (based on 5 years of collected data) were made available. Hence, the workshop marked the opportunity to develop a picture of the breadth of the nonfederal user base of the ACS—among them, the media, policy research and evaluation groups (that distill ACS results for the media and broader public), state and local agencies, businesses and economic development organizations, and local and regional planning authorities—and to gather information on users' experiences with the first full releases of ACS products. In addition to covering innovative uses of the information now available on a continuous basis in the ACS, the workshop gave expression to the challenges and burdens associated with the survey: the time burden places on respondents, the challenges of explaining and interpreting estimates with increased levels of variability, and the privacy and confidentiality implications of some of the ACS content. Benefits, Burdens, and Prospects of the American Community Survey: Summary of a Workshop provides a factual summary of the workshop proceedings and hints at the contours of the ACS user constituency, providing important input to the ongoing review and refinement of the ACS program.