%0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %T BioWatch and Public Health Surveillance: Evaluating Systems for the Early Detection of Biological Threats: Abbreviated Version %@ 978-0-309-13971-7 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12688/biowatch-and-public-health-surveillance-evaluating-systems-for-the-early %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12688/biowatch-and-public-health-surveillance-evaluating-systems-for-the-early %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 252 %X Following the attacks of September 11, 2001 and the anthrax letters, the ability to detect biological threats as quickly as possible became a top priority. In 2003 the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) introduced the BioWatch program—a federal monitoring system intended to speed detection of specific biological agents that could be released in aerosolized form during a biological attack. The present volume evaluates the costs and merits of both the current BioWatch program and the plans for a new generation of BioWatch devices. BioWatch and Public Health Surveillance also examines infectious disease surveillance through hospitals and public health agencies in the United States, and considers whether BioWatch and traditional infectious disease surveillance are redundant or complementary. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Alper, Joe %T Engaging the Private-Sector Health Care System in Building Capacity to Respond to Threats to the Public's Health and National Security: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-48212-7 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25203/engaging-the-private-sector-health-care-system-in-building-capacity-to-respond-to-threats-to-the-publics-health-and-national-security %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25203/engaging-the-private-sector-health-care-system-in-building-capacity-to-respond-to-threats-to-the-publics-health-and-national-security %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 154 %X Disasters tend to cross political, jurisdictional, functional, and geographic boundaries. As a result, disasters often require responses from multiple levels of government and multiple organizations in the public and private sectors. This means that public and private organizations that normally operate independently must work together to mount an effective disaster response. To identify and understand approaches to aligning health care system incentives with the American public’s need for a health care system that is prepared to manage acutely ill and injured patients during a disaster, public health emergency, or other mass casualty event, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a 2-day public workshop on March 20 and 21, 2018. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Butler, Adrienne Stith %E Panzer, Allison M. %E Goldfrank, Lewis R. %T Preparing for the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism: A Public Health Strategy %@ 978-0-309-08953-1 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10717/preparing-for-the-psychological-consequences-of-terrorism-a-public-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10717/preparing-for-the-psychological-consequences-of-terrorism-a-public-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 184 %X The Oklahoma City bombing, intentional crashing of airliners on September 11, 2001, and anthrax attacks in the fall of 2001 have made Americans acutely aware of the impacts of terrorism. These events and continued threats of terrorism have raised questions about the impact on the psychological health of the nation and how well the public health infrastructure is able to meet the psychological needs that will likely result. Preparing for the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism highlights some of the critical issues in responding to the psychological needs that result from terrorism and provides possible options for intervention. The committee offers an example for a public health strategy that may serve as a base from which plans to prevent and respond to the psychological consequences of a variety of terrorism events can be formulated. The report includes recommendations for the training and education of service providers, ensuring appropriate guidelines for the protection of service providers, and developing public health surveillance for preevent, event, and postevent factors related to psychological consequences. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Improving the Nation's Water Security: Opportunities for Research %@ 978-0-309-10566-8 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11872/improving-the-nations-water-security-opportunities-for-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11872/improving-the-nations-water-security-opportunities-for-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 170 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Weight Management: State of the Science and Opportunities for Military Programs %@ 978-0-309-08996-8 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10783/weight-management-state-of-the-science-and-opportunities-for-military %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10783/weight-management-state-of-the-science-and-opportunities-for-military %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 276 %X The primary purpose of fitness and body composition standards in the U.S. Armed Forces has always been to select individuals best suited to the physical demands of military service, based on the assumption that proper body weight and composition supports good health, physical fitness, and appropriate military appearance. The current epidemic of overweight and obesity in the United States affects the military services. The pool of available recruits is reduced because of failure to meet body composition standards for entry into the services and a high percentage of individuals exceeding military weight-for-height standards at the time of entry into the service leave the military before completing their term of enlistment. To aid in developing strategies for prevention and remediation of overweight in military personnel, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command requested the Committee on Military Nutrition Research to review the scientific evidence for: factors that influence body weight, optimal components of a weight loss and weight maintenance program, and the role of gender, age, and ethnicity in weight management. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Gulf War and Health: Volume 8: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War %@ 978-0-309-14921-1 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12835/gulf-war-and-health-volume-8-update-of-health-effects %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12835/gulf-war-and-health-volume-8-update-of-health-effects %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 318 %X For the United States, the 1991 Persian Gulf War was a brief and successful military operation with few injuries and deaths. However, soon after returning from duty, a large number of veterans began reporting health problems they believed were associated with their service in the Gulf. At the request of Congress, the IOM is conducting an ongoing review of the evidence to determine veterans' long-term health problems and what might be causing those problems. The fourth volume in the series, released in 2006, summarizes the long-term health problems seen in Gulf War veterans. In 2008, the IOM began an update to look at existing health problems and identify possible new ones, considering evidence collected since the initial summary. In this report, the IOM determines that Gulf War service causes post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and that service is associated with multisymptom illness; gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome; alcohol and other substance abuse; and anxiety disorders and other psychiatric disorders. To ensure that our veterans receive the best possible care, now and in the future, the government should continue to monitor their health and conduct research to identify the best treatments to assist Gulf War veterans still suffering from persistent, unexplained illnesses. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Gulf War and Health: Volume 6: Physiologic, Psychologic, and Psychosocial Effects of Deployment-Related Stress %@ 978-0-309-10177-6 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11922/gulf-war-and-health-volume-6-physiologic-psychologic-and-psychosocial %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11922/gulf-war-and-health-volume-6-physiologic-psychologic-and-psychosocial %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Health and Medicine %P 358 %X The sixth in a series of congressionally mandated reports on Gulf War veterans' health, this volume evaluates the health effects associated with stress. Since the launch of Operation Desert Storm in 1991, there has been growing concern about the physical and psychological health of Gulf War and other veterans. In the late 1990s, Congress responded by asking the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to review and evaluate the scientific and medical literature regarding associations between illness and exposure to toxic agents, environmental or wartime hazards, and preventive medicines or vaccines in members of the armed forces who were exposed to such agents. Deployment to a war zone has a profound impact on the lives of troops and on their family members. There are a plethora of stressors associated with deployment, including constant vigilance against unexpected attack, difficulty distinguishing enemy combatants from civilians, concerns about survival, caring for the badly injured, and witnessing the death of a person. Less traumatic but more pervasive stressors include anxiety about home life, such as loss of a job and income, impacts on relationships, and absence from family. The focus of this report, by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on Gulf War and Health: Physiologic, and Psychosocial Effects of Deployment-Related Stress, is the long-term effects of deployment-related stress. Gulf War and Health: Volume 6. Physiologic, and Psychosocial Effects of Development Related Stress evaluates the scientific literature regarding association between deployment-related stressors and health effects, and provides meaningful recommendations to remedy this problem. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Hanfling, Dan %E Altevogt, Bruce M. %E Viswanathan, Kristin %E Gostin, Lawrence O. %T Crisis Standards of Care: A Systems Framework for Catastrophic Disaster Response: Volume 1: Introduction and CSC Framework %@ 978-0-309-25346-8 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13351/crisis-standards-of-care-a-systems-framework-for-catastrophic-disaster %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13351/crisis-standards-of-care-a-systems-framework-for-catastrophic-disaster %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 519 %X Catastrophic disasters occurring in 2011 in the United States and worldwide—from the tornado in Joplin, Missouri, to the earthquake and tsunami in Japan, to the earthquake in New Zealand—have demonstrated that even prepared communities can be overwhelmed. In 2009, at the height of the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response at the Department of Health and Human Services, along with the Department of Veterans Affairs and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a committee of experts to develop national guidance for use by state and local public health officials and health-sector agencies and institutions in establishing and implementing standards of care that should apply in disaster situations-both naturally occurring and man-made-under conditions of scarce resources. Building on the work of phase one (which is described in IOM's 2009 letter report, Guidance for Establishing Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations), the committee developed detailed templates enumerating the functions and tasks of the key stakeholder groups involved in crisis standards of care (CSC) planning, implementation, and public engagement-state and local governments, emergency medical services (EMS), hospitals and acute care facilities, and out-of-hospital and alternate care systems. Crisis Standards of Care provides a framework for a systems approach to the development and implementation of CSC plans, and addresses the legal issues and the ethical, palliative care, and mental health issues that agencies and organizations at each level of a disaster response should address. Please note: this report is not intended to be a detailed guide to emergency preparedness or disaster response. What is described in this report is an extrapolation of existing incident management practices and principles. Crisis Standards of Care is a seven-volume set: Volume 1 provides an overview; Volume 2 pertains to state and local governments; Volume 3 pertains to emergency medical services; Volume 4 pertains to hospitals and acute care facilities; Volume 5 pertains to out-of-hospital care and alternate care systems; Volume 6 contains a public engagement toolkit; and Volume 7 contains appendixes with additional resources. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Testing of Body Armor Materials: Phase III %@ 978-0-309-25599-8 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13390/testing-of-body-armor-materials-phase-iii %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13390/testing-of-body-armor-materials-phase-iii %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Engineering and Technology %P 362 %X In 2009, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) released the report Warfighter Support: Independent Expert Assessment of Army Body Armor Test Results and Procedures Needed Before Fielding, which commented on the conduct of the test procedures governing acceptance of body armor vest-plate inserts worn by military service members. This GAO report, as well as other observations, led the Department of Defense Director, Operational Test & Evaluation, to request that the National Research Council (NRC) Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences conduct a three-phase study to investigate issues related to the testing of body armor materials for use by the U.S. Army and other military departments. Phase I and II resulted in two NRC letter reports: one in 2009 and one in 2010. This report is Phase III in the study. Testing of Body Armor Materials: Phase III provides a roadmap to reduce the variability of clay processes and shows how to migrate from clay to future solutions, as well as considers the use of statistics to permit a more scientific determination of sample sizes to be used in body armor testing. This report also develops ideas for revising or replacing the Prather study methodology, as well as reviews comments on methodologies and technical approaches to military helmet testing. Testing of Body Armor Materials: Phase III also considers the possibility of combining various national body armor testing standards.