TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Improving Understanding of the Roots and Trajectories of Violent Extremism: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/24887 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24887/improving-understanding-of-the-roots-and-trajectories-of-violent-extremism PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, together with the National Center for Scientific Research of France and the Russian Academy of Sciences, convened a workshop in Paris on June 20-
21, 2017, to consider the roots and trajectories of violent extremism. The goal was to identify common interests and priorities that could provide the basis for sustained cooperation involving research, analysis, and field investigations. Such a collaborative effort would contribute both to improved international understanding of the challenges posed by outbreaks of violent extremism and to the development of promising strategies and programs to reduce the global threats associated with the upsurge in outbreaks in a number of regions of the world. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Avoiding Technology Surprise for Tomorrow's Warfighter: Symposium 2010 SN - DO - 10.17226/12919 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12919/avoiding-technology-surprise-for-tomorrows-warfighter-symposium-2010 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The Symposium on Avoiding Technology Surprise for Tomorrow's Warfighter is a forum for consumers and producers of scientific and technical intelligence to exchange perspectives on the potential sources of emerging or disruptive technologies and behaviors, with the goal of improving the Department of Defense's technological warning capability. This volume summarizes the key themes identified in the second and most recent symposium, a two-day event held in Suffolk, Virginia, on April 28 and 29, 2010. The symposium combined presentations highlighting cutting-edge technology topics with facilitated discourse among all participants. Three categories of surprise were identified: breakthroughs in product and process technology, new uses of existing technology, and the unexpectedly rapid progression of a technology to operational use. The incorporation of an adversary's own culture, history, beliefs, and value systems into analyses also emerged in discussions as an important factor in reducing surprise. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Biological Threat Reduction Program of the Department of Defense: From Foreign Assistance to Sustainable Partnerships SN - DO - 10.17226/12005 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12005/the-biological-threat-reduction-program-of-the-department-of-defense PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - This Congressionally-mandated report identifies areas for further cooperation with Russia and other states of the former Soviet Union under the Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) program of the Department of Defense in the specific area of prevention of proliferation of biological weapons. The report reviews relevant U.S. government programs, and particularly the CTR program, and identifies approaches for overcoming obstacles to cooperation and for increasing the long-term impact of the program. It recommends strong support for continuation of the CTR program. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Elizabeth Townsend TI - Understanding Narratives for National Security: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25119 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25119/understanding-narratives-for-national-security-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Beginning in October 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a set of workshops designed to gather information for the Decadal Survey of Social and Behavioral Sciences for Applications to National Security. The sixth workshop focused on understanding narratives for national security purposes, and this publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Sherrie Forrest TI - The State of Resilience: A Leadership Forum and Community Workshop: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25054 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25054/the-state-of-resilience-a-leadership-forum-and-community-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Over the past decade, resilience has gained significant traction across the nation and innovative programs are showing exciting progress in building resilient communities. For communities to be prepared for future extreme weather and climate events, as well as the chronic daily stressors, the momentum of implementing and taking action to build community resilience should continue to be fostered and expanded. Building on its many efforts dedicated to increasing and enhancing resilience, the Resilient America Roundtable hosted the State of Resilience Leadership Forum and Community Workshop on June 28 and 29, 2016. This activity brought together diverse decision makers, experts, practitioners, and community stakeholders, including representatives from academia, government, the private sector, foundations, and nonprofit organizations, to consider the results of years of investment, experimentation, and research in building resilience, take stock of these many initiatives and efforts, and share their experiences in building more resilient communities. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Joe Alper A2 - Liza Hamilton TI - Anticipating Rare Events of Major Significance: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26698 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26698/anticipating-rare-events-of-major-significance-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The Intelligence Community Studies Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a 2-day virtual workshop on December 17 and 21, 2021, to explore insights from world-class experts and technologists familiar with the extensive range of issues associated with anticipating rare events—those characterized by a very low probability of occurring—of major significance. Over the course of the 2-day workshop, the speakers discussed analytical methods, computational advances, data sources, and risk assessment approaches for anticipating rare events, including natural disasters, pandemics, anthropogenic threats, and widespread technological change. This proceedings is a factual summary of the presentations and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Frederick J. Manning A2 - Lewis Goldfrank TI - Preparing for Terrorism: Tools for Evaluating the Metropolitan Medical Response System Program SN - DO - 10.17226/10412 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10412/preparing-for-terrorism-tools-for-evaluating-the-metropolitan-medical-response PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The Metropolitan Medical Response System (MMRS) program of the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) provides funds to major U. S. cities to help them develop plans for coping with the health and medical consequences of a terrorist attack with chemical, biological, or radiological (CBR) agents. DHHS asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to assist in assessing the effectiveness of the MMRS program by developing appropriate evaluation methods, tools, and processes to assess both its own management of the program and local preparedness in the cities that have participated in the program. This book provides the managers of the MMRS program and others concerned about local capabilities to cope with CBR terrorism with three evaluation tools and a three-part assessment method. The tools are a questionnaire survey eliciting feedback about the management of the MMRS program, a table of preparedness indicators for 23 essential response capabilities, and a set of three scenarios and related questions for group discussion. The assessment method described integrates document inspection, a site visit by a team of expert peer reviewers, and observations at community exercises and drills. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Sciences A2 - Rita Guenther A2 - Micah Lowenthal A2 - Lalitha Sunderesan TI - India-United States Cooperation on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/18960 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18960/india-united-states-cooperation-on-science-and-technology-for-countering-terrorism PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - India and the United States are the world's two largest democracies with distinguished scientific traditions and experts in a wide range of scientific-technical fields. Given these strengths and the ability to learn from one another, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences together with the National Institute for Advanced Studies in Bangalore, India, held a joint Indian-U.S. workshop to identify and examine potential areas for substantive scientific and technical cooperation that can support counterterrorism efforts through the Homeland Security Dialogue and through direct cooperation. India-United States Cooperation on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism is the summary of that workshop. This report examines topics such as biological threats; protection of nuclear facilities; security (physical and cyber) for chemicals, chemical facilities and other critical infrastructure; and monitoring, surveillance, and emergency response. The report also identifies and examines promising areas for further Indian-U.S. cooperation. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - High-Impact Terrorism: Proceedings of a Russian-American Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10301 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10301/high-impact-terrorism-proceedings-of-a-russian-american-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - In June 2001 the National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences held a bilateral workshop in Moscow on terrorism in a high--technology society and modern methods to prevent and respond to it. The purpose of the workshop was to begin a dialogue on high--impact terrorism that could lead to further U.S.--Russian collaboration. This volume includes papers presented at the workshop by 31 Russian and American experts on various types of high-impact terrorism, including biological and agricultural terrorism, nuclear and electromagnetic terrorism, explosives, chemical, and technological terrorism, and cyber terrorism. The papers also address legal issues, Russian internal affairs, and the future of international cooperation in this area. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Glenn Schweitzer A2 - Merc Fox TI - Russian Views on Countering Terrorism During Eight Years of Dialogue: Extracts from Proceedings of Four U.S.-Russian Workshops SN - DO - 10.17226/12629 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12629/russian-views-on-countering-terrorism-during-eight-years-of-dialogue PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Few countries have endured as many attacks of terrorism during the past two decades as has Russia. From bombings on the streets of a number of cities, to the disruption of pipelines in Dagestan, to the taking of hundreds of hostages at a cultural center in Moscow and at a school in Beslan, the Russian government has responded to many political and technical challenges to protect the population. The measures that have been undertaken to reduce vulnerabilities to terrorist attacks and to mitigate the consequences of attacks have been of widespread interest in many other countries as well. In June 1999, the Presidents of the National Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences initiated an inter-academy program to jointly address common interests in the field of counter-terrorism. Four workshops were held from 2001 to 2007 and additional consultations were undertaken prior to and after the series of workshops. This report includes 35 of the Russian presentations during the workshop series. Collectively they provide a broad overview of activities that have been supported by Russian institutions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Sciences TI - Improving Metrics for the Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Program SN - DO - 10.17226/13289 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13289/improving-metrics-for-the-department-of-defense-cooperative-threat-reduction-program PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program was created in 1991 as a set of support activities assisting the Former Soviet Union states in securing and eliminating strategic nuclear weapons and the materials used to create them. The Program evolved as needs and opportunities changed: Efforts to address biological and chemical threats were added, as was a program aimed at preventing cross-border smuggling of weapons of mass destruction. CTR has traveled through uncharted territory since its inception, and both the United States and its partners have taken bold steps resulting in progress unimagined in initial years. Over the years, much of the debate about CTR on Capitol Hill has concerned the effective use of funds, when the partners would take full responsibility for the efforts, and how progress, impact, and effectiveness should be measured. Directed by Congress, the Secretary of Defense completed a report describing DoD's metrics for the CTR Program (here called the DoD Metrics Report) in September 2010 and, as required in the same law, contracted with the National Academy of Sciences to review the metrics DoD developed and identify possible additional or alternative metrics, if necessary. Improving Metrics for the DoD Cooperative Threat Reduction Program provides that review and advice. Improving Metrics for the DoD Cooperative Threat Reduction Program identifies shortcomings in the DoD Metrics Report and provides recommendations to enhance DoD's development and use of metrics for the CTR Program. The committee wrote this report with two main audiences in mind: Those who are mostly concerned with the overall assessment and advice, and those readers directly involved in the CTR Program, who need the details of the DoD report assessment and of how to implement the approach that the committee recommends. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Glenn E. Schweitzer TI - Roots and Trajectories of Violent Extremism and Terrorism: A Cooperative Program of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences (1995-2020) SN - DO - 10.17226/26281 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26281/roots-and-trajectories-of-violent-extremism-and-terrorism-a-cooperative PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - During the past 25 years, the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, in collaboration with the Russian Academy of Sciences, have carried out a wide variety of activities to improve understanding of the challenges in containing and reducing ethnic conflicts, violent extremism, and terrorism. Roots and Trajectories of Violent Extremism and Terrorism provides an overview of this cross-ocean program, which has involved American and Russian scientists, engineers, and medical professionals from a large number of government agencies, leading research institutions, think tanks, educational institutions, analytical centers, and consulting and commercial firms in the two countries. This report highlights challenges addressed by the academies over many years that remain of current interest as the U.S., Russian, and other governments continue to cope with old and new forms of aggression that threaten the livelihood of populations at home and abroad. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Glenn E. Schweitzer A2 - A. Chelsea Sharber TI - Countering Urban Terrorism in Russia and the United States: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/11698 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11698/countering-urban-terrorism-in-russia-and-the-united-states-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - In January-February 2005, the National Academies Committee on Counterterrorism Challenges for Russia and the United States and the Russian Academy of Sciences Standing Committee on Counterterrorism held a workshop on urban terrorism in Washington, D.C. Prior to the workshop, three working groups convened to focus on the topics of energy systems vulnerabilities, transportation systems vulnerabilities, and cyberterrorism issues. The working groups met with local experts and first responders, prepared reports, and presented their findings at the workshop. Other workshop papers focused on various organizations' integrated response to acts of urban terrorism, recent acts of terrorism, radiological terrorism, biological terrorism, cyberterrorism, and the roots of terrorism. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Terrorism: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Improving Responses: U.S.-Russian Workshop Proceedings SN - DO - 10.17226/10968 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10968/terrorism-reducing-vulnerabilities-and-improving-responses-us-russian-workshop-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - This book is devoted primarily to papers prepared by American and Russian specialists on cyber terrorism and urban terrorism. It also includes papers on biological and radiological terrorism from the American and Russian perspectives. Of particular interest are the discussions of the hostage situation at Dubrovko in Moscow, the damge inflicted in New York during the attacks on 9/11, and Russian priorities in addressing cyber terrorism. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Alternative Technologies to Replace Antipersonnel Landmines SN - DO - 10.17226/10071 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10071/alternative-technologies-to-replace-antipersonnel-landmines PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - This book examines potential technologies for replacing antipersonnel landmines by 2006, the U.S. target date for signing an international treaty banning these weapons. Alternative Technologies to Replace Antipersonnel Landmines emphasizes the role that technology can play to allow certain weapons to be used more selectively, reducing the danger to uninvolved civilians while improving the effectiveness of the U.S. military. Landmines are an important weapon in the U.S. military’s arsenal but the persistent variety can cause unintended casualties, to both civilians and friendly forces. New technologies could replace some, but not all, of the U.S. military’s antipersonnel landmines by 2006. In the period following 2006, emerging technologies might eliminate the landmine totally, while retaining the necessary functionalities that today’s mines provide to the military. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Cryptography and the Intelligence Community: The Future of Encryption SN - DO - 10.17226/26168 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26168/cryptography-and-the-intelligence-community-the-future-of-encryption PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Encryption is a process for making information unreadable by an adversary who does not possess a specific key that is required to make the encrypted information readable. The inverse process, making information that has been encrypted readable, is referred to as decryption. Cryptography has become widespread and is used by private as well as governmental actors. It also enables authentication and underlies the safe use of the Internet and computer systems by individuals and organizations worldwide. Emerging cryptographic technologies offer capabilities such as the ability to process encrypted information without first decrypting it. At the request of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, this report identifies potential scenarios that would describe the balance between encryption and decryption over the next 10 to 20 years and assesses the national security and intelligence implications of each scenario. For each of these scenarios, Cryptography and the Intelligence Community identifies risks, opportunities, and actions. Attention to the findings should enable the Intelligence Community to prepare for the future and to recognize emerging trends and developments and respond appropriately. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Sciences A2 - Glenn E. Schweitzer TI - Countering Terrorism: Biological Agents, Transportation Networks, and Energy Systems: Summary of a U.S.-Russian Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/12490 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12490/countering-terrorism-biological-agents-transportation-networks-and-energy-systems-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - This book presents the proceedings of the fourth U.S.-Russian interacademy workshop on the general theme of countering terrorism, which was held in Moscow in March 2007. The fourth in a series, this volume continues to explore topics related to urban terrorism, but with a new emphasis on potential attacks involving biological agents, transportation networks, and energy systems. The other books in the series include: High Impact Terrorism: Proceedings of a Russian-American Workshop (2002) Terrorism: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Improving Responses: U.S.-Russian Workshop Proceedings (2004) Countering Urban Terrorism in Russia and the United States: Proceedings of a Workshop (2006) ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Glenn Schweitzer A2 - Flannery Wasson TI - Developments in Violent Extremism in the Middle East and Beyond: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/25518 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25518/developments-in-violent-extremism-in-the-middle-east-and-beyond PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Twenty-five scientists and analysts from the United States, Russia, France, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) convened at a workshop at New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD) on April 1-3, 2019 to discuss recent developments and trends in violent extremism in a number of hot spots of the world. The U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (the National Academies), in collaboration with the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), the French National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS), and NYUAD organized the workshop. This gathering was the fourth workshop jointly sponsored by the National Academies and RAS since 2015 that has addressed the challenge of coping with violent extremism. Held in the immediate aftermath of the terrorist attack at the Al Noor Mosque in Christchurch, New Zealand, the workshop sent a strong message to the international community that individuals and groups with extremist views and access to weapons continue to be both an immediate and a long-term threat in many countries, even as ISIS and al-Qaeda are losing control over large areas of land in the Middle East. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Sciences AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council TI - Controlling Dangerous Pathogens: A Blueprint for U.S.-Russian Cooperation: A Report to the Cooperative Threat Reduction Program of the U.S. Department of Defense DO - 10.17226/9471 PY - 1997 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9471/controlling-dangerous-pathogens-a-blueprint-for-us-russian-cooperation-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues ER - TY - BOOK TI - Final Report to the U.S. Department of Defense on the Defense Reinvestment Initiative DO - 10.17226/9691 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9691/final-report-to-the-us-department-of-defense-on-the-defense-reinvestment-initiative PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues ER -