%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Management of Legionella in Water Systems %@ 978-0-309-49947-7 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25474/management-of-legionella-in-water-systems %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25474/management-of-legionella-in-water-systems %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Earth Sciences %P 290 %X Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Goldman, Lynn %E Coussens, Christine %T Environmental Public Health Impacts of Disasters: Hurricane Katrina: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-10500-2 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11840/environmental-public-health-impacts-of-disasters-hurricane-katrina-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11840/environmental-public-health-impacts-of-disasters-hurricane-katrina-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 100 %X Public health officials have the traditional responsibilities of protecting the food supply, safeguarding against communicable disease, and ensuring safe and healthful conditions for the population. Beyond this, public health today is challenged in a way that it has never been before. Starting with the 9/11 terrorist attacks, public health officers have had to spend significant amounts of time addressing the threat of terrorism to human health. Hurricane Katrina was an unprecedented disaster for the United States. During the first weeks, the enormity of the event and the sheer response needs for public health became apparent. The tragic loss of human life overshadowed the ongoing social and economic disruption in a region that was already economically depressed. Hurricane Katrina reemphasized to the public and to policy makers the importance of addressing long-term needs after a disaster. On October 20, 2005, the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine held a workshop which convened members of the scientific community to highlight the status of the recovery effort, consider the ongoing challenges in the midst of a disaster, and facilitate scientific dialogue about the impacts of Hurricane Katrina on people's health. Environmental Public Health Impacts of Disasters: Hurricane Katrina is the summary of this workshop. This report will inform the public health, first responder, and scientific communities on how the affected community can be helped in both the midterm and the near future. In addition, the report can provide guidance on how to use the information gathered about environmental health during a disaster to prepare for future events. %0 Book %E Tsai, Peggy %T Launching a National Conversation on Disaster Resilience in America: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-28971-9 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18411/launching-a-national-conversation-on-disaster-resilience-in-america-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18411/launching-a-national-conversation-on-disaster-resilience-in-america-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 71 %X With the increasing frequency of natural and human-induced disasters and the increasing magnitude of their consequences, a clear need exists for governments and communities to become more resilient. The National Research Council's 2012 report Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative addressed the importance of resilience, discussed different challenges and approaches for building resilience, and outlined steps for implementing resilience efforts in communities and within government. Launching a National Conversation on Disaster Resilience in America is a summary of a one-day event in November 2012 to formally launch a national conversation on resilience. Nationally-recognized experts in disaster resilience met to discuss developing a culture of resilience, implementing resilience, and understanding federal perspectives about resilience. This report includes a broad range of perspectives and experiences derived from many types of hazards and disasters in all parts of the country. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Everett, Lauren %T Groundwater Recharge and Flow: Approaches and Challenges for Monitoring and Modeling Using Remotely Sensed Data: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-49964-4 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25615/groundwater-recharge-and-flow-approaches-and-challenges-for-monitoring-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25615/groundwater-recharge-and-flow-approaches-and-challenges-for-monitoring-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 72 %X Water of appropriate quantity and quality is essential for drinking, sanitation, and food, energy, and industrial production for any society and is derived for most needs from surface- or groundwater sources. Studies suggest that groundwater use in irrigation globally is increasing in total volume as well as a percentage of all water used for irrigation, with the demand for groundwater resources increasing as available primary surface water supplies are depleted. Particularly in arid regions, groundwater may be the most accessible water supply for any purpose, leaving groundwater withdrawals concentrated in areas that are already experiencing water stress. Even in the presence of direct ground observations and measurements of the water table, quantitative evaluation of groundwater storage, flow, or recharge at different scales requires remotely sensed data and observations applied to groundwater models. Resolving the interaction of groundwater storage, flow, and recharge at a scale at which basins are managed requires remotely sensed data and proxy data. In June 2019, the Water Science and Technology Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to identify scientific and technological research frontiers in monitoring and modeling groundwater recharge and flow in various regions of the world. The goals of the workshop were to assess regional freshwater budgets under major use scenarios, including agriculture, industry, and municipal; examine state of the art research frontiers in characterizing groundwater aquifers, including residence time, quantity, flow, depletion, and recharge, using remotely sensed observations and proxy data; discuss groundwater model uncertainties and methods for mitigating them using sparse ground observations or data and other approaches; and consider our ability to detect which water management strategies that affect groundwater flow and recharge are being used and any changes in their use over time. This publication summarizes workshop presentations and plenary discussions. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Thomas, Katie %E Geller, Laurie %T Urban Forestry: Toward an Ecosystem Services Research Agenda: A Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-28758-6 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18370/urban-forestry-toward-an-ecosystem-services-research-agenda-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18370/urban-forestry-toward-an-ecosystem-services-research-agenda-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 76 %X Much of the ecological research in the past decades has focused on rural or wilderness areas. Today, however, ecological research has been taking place in our cities, where our everyday decisions can have profound effects on our environment. This research, or urban ecology, includes an important element, trees. Trees have had a variety of environmental benefits for our environment including the sequestering carbon, reducing urban heat island effects, providing vital habitat for wildlife, and making nature accessible. These benefits have important impacts on the physical, socio-economic, and mental health of humans as well. Being exposed to trees has been shown to enhance social cohesion, improve health and recreational opportunities, and increase real estate values. In order to gain more knowledge into this urban forestry, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) held a workshop February 25-26, 2013. The workshop brought together more than 100 people with various interests in urban forestry research to share information and perspectives, foster communication across specific areas of ecosystem service research, and consider integrated approaches that cut across these realms. The workshop specifically examined current capabilities to characterize and quantify the benefits, key gaps in our understanding, the challenges of planning urban forests in a way that optimizes multiple ecosystem services and more. Urban Forestry: Toward an Ecosystem Services Research Agenda: A Workshop Summary presents an overview of the issues discussed by the workshop's breakout groups; summarizes presentations from the four panels which included Biophysical Services of the Urban Forest; and context for the study with introductory material from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T People and Pixels: Linking Remote Sensing and Social Science %@ 978-0-309-06408-8 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5963/people-and-pixels-linking-remote-sensing-and-social-science %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5963/people-and-pixels-linking-remote-sensing-and-social-science %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 256 %X Space-based sensors are giving us an ever-closer and more comprehensive look at the earth's surface; they also have the potential to tell us about human activity. This volume examines the possibilities for using remote sensing technology to improve understanding of social processes and human-environment interactions. Examples include deforestation and regrowth in Brazil, population-environment interactions in Thailand, ancient and modern rural development in Guatemala, and urbanization in the United States, as well as early warnings of famine and disease outbreaks. The book also provides information on current sources of remotely sensed data and metadata and discusses what is involved in establishing effective collaborative efforts between scientists working with remote sensing technology and those working on social and environmental issues. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Valuing Ground Water: Economic Concepts and Approaches %@ 978-0-309-14169-7 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5498/valuing-ground-water-economic-concepts-and-approaches %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5498/valuing-ground-water-economic-concepts-and-approaches %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 204 %X Because water in the United State has not been traded in markets, there is no meaningful estimate of what it would cost if it were traded. But failing to establish ground water's value—for in situ uses such as sustaining wetlands as well as for extractive uses such as agriculture—will lead to continued overuse and degradation of the nation's aquifers. In Valuing Ground Water an interdisciplinary committee integrates the latest economic, legal, and physical knowledge about ground water and methods for valuing this resource, making it comprehensible to decision-makers involved in Superfund cleanup efforts, local wellhead protection programs, water allocation, and other water-related management issues. Using the concept of total economic value, this volume provides a framework for calculating the economic value of ground water and evaluating tradeoffs between competing uses of it. Included are seven case studies where ground-water valuation has been or could be used in decisionmaking. The committee examines trends in ground-water management, factors that contribute to its value, and issues surrounding ground-water allocation and legal rights to its use. The book discusses economic valuation of natural resources and reviews several valuation methods. Presenting conclusions, recommendations, and research priorities, Valuing Ground Water will be of interest to those concerned about ground-water issues: policymakers, regulators, economists, attorneys, researchers, resource managers, and environmental advocates. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Decline of the Steller Sea Lion in Alaskan Waters: Untangling Food Webs and Fishing Nets %@ 978-0-309-08632-5 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10576/decline-of-the-steller-sea-lion-in-alaskan-waters-untangling %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10576/decline-of-the-steller-sea-lion-in-alaskan-waters-untangling %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 216 %X For an unknown reason, the Steller sea lion population in Alaska has declined by 80% over the past three decades. In 2001, the National Research Council began a study to assess the many hypotheses proposed to explain the sea lion decline including insufficient food due to fishing or the late 1970s climate/regime shift, a disease epidemic, pollution, illegal shooting, subsistence harvest, and predation by killer whales or sharks. The report's analysis indicates that the population decline cannot be explained only by a decreased availability of food; hence other factors, such as predation and illegal shooting, deserve further study. The report recommends a management strategy that could help determine the impact of fisheries on sea lion survival -- establishing open and closed fishing areas around sea lion rookeries. This strategy would allow researchers to study sea lions in relatively controlled, contrasting environments. Experimental area closures will help fill some short-term data gaps, but long-term monitoring will be required to understand why sea lions are at a fraction of their former abundance. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T A Decision Framework for Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs %@ 978-0-309-49184-6 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25424/a-decision-framework-for-interventions-to-increase-the-persistence-and-resilience-of-coral-reefs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25424/a-decision-framework-for-interventions-to-increase-the-persistence-and-resilience-of-coral-reefs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 212 %X Coral reefs are critical to ocean and human life because they provide food, living area, storm protection, tourism income, and more. However, human-induced stressors, such as overfishing, sediment, pollution, and habitat destruction have threatened ocean ecosystems globally for decades. In the face of climate change, these ecosystems now face an array of unfamiliar challenges due to destructive rises in ocean temperature, acidity and sea level. These factors lead to an increased frequency of bleaching events, hindered growth, and a decreasing rate of calcification. Research on interventions to combat these relatively new stressors and a reevaluation of longstanding interventions is necessary to understand and protect coral reefs in this changing climate. Previous research on these methods prompts further questions regarding the decision making process for site-specific interventions. A Decision Framework for Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs builds upon a previous report that reviews the state of research on methods that have been used, tested, or proposed to increase the resilience of coral reefs. This new report aims to help coral managers evaluate the specific needs of their site and navigate the 23 different interventions described in the previous report. A case study of the Caribbean, a region with low coral population plagued by disease, serves as an example for coral intervention decision making. This report provides complex coral management decision making tools, identifies gaps in coral biology and conservation research, and provides examples to help individuals and communities tailor a decision strategy to a local area. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Melvin, April %T Wildland Fires: Toward Improved Understanding and Forecasting of Air Quality Impacts: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-27737-2 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26465/wildland-fires-toward-improved-understanding-and-forecasting-of-air-quality-impacts %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26465/wildland-fires-toward-improved-understanding-and-forecasting-of-air-quality-impacts %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 80 %X Wildland fires pose a growing threat to air quality and human health. Fire is a natural part of many landscapes, but the extent of area burned and the severity of fires have been increasing, concurrent with human movement into previously uninhabited fire-prone areas and forest management practices that have increased fuel loads. These changes heighten the risk of exposure to fire itself and emissions (smoke), which can travel thousands of miles and affect millions of people, creating local, regional, and national air quality and health concerns. To address this growing threat, the National Academies brought together atmospheric chemistry and health research communities, natural resource managers, and decision makers to discuss current knowledge and needs surrounding how wildland fire emissions affect air quality and human health. Participants also explored opportunities to better bridge these communities to advance science and improve the production and exchange of information. This publication summarizes the workshop discussions and themes that emerged throughout the meeting. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Data and Management Strategies for Recreational Fisheries with Annual Catch Limits %@ 978-0-309-67157-6 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26185/data-and-management-strategies-for-recreational-fisheries-with-annual-catch-limits %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26185/data-and-management-strategies-for-recreational-fisheries-with-annual-catch-limits %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 222 %X Marine recreational fishing is a popular activity enjoyed by more than 9 million Americans annually and is a driver of the American ocean-or blue-economy. To ensure that fish populations are not overexploited, the NOAA Fisheries' Marine Recreational Information Program (MRIP) monitors recreational catch through a variety of in-person, telephone, mail-in, and other surveys. NOAA Fisheries' management of recreational catch also must take into account annual catch limits (ACLs) established to prevent overfishing for all managed species in federal waters. While MRIP has worked to improve recreational catch surveys over the past decade, the surveys were never designed to meet the demands of in-season management of ACLs. In some cases, estimates of harvest have triggered accountability measures such as early season closures and reductions in future recreational ACLs, which have been a source of contention with the recreational fishing community. This report presents approaches for optimizing MRIP data and complementary data for in-season management and considers alternatives for managing recreational fisheries with ACLs to better serve both social and economic management objectives. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Effective Monitoring to Evaluate Ecological Restoration in the Gulf of Mexico %@ 978-0-309-44037-0 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23476/effective-monitoring-to-evaluate-ecological-restoration-in-the-gulf-of-mexico %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23476/effective-monitoring-to-evaluate-ecological-restoration-in-the-gulf-of-mexico %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 219 %X Gulf Coast communities and natural resources suffered extensive direct and indirect damage as a result of the largest accidental oil spill in US history, referred to as the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. Notably, natural resources affected by this major spill include wetlands, coastal beaches and barrier islands, coastal and marine wildlife, seagrass beds, oyster reefs, commercial fisheries, deep benthos, and coral reefs, among other habitats and species. Losses include an estimated 20% reduction in commercial fishery landings across the Gulf of Mexico and damage to as much as 1,100 linear miles of coastal salt marsh wetlands. This historic spill is being followed by a restoration effort unparalleled in complexity and magnitude in U.S. history. Legal settlements in the wake of DWH led to the establishment of a set of programs tasked with administering and supporting DWH-related restoration in the Gulf of Mexico. In order to ensure that restoration goals are met and money is well spent, restoration monitoring and evaluation should be an integral part of those programs. However, evaluations of past restoration efforts have shown that monitoring is often inadequate or even absent. Effective Monitoring to Evaluate Ecological Restoration in the Gulf of Mexico identifies best practices for monitoring and evaluating restoration activities to improve the performance of restoration programs and increase the effectiveness and longevity of restoration projects. This report provides general guidance for restoration monitoring, assessment, and synthesis that can be applied to most ecological restoration supported by these major programs given their similarities in restoration goals. It also offers specific guidance for a subset of habitats and taxa to be restored in the Gulf including oyster reefs, tidal wetlands, and seagrass habitats, as well as a variety of birds, sea turtles, and marine mammals. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Technical Input on Any Additional Studies to Assess Risk Associated with Operation of the National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University: A Letter Report %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12208/technical-input-on-any-additional-studies-to-assess-risk-associated-with-operation-of-the-national-emerging-infectious-diseases-laboratory-boston-university %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12208/technical-input-on-any-additional-studies-to-assess-risk-associated-with-operation-of-the-national-emerging-infectious-diseases-laboratory-boston-university %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 21 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Critical Infrastructure for Ocean Research and Societal Needs in 2030 %@ 978-0-309-18603-2 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13081/critical-infrastructure-for-ocean-research-and-societal-needs-in-2030 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13081/critical-infrastructure-for-ocean-research-and-societal-needs-in-2030 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 98 %X The United States has jurisdiction over 3.4 million square miles of ocean in its exclusive economic zone, a size exceeding the combined land area of the 50 states. This expansive marine area represents a prime national domain for activities such as maritime transportation, national security, energy and mineral extraction, fisheries and aquaculture, and tourism and recreation. However, it also carries with it the threat of damaging and outbreaks of waterborne pathogens. The 2010 Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill and the 2011 Japanese earthquake and tsunami are vivid reminders that ocean activities and processes have direct human implications both nationally and worldwide, understanding of the ocean system is still incomplete, and ocean research infrastructure is needed to support both fundamental research and societal priorities. Given current struggles to maintain, operate, and upgrade major infrastructure elements while maintaining a robust research portfolio, a strategic plan is needed for future investments to ensure that new facilities provide the greatest value, least redundancy, and highest efficiency in terms of operation and flexibility to incorporate new technological advances. Critical Infrastructure for Ocean Research and Societal Needs in 2030 identifies major research questions anticipated to be at the forefront of ocean science in 2030 based on national and international assessments, input from the worldwide scientific community, and ongoing research planning activities. This report defines categories of infrastructure that should be included in planning for the nation's ocean research infrastructure of 2030 and that will be required to answer the major research questions of the future. Critical Infrastructure for Ocean Research and Societal Needs in 2030 provides advice on the criteria and processes that could be used to set priorities for the development of new ocean infrastructure or replacement of existing facilities. In addition, this report recommends ways in which the federal agencies can maximize the value of investments in ocean infrastructure. %0 Book %T International Role of U.S. Geoscience %D 1987 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10213/international-role-of-us-geoscience %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10213/international-role-of-us-geoscience %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 106 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Application of Systematic Review Methods in an Overall Strategy for Evaluating Low-Dose Toxicity from Endocrine Active Chemicals %@ 978-0-309-45862-7 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24758/application-of-systematic-review-methods-in-an-overall-strategy-for-evaluating-low-dose-toxicity-from-endocrine-active-chemicals %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24758/application-of-systematic-review-methods-in-an-overall-strategy-for-evaluating-low-dose-toxicity-from-endocrine-active-chemicals %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 180 %X To safeguard public health, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must keep abreast of new scientific information and emerging technologies so that it can apply them to regulatory decision-making. For decades the agency has dealt with questions about what animal-testing data to use to make predictions about human health hazards, how to perform dose-response extrapolations, how to identify and protect susceptible subpopulations, and how to address uncertainties. As alternatives to traditional toxicity testing have emerged, the agency has been faced with additional questions about how to incorporate data from such tests into its chemical assessments and whether such tests can replace some traditional testing methods. Endocrine active chemicals (EACs) have raised concerns that traditional toxicity-testing protocols might be inadequate to identify all potential hazards to human health because they have the ability to modulate normal hormone function, and small alterations in hormone concentrations, particularly during sensitive life stages, can have lasting and significant effects. To address concerns about potential human health effects from EACs at low doses, this report develops a strategy to evaluate the evidence for such low-dose effects. %0 Book %E Olson, Steve %T Increasing National Resilience to Hazards and Disasters: The Perspective from the Gulf Coast of Louisiana and Mississippi: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-21527-5 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13178/increasing-national-resilience-to-hazards-and-disasters-the-perspective-from %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13178/increasing-national-resilience-to-hazards-and-disasters-the-perspective-from %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 138 %X Natural disasters are having an increasing effect on the lives of people in the United States and throughout the world. Every decade, property damage caused by natural disasters and hazards doubles or triples in the United States. More than half of the U.S. population lives within 50 miles of a coast, and all Americans are at risk from such hazards as fires, earthquakes, floods, and wind. The year 2010 saw 950 natural catastrophes around the world--the second highest annual total ever--with overall losses estimated at $130 billion. The increasing impact of natural disasters and hazards points to increasing importance of resilience, the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, or more successfully adapt to actual or potential adverse events, at the individual , local, state, national, and global levels. Assessing National Resilience to Hazards and Disasters reviews the effects of Hurricane Katrina and other natural and human-induced disasters on the Gulf Coast of Louisiana and Mississippi and to learn more about the resilience of those areas to future disasters. Topics explored in the workshop range from insurance, building codes, and critical infrastructure to private-sector issues, public health, nongovernmental organizations and governance. This workshop summary provides a rich foundation of information to help increase the nation's resilience through actionable recommendations and guidance on the best approaches to reduce adverse impacts from hazards and disasters. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Assessment of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Studies Program: II. Ecology %@ 978-0-309-04598-8 %D 1992 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1963/assessment-of-the-us-outer-continental-shelf-environmental-studies-program %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1963/assessment-of-the-us-outer-continental-shelf-environmental-studies-program %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 162 %X Assessment of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Studies Program reviews the ecological studies done by the Environmental Studies Program of the Minerals Management Service. This program, which has spent $10 million a year on ecological studies in recent years, is designed to provide information to predict and manage the environmental effects of outer continental shelf oil and gas activities. The book considers studies on marine mammals and endangered species, birds, benthic organisms, fisheries, and marine ecosystems and makes recommendations for future studies. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Holliday, Laura %T Agricultural Water Management: Proceedings of a Workshop in Tunisia %@ 978-0-309-10603-0 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11880/agricultural-water-management-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in-tunisia %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11880/agricultural-water-management-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in-tunisia %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 158 %X This report contains a collection of papers from a workshop—Strengthening Science-Based Decision-Making for Sustainable Management of Scarce Water Resources for Agricultural Production, held in Tunisia. Participants, including scientists, decision makers, representatives of non-profit organizations, and a farmer, came from the United States and several countries in North Africa and the Middle East. The papers examined constraints to agricultural production as it relates to water scarcity; focusing on 1) the state of the science regarding water management for agricultural purposes in the Middle East and North Africa 2) how science can be applied to better manage existing water supplies to optimize the domestic production of food and fiber. The cross-cutting themes of the workshop were the elements or principles of science-based decision making, the role of the scientific community in ensuring that science is an integral part of the decision making process, and ways to improve communications between scientists and decision makers. %0 Book %T Improving Interactions Between Coastal Science and Policy: Proceedings of the Gulf of Maine Symposium %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9151/improving-interactions-between-coastal-science-and-policy-proceedings-of-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9151/improving-interactions-between-coastal-science-and-policy-proceedings-of-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 268