@BOOK{NAP title = "Language and Machines: Computers in Translation and Linguistics", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20813/language-and-machines-computers-in-translation-and-linguistics", year = 1966, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Theoretical Foundations for Decision Making in Engineering Design", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10566/theoretical-foundations-for-decision-making-in-engineering-design", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Language and Machines: Computers in Translation and Linguistics", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9547/language-and-machines-computers-in-translation-and-linguistics", year = 1966, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Anita Eisenstadt and Gail Cohen and Anne-Marie Mazza", title = "Artificial Intelligence: An International Dialogue: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief", abstract = "On May 24, 2019 the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, in partnership with the Royal Society, held a symposium entitled Artificial Intelligence: An International Dialogue in Washington, DC. The symposium addressed if and how artificial intelligence (AI) would benefit from further international cooperation. It primarily focused on the aspect of AI known as \u2018machine learning\u2019\u2014or \u2018deep learning\u2019\u2014as this is an area of increasing attention and rapid technological advancement. The event also addressed discussions at a day-and-a-half meeting on May 23-24, 2019* convened by the National Academies and Royal Society where 45 scientists, engineers, and other AI experts from the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, China, the European Commission, Germany, and Japan discussed key areas of national and international policy on AI where international collaboration would be most beneficial. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the May 24 workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25551/artificial-intelligence-an-international-dialogue-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Engineering Tasks for the New Century: Japanese and U.S. Perspectives", isbn = "978-0-309-06588-7", abstract = "The U.S.-Japan bilateral task force was tasked with addressing the following questions: (1) How do Japan and the United States educate and train engineers, and what are the major similarities, differences, and trends? (2) What are the superior practices that have been developed by each country, especially approaches that could be adopted by the other country? (3) Are there areas in which expanded U.S.-Japan cooperation could help to improve engineering education in the two countries and around the world?\nThe joint task force was organized by the Committee on Advanced Technology and the International Environment (Committee 149) of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), and the Committee on Japan (COJ) of the National Research Council (NRC). Committee 149's work was supported by member dues, and the COJ's work was supported by the United States-Japan Foundation and the National Academy of Engineering. The joint task force was chaired by Mildred Dresselhaus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Sogo Okamura of Tokyo Denki University.\nJapan and the United States are two of the leading nations in the world in engineering education and practice. Their systems for training and educating engineers display marked contrasts, resulting from the very different economic and cultural environments in which they have developed. The joint task force used a \"lifelong learning\" approach in examining the two countries' systems, exploring differences and similarities in K-12 education of future engineers, undergraduate and graduate education, as well as continuing education of working professionals. The panel also explored two important issues that will affect engineering education in both countries in the future: the need to educate and train \"global engineers\" who can work effectively in international contexts, and the potential for information technology to transform engineering education in the future.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9624/engineering-tasks-for-the-new-century-japanese-and-us-perspectives", year = 1999, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Persistent Forecasting of Disruptive Technologies", isbn = "978-0-309-11660-2", abstract = "Technological innovations are key causal agents of surprise and disruption. In the recent past, the United States military has encountered unexpected challenges in the battlefield due in part to the adversary's incorporation of technologies not traditionally associated with weaponry. Recognizing the need to broaden the scope of current technology forecasting efforts, the Office of the Director, Defense Research and Engineering (DDR&E) and the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) tasked the Committee for Forecasting Future Disruptive Technologies with providing guidance and insight on how to build a persistent forecasting system to predict, analyze, and reduce the impact of the most dramatically disruptive technologies. The first of two reports, this volume analyzes existing forecasting methods and processes. It then outlines the necessary characteristics of a comprehensive forecasting system that integrates data from diverse sources to identify potentially game-changing technological innovations and facilitates informed decision making by policymakers.\nThe committee's goal was to help the reader understand current forecasting methodologies, the nature of disruptive technologies and the characteristics of a persistent forecasting system for disruptive technology. Persistent Forecasting of Disruptive Technologies is a useful text for the Department of Defense, Homeland Security, the Intelligence community and other defense agencies across the nation.\n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12557/persistent-forecasting-of-disruptive-technologies", year = 2010, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Engineering and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Anne Frances Johnson", title = "Materials Science and Engineering in a Post-Pandemic World: A DoD Perspective: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-08313-3", abstract = "Advances in materials science and engineering play a crucial role in supporting the U.S. economy and national security. To maintain its leading edge in the field, the United States relies on a rich and diverse innovation ecosystem encompassing industry, academic institutions, and government laboratories. While this ecosystem has generated numerous gains for defense agencies, the technology sector, consumers, and the country as a whole over many decades, recent years have brought new challenges and a shifting global dynamic in the field. The United States, long a global magnet for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education and expertise, has seen its competitive edge slip as other countries in Europe and Asia have increased their investments in cultivating science and engineering talent and innovation. In 2020, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic caused far-reaching disruptions for both education and supply chains across the world, compounding many of the dynamics that were already affecting materials science and engineering in the United States.\nTo explore these issues, the Workshop on Materials Science and Engineering in a Post-Pandemic World was organized as part of a workshop series on Defense Materials Manufacturing and Its Infrastructure. Hosted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, the virtual event brought together approximately 30 speakers and attendees representing materials science, engineering, and manufacturing experts from industry, academia, and government agencies. The 3-day workshop explored education and workforce trends across the nation and the globe, with particular focus on the U.S. Department of Defense and university-government collaborations. Participants discussed how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected science and engineering education, opportunities to reimagine traditional education for the field, and the imperative to develop a more diverse workforce. Several speakers presented their views on what the post-pandemic future may hold, and many offered perspectives on key concerns and priorities for the field moving forward. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26226/materials-science-and-engineering-in-a-post-pandemic-world-a-dod-perspective", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "The Flexible Electronics Opportunity", isbn = "978-0-309-30591-4", abstract = "Flexible electronics describes circuits that can bend and stretch, enabling significant versatility in applications and the prospect of low-cost manufacturing processes. They represent an important technological advance, in terms of their performance characteristics and potential range of applications, ranging from medical care, packaging, lighting and signage, consumer electronics and alternative energy (especially solar energy.) What these technologies have in common is a dependence on efficient manufacturing that currently requires improved technology, processes, tooling, and materials, as well as ongoing research. Seeking to capture the global market opportunity in flexible electronics, major U.S. competitors have initiated dedicated programs that are large in scope and supported with significant government funding to develop and acquire these new technologies, refine them, and ultimately manufacture them within their national borders. These national and regional investments are significantly larger than U.S. investment and more weighted toward later stage applied research and development.\nThe Flexible Electronics Opportunity examines and compares selected innovation programs both foreign and domestic, and their potential to advance the production of flexible electronics technology in the United States. This report reviews the goals, concept, structure, operation, funding levels, and evaluation of foreign programs similar to major U.S. programs, e.g., innovation awards, S&T parks, and consortia. The report describes the transition of flexible electronics research into products and to makes recommendations to improve and to develop U.S. programs. Through an examination of the role of research consortia around the world to advance flexible electronics technology, the report makes recommendations for steps that the U.S. might consider to develop a robust industry in the United States.\nSignificant U.S. expansion in the market for flexible electronics technologies is not likely to occur in the absence of mechanisms to address investment risks, the sharing of intellectual property, and the diverse technology requirements associated with developing and manufacturing flexible electronics technologies. The Flexible Electronics Opportunity makes recommendations for collaboration among industry, universities, and government to achieve the critical levels of investment and the acceleration of new technology development that are needed to catalyze a vibrant flexible electronics industry. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18812/the-flexible-electronics-opportunity", year = 2014, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Approaches to Improve Engineering Design", abstract = "Approaches to Improve Engineering Design examines the theories and techniques for decision making under conditions of risk, uncertainty, and conflicting human values. This report attempts not only to analyze existing tools but also to identify opportunities to establish a more rigorous fundamental basis for decision making in engineering design.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10502/approaches-to-improve-engineering-design", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Japanese to English Machine Translation: Report of a Symposium", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9512/japanese-to-english-machine-translation-report-of-a-symposium", year = 1990, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Learning From Japan: Improving Knowledge of Japanese Technology Management Practices", abstract = "The U.S.-Japan Industry and Technology Management Training Program provides the opportunity for U.S. academics to broaden and deepen their understanding of the multifaceted sources of Japanese industrial success and to convey that understanding to practitioners in U.S. industry and government laboratories. After reviewing the program's progress, Learning From Japan: Improving Knowledge of Japanese Technology Management Practices concludes that a multidisciplinary approach to research, education, and training must be used, and an aggressive effort must be made to disseminate the results to industry. Building a multidisciplinary specialization would provide a framework for research, publications, curriculum development, and continuing education activities. Yet, making this specialization as relevant and useful as possible would require input from industry, and industry must, in turn, be convinced of the value of the program. Learning From Japan recommends that achieving these twin goals\u2014creating a strong academic specialization and ensuring its relevance to the needs of U.S. industry\u2014should guide the future management of the program.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18453/learning-from-japan-improving-knowledge-of-japanese-technology-management-practices", year = 1994, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Synthesis and Characterization of Advanced Materials", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10846/synthesis-and-characterization-of-advanced-materials", year = 1984, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Fourth Dimension in Building: Strategies for Avoiding Obsolescence", isbn = "978-0-309-04842-2", abstract = "Public facilities are valuable assets that can provide decades of high quality of service if they are effectively utilized. Despite effective planning, design, and management, sometimes users or owners change and have requirements different from those that the facility was initially intended to fulfill. In addition, the technologies sometimes change, making facilities obsolete before they have worn out or otherwise failed.\nThis book explores the meaning of obsolescence as the term applies to buildings. It discusses the functional, economic, technological, social, legal, political, and cultural factors that can influence when obsolescence will occur and considers what design professional and building owners and users can do to delay and minimize the costs of obsolescence. The analyses apply to all buildings, but public facilities are given added attention because of their special management problems.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2124/fourth-dimension-in-building-strategies-for-avoiding-obsolescence", year = 1993, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Simulated Voyages: Using Simulation Technology to Train and License Mariners", isbn = "978-0-309-05383-9", abstract = "This book assesses the state of practice and use of ship-bridge simulators in the professional development and licensing of deck officers and marine pilots. It focuses on full-mission computer-based simulators and manned models. It analyzes their use in instruction, evaluation and licensing and gives information and practical guidance on the establishment of training and licensing program standards, and on simulator and simulation validation.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5065/simulated-voyages-using-simulation-technology-to-train-and-license-mariners", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Enabling Technologies for Unified Life-Cycle Engineering of Structural Components", isbn = "978-0-309-04492-9", abstract = "Unified life-cycle engineering (ULCE), or concurrent engineering, is a design engineering environment in which computer-aided design technology is used to assess and improve the quality of a product\u2014not only during the active design phases but throughout its entire life cycle. This is achieved by integrating and optimizing the design attributes for producibility and supportability as well as for performance, operability, cost, and schedule.\nThis book addresses ULCE approaches to design, manufacture, and application of structural components\u2014especially for advanced military systems. Conclusions and recommendations to support the development of an effective ULCE design engineering environment are presented.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1776/enabling-technologies-for-unified-life-cycle-engineering-of-structural-components", year = 1991, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "David B. Roe and Jay G. Wilpon", title = "Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines", isbn = "978-0-309-04988-7", abstract = "Science fiction has long been populated with conversational computers and robots. Now, speech synthesis and recognition have matured to where a wide range of real-world applications\u2014from serving people with disabilities to boosting the nation's competitiveness\u2014are within our grasp.\nVoice Communication Between Humans and Machines takes the first interdisciplinary look at what we know about voice processing, where our technologies stand, and what the future may hold for this fascinating field. The volume integrates theoretical, technical, and practical views from world-class experts at leading research centers around the world, reporting on the scientific bases behind human-machine voice communication, the state of the art in computerization, and progress in user friendliness. It offers an up-to-date treatment of technological progress in key areas: speech synthesis, speech recognition, and natural language understanding.\nThe book also explores the emergence of the voice processing industry and specific opportunities in telecommunications and other businesses, in military and government operations, and in assistance for the disabled. It outlines, as well, practical issues and research questions that must be resolved if machines are to become fellow problem-solvers along with humans.\nVoice Communication Between Humans and Machines provides a comprehensive understanding of the field of voice processing for engineers, researchers, and business executives, as well as speech and hearing specialists, advocates for people with disabilities, faculty and students, and interested individuals.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2308/voice-communication-between-humans-and-machines", year = 1994, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Effects of Double-Hull Requirements on Oil Spill Prevention: Interim Report", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9131/effects-of-double-hull-requirements-on-oil-spill-prevention-interim", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Minding the Helm: Marine Navigation and Piloting", isbn = "978-0-309-10360-2", abstract = "Large ships transporting hazardous cargoes, notorious marine accidents, and damage to marine ecosystems from tanker spills have heightened public concern for the safe navigation of ships.\nThis new volume offers a complete, highly readable assessment of marine navigation and piloting. It addresses the application of new technology to reduce the probability of accidents, controversies over the effectiveness of waterways management and marine pilotage, and navigational decisionmaking. The book also explores the way pilots of ships and tugs are trained, licensed, and held accountable.\nMinding the Helm approaches navigational safety from the perspectives of risk assessment and the integration of human, technological, and organizational systems. Air and marine traffic regulation methods are compared, including the use of vessel traffic services.\nWith a store of current information and examples, this document will be indispensable to federal and state pilotage and licensing authorities and marine traffic regulators, the Coast Guard, pilot associations, and the shipping and towing industries. It will also interest individuals involved in waterway design, marine education, and the marine environment.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2055/minding-the-helm-marine-navigation-and-piloting", year = 1994, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Engineering", editor = "Bruce R. Guile and James Brian Quinn", title = "Managing Innovation: Cases from the Services Industries", isbn = "978-0-309-03891-1", abstract = "This book of case histories is devoted solely to service industries and the technologies that drive them, as told by those who have developed segments of these industries. The chapters cover innovations such as Federal Express's advanced system for package tracking, Citicorp's development of the Automated Teller Machine, AT&T's experience with mobile telephones, Bell & Howell's introduction of an automated automotive parts catalog, and the New York Stock Exchange's development of electronic trading. Some broader analyses discuss the interfaces between services technologies and manufacturing, operations research in services, and technology in professional services.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/765/managing-innovation-cases-from-the-services-industries", year = 1988, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Fire Research Abstracts and Reviews, Volume 14", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18863/fire-research-abstracts-and-reviews-volume-14", year = 1972, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }