%0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %E Hollander, Rachelle D. %T The Climate Change Educational Partnership: Climate Change, Engineered Systems, and Society: A Report of Three Workshops %@ 978-0-309-31275-2 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18957/the-climate-change-educational-partnership-climate-change-engineered-systems-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18957/the-climate-change-educational-partnership-climate-change-engineered-systems-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 103 %X Societies develop engineered systems to address or mediate climate-related problems, such as drought, sea-level rise or wildfire control; the mediation involves public trust, public engagement, and governance. In these efforts, societies also decide - intentionally or implicitly - questions of justice and sustainability, such as what areas will receive mediation measures, what types of measures will be used, and what levels and kinds of local impacts are tolerated. In September 2010, the Center for Engineering, Ethics, and Society at the National Academy of Engineering began working with four other partners on a Climate Change Educational Partnership Phase I planning grant from the National Science Foundation. The project focused on defining and characterizing the societal and pedagogical challenges posed by the interactions of climate change, engineered systems and society, and identifying the educational efforts that a network could use to enable engineers, teachers, students, policymakers, and the public to meet the challenges. The project also aimed to build awareness of the complexities among a diverse set of communities affected by climate change and engineered systems and to engage the communities in addressing these challenges. The Climate Change Educational Partnership is the summary of three workshops convened over the course of the grant on the interactions of climate change with engineered systems in society and the educational efforts needed to address them. The first workshop provided the partners with an introduction to the varied social and technical dimensions found in the relationships among climate, engineered systems, and society. The second workshop built on the common language developed in the first. It allowed the partners to expand involvement in the project to include representatives from community and tribal colleges, professional societies and business. It examined the opportunities and challenges for formal and informal education, particularly in engineering classrooms and science museums, to prepare students and citizens to address these issues. The third workshop allowed the partners to broaden further the discussion and the audience. It solicited participation from government officials, Native American tribal representatives, professional society leaders, as well as educators, artists, scientists, and engineers who are developing programs that can manage change and educate students and citizens in ways that foster their leadership skills. The Climate Change Educational Partnership will be a useful resource to engineers, educators, corporate leaders, local and regional officials, members of professional societies, and others in their efforts to understand and address the challenges of climate change and its societal impacts. %0 Book %T Sustainable Federal Facilities: A Guide to Integrating Value Engineering, Life-Cycle Costing, and Sustainable Development %@ 978-0-309-07299-1 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10093/sustainable-federal-facilities-a-guide-to-integrating-value-engineering-life %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10093/sustainable-federal-facilities-a-guide-to-integrating-value-engineering-life %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 144 %X In the late 1990s, several of the sponsor agencies of the Federal Facilities Council began developing and implementing initiatives and policies related to sustainable development. Guidance related to life-cycle costing and value engineering was recognized as being supportive of sustainable development, in particular when used in the conceptual planning and design phases of acquisition, where decisions are made that substantially effect the ultimate performance of a building over its life cycle. However, specific concerns were raised that when federal agencies apply value engineering in the final stages of design or during construction in response to cost overruns, design features that support sustainable development may be eliminated. The primary objective of this study, therefore, was to develop a framework to show how federal agencies can use value engineering and life-cycle costing to support sustainable development for federal facilities and meet the objectives of Executive Order 13123. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %T Making a World of Difference: Engineering Ideas into Reality %@ 978-0-309-31265-3 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18966/making-a-world-of-difference-engineering-ideas-into-reality %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18966/making-a-world-of-difference-engineering-ideas-into-reality %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 63 %X Fifty years ago, the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) was founded by the stroke of a pen when the National Academy of Sciences Council approved the NAE's articles of organization. Making a World of Difference commemorates the NAE anniversary with a collection of essays that highlight the prodigious changes in people's lives that have been created by engineering over the past half century and consider how the future will be similarly shaped. Over the past 50 years, engineering has transformed our lives literally every day, and it will continue to do so going forward, utilizing new capabilities, creating new applications, and providing ever-expanding services to people. The essays of Making a World of Difference discuss the seamless integration of engineering into both our society and our daily lives, and present a vision of what engineering may deliver in the next half century. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %E Karamouz, Mohammad %E Budinger, Thomas F. %T Livable Cities of the Future: Proceedings of a Symposium Honoring the Legacy of George Bugliarello %@ 978-0-309-30009-4 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18671/livable-cities-of-the-future-proceedings-of-a-symposium-honoring %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18671/livable-cities-of-the-future-proceedings-of-a-symposium-honoring %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 172 %X At the beginning of the 20th century an estimated five percent of the world's population lived in cities. Today, half the world's population is urbanized. Urban sustainability is multifaceted and encompasses security, economics, environment and resources, health, and quality of life. It can be viewed as the intersection of two extremely complex and not yet fully understood processes, urbanization and global sustainability, which will increasingly overlap as urban populations continue to grow. Effective policies are critical for addressing urban sustainability, and must be politically realistic in deciding on appropriate balances, such as centralized versus decentralized systems, "soft" versus "hard" solutions, local versus regional focus, agriculture versus pollution, and free markets versus interventions. Livable Cities of the Future, a symposium honoring the legacy of George Bugliarello, was hosted October 26, 2012, by the Polytechnic Institute of New York University (NYU-Poly) in the Pfizer Auditorium of the Bern Dibner Library of Science and Technology. The event brought together more than 200 engineers, civic leaders, educators, and futurists to discuss how George Bugliarello's vision manifests itself in innovative urban planning for the cities of tomorrow. This report is a summary of the presentations and discussion at that event. The symposium objectives were to cultivate ideas for best practices and innovative strategies for sustainable urban development and to facilitate the evolution of New York City to a real-life laboratory for urban innovation. Participants heard the perspectives and experiences of representatives from private and public service operators, infrastructure agencies, and the academic community. Elected officials and other stakeholders in urban and other sectors examined issues critical to resilient and sustainable cities, such as energy, water supply and treatment, public health, security infrastructure, transportation, telecommunications, and environmental protection. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Fire Research Abstracts and Reviews, Volume 9 %D 1967 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18858/fire-research-abstracts-and-reviews-volume-9 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18858/fire-research-abstracts-and-reviews-volume-9 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 316 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Conservation of Historic Stone Buildings and Monuments %@ 978-0-309-03275-9 %D 1982 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/514/conservation-of-historic-stone-buildings-and-monuments %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/514/conservation-of-historic-stone-buildings-and-monuments %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 379 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Casola, Linda %T Enhancing Urban Sustainability Infrastructure: Mathematical Approaches for Optimizing Investments: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-70071-9 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26905/enhancing-urban-sustainability-infrastructure-mathematical-approaches-for-optimizing-investments-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26905/enhancing-urban-sustainability-infrastructure-mathematical-approaches-for-optimizing-investments-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 140 %X The National Academies Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics and Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment convened a 3-day public workshop on July 13, 20, and 27, 2022, to explore state-of-the-art analytical tools that could advance urban sustainability through improved prioritization of public works projects. Invited speakers included people working in urban sustainability, city planning, local public and private infrastructure, asset management, and infrastructure investment; city officials and utility officials; and statisticians, data scientists, mathematicians, economists, computer scientists, and artificial intelligence/machine learning experts. Presentations and workshop discussions provided insights into new research areas that have the potential to advance urban sustainability in public works planning, as well as the barriers to their adoption. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Environmental Engineering for the 21st Century: Addressing Grand Challenges %@ 978-0-309-47655-3 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25121/environmental-engineering-for-the-21st-century-addressing-grand-challenges %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25121/environmental-engineering-for-the-21st-century-addressing-grand-challenges %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Earth Sciences %P 124 %X Environmental engineers support the well-being of people and the planet in areas where the two intersect. Over the decades the field has improved countless lives through innovative systems for delivering water, treating waste, and preventing and remediating pollution in air, water, and soil. These achievements are a testament to the multidisciplinary, pragmatic, systems-oriented approach that characterizes environmental engineering. Environmental Engineering for the 21st Century: Addressing Grand Challenges outlines the crucial role for environmental engineers in this period of dramatic growth and change. The report identifies five pressing challenges of the 21st century that environmental engineers are uniquely poised to help advance: sustainably supply food, water, and energy; curb climate change and adapt to its impacts; design a future without pollution and waste; create efficient, healthy, resilient cities; and foster informed decisions and actions. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Spectrum Management for Science in the 21st Century %@ 978-0-309-14686-9 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12800/spectrum-management-for-science-in-the-21st-century %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12800/spectrum-management-for-science-in-the-21st-century %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Engineering and Technology %P 248 %X Radio observations of the cosmos are gathered by geoscientists using complex earth-orbiting satellites and ground-based equipment, and by radio astronomers using large ground-based radio telescopes. Signals from natural radio emissions are extremely weak, and the equipment used to measure them is becoming ever-more sophisticated and sensitive. The radio spectrum is also being used by radiating, or "active," services, ranging from aircraft radars to rapidly expanding consumer services such as cellular telephones and wireless internet. These valuable active services transmit radio waves and thereby potentially interfere with the receive-only, or "passive," scientific services. Transmitters for the active services create an artificial "electronic fog" which can cause confusion, and, in severe cases, totally blinds the passive receivers. Both the active and the passive services are increasing their use of the spectrum, and so the potential for interference, already strong, is also increasing. This book addresses the tension between the active services' demand for greater spectrum use and the passive users' need for quiet spectrum. The included recommendations provide a pathway for putting in place the regulatory mechanisms and associated supporting research activities necessary to meet the demands of both users. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Energy-Efficiency Standards and Green Building Certification Systems Used by the Department of Defense for Military Construction and Major Renovations %@ 978-0-309-27038-0 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18282/energy-efficiency-standards-and-green-building-certification-systems-used-by-the-department-of-defense-for-military-construction-and-major-renovations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18282/energy-efficiency-standards-and-green-building-certification-systems-used-by-the-department-of-defense-for-military-construction-and-major-renovations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Engineering and Technology %P 218 %X Congress has an ongoing interest in ensuring that the 500,000 buildings and other structures owned and operated by the Department of Defense (DOD) are operated effectively in terms of cost and resource use. Section 2830 of the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year requires the Secretary of Defense to submit a report to the congressional defense committees on the energy-efficiency and sustainability standards used by DOD for military construction and major renovations of buildings. DOD's report must include a cost-benefit analysis, return on investment, and long-term payback for the building standards and green building certification systems, including: (A) American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 189.1-2011 for the Design of High-Performance, Green Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential. (B) ASHRAE Energy Standard 90.1-2010 for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential. (C) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Silver, Gold, and Platinum certification for green buildings, as well as the LEED Volume certification. (D) Other American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredited standards. DOD's report to the congressional defense committees must also include a copy of DOD policy prescribing a comprehensive strategy for the pursuit of design and building standards across the department that include specific energy-efficiency standards and sustainable design attributes for military construction based on the cost-benefit analysis, return on investment, and demonstrated payback required for the aforementioned building standards and green building certification systems. Energy-Efficiency Standards and Green Building Certification Systems Used by the Department of Defense for Military Construction and Major Renovations summarizes the recommendations for energy efficiency. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %T Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2011 Symposium %@ 978-0-309-22143-6 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13274/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13274/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 174 %X The practice of engineering is continually changing. Engineers today must be able not only to thrive in an environment of rapid technological change and globalization, but also to work on interdisciplinary teams. Cutting-edge research is being done at the intersections of engineering disciplines, and successful researchers and practitioners must be aware of developments and challenges in areas that may not be familiar to them. At the U.S. Frontiers of Engineer Symposium, engineers have the opportunity to learn from their peers about pioneering work being done in many areas of engineering. Frontiers of Engineering 2011: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2011 Symposium highlights the papers presented at the event. This book covers four general topics from the 2011 symposium: additive manufacturing, semantic processing, engineering sustainable buildings, and neuro-prosthetics. The papers from these presentations provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities of these fields of inquiry, and communicate the excitement of discovery. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Transforming EPA Science to Meet Today's and Tomorrow's Challenges %@ 978-0-309-68976-2 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26602/transforming-epa-science-to-meet-todays-and-tomorrows-challenges %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26602/transforming-epa-science-to-meet-todays-and-tomorrows-challenges %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Engineering and Technology %P 162 %X Since its establishment in 1970, the mission of the Environmental Protection Agency is to protect human health and the environment. EPA develops regulations, ensures compliance, and issues policies, in coordination with state, tribal, and local governments. To accomplish its mission, EPA should be equipped to produce and access the highest quality and most advanced science. The Office of Research and Development (ORD) provides the scientific bases for regulatory and public health policies that have broad impacts on the nation’s natural resources and quality of human life, and that yield economic benefits and incur compliance costs for the regulated community. In addition, ORD develops the agency core research capabilities, providing tools and methods for meeting current and anticipating future environmental challenges, such as the risks to health and the environment posed by climate change. Because challenges associated with environmental protection today are complex and affected by many interacting factors, the report points to the need for a substantially broader and better integrated approach to environmental protection. This report calls for EPA ORD to pursue all of its scientific aims in a new framework—to apply systems thinking to a One Environment − One Health approach in all aspects of ORD work. To accomplish this, the report provides actionable recommendations on how ORD might consider incorporating emerging science and systems thinking into the agency research planning, so that ORD can become an increasingly impactful organization. The report identifies a number of high-priority recommendations for ORD to pursue in taking advantage of a broad range of advanced tools, in concert with collaborators in other federal agencies and the broader scientific community. Given the resource constraints, the report recognizes that ORD will have to make decisions about priorities for implementing its recommendations, and that ORD leadership is in the best position to set those priorities as implementation begins. The report concluded by stating that shifting to a systems-thinking approach will require renewed support from science leadership, enhanced strategic planning, investment in new and broader expertise and tools, and a reimagined and inclusive commitment to communication and collaboration. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Research Council %E Honey, Margaret %E Pearson, Greg %E Schweingruber, Heidi %T STEM Integration in K-12 Education: Status, Prospects, and an Agenda for Research %@ 978-0-309-29796-7 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18612/stem-integration-in-k-12-education-status-prospects-and-an %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18612/stem-integration-in-k-12-education-status-prospects-and-an %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Engineering and Technology %P 180 %X STEM Integration in K-12 Education examines current efforts to connect the STEM disciplines in K-12 education. This report identifies and characterizes existing approaches to integrated STEM education, both in formal and after- and out-of-school settings. The report reviews the evidence for the impact of integrated approaches on various student outcomes, and it proposes a set of priority research questions to advance the understanding of integrated STEM education. STEM Integration in K-12 Education proposes a framework to provide a common perspective and vocabulary for researchers, practitioners, and others to identify, discuss, and investigate specific integrated STEM initiatives within the K-12 education system of the United States. STEM Integration in K-12 Education makes recommendations for designers of integrated STEM experiences, assessment developers, and researchers to design and document effective integrated STEM education. This report will help to further their work and improve the chances that some forms of integrated STEM education will make a positive difference in student learning and interest and other valued outcomes. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Climate Change, the Indoor Environment, and Health %@ 978-0-309-20941-0 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13115/climate-change-the-indoor-environment-and-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13115/climate-change-the-indoor-environment-and-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Engineering and Technology %P 286 %X The indoor environment affects occupants' health and comfort. Poor environmental conditions and indoor contaminants are estimated to cost the U.S. economy tens of billions of dollars a year in exacerbation of illnesses like asthma, allergic symptoms, and subsequent lost productivity. Climate change has the potential to affect the indoor environment because conditions inside buildings are influenced by conditions outside them. Climate Change, the Indoor Environment, and Health addresses the impacts that climate change may have on the indoor environment and the resulting health effects. It finds that steps taken to mitigate climate change may cause or exacerbate harmful indoor environmental conditions. The book discusses the role the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should take in informing the public, health professionals, and those in the building industry about potential risks and what can be done to address them. The study also recommends that building codes account for climate change projections; that federal agencies join to develop or refine protocols and testing standards for evaluating emissions from materials, furnishings, and appliances used in buildings; and that building weatherization efforts include consideration of health effects. Climate Change, the Indoor Environment, and Health is written primarily for the EPA and other federal agencies, organizations, and researchers with interests in public health; the environment; building design, construction, and operation; and climate issues. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Equitable and Resilient Infrastructure Investments %@ 978-0-309-69092-8 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26633/equitable-and-resilient-infrastructure-investments %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26633/equitable-and-resilient-infrastructure-investments %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %K Engineering and Technology %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 60 %X Communities across the United States are subject to ever-increasing human suffering and financial impacts of disasters caused by extreme weather events and other natural hazards amplified in frequency and intensity by climate change. While media coverage sometimes paints these disasters as affecting rich and poor alike and suggests that natural disasters do not discriminate, the reality is that they do. There have been decades of discriminatory policies, practices, and embedded bias within infrastructure planning processes. Among the source of these policies and practices are the agencies that promote resilience and provide hazard mitigation and recovery services, and the funding mechanisms they employ. These practices have resulted in low-income communities, often predominantly Indigenous people and communities of color, bearing a disproportionate share of the social, economic, health, and environmental burdens caused by extreme weather and other natural disasters. At the request of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Resilient America Program of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened the Committee on Applied Research Topics for Hazard Mitigation and Resilience to assist the FEMA in reducing the immense human and financial toll of disasters caused by natural hazards and other large-scale emergencies. FEMA asked the committee to identify applied research topics, information, and expertise that can inform action and collaborative priorities within the natural hazard mitigation and resilience fields. This report explores equitable and infrastructure investments for natural hazard mitigation and resilience, focusing on: partnerships for equitable infrastructure development; systemic change toward resilient and equitable infrastructure investment; and innovations in finance and financial analysis.