@BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Alexandra K. Wigdor and Bert F. Green, Jr.", title = "Performance Assessment for the Workplace, Volume II: Technical Issues", isbn = "978-0-309-04539-1", abstract = "Volume II covers a number of measurement and analytical issues in greater technical detail, including: range restriction adjustments, methods for evaluating multiple sources of error in measurement, comparing alternative measures of performance, and strategies for clustering military occupations.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1898/performance-assessment-for-the-workplace-volume-ii-technical-issues", year = 1991, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Alexandra K. Wigdor and Bert F. Green, Jr.", title = "Performance Assessment for the Workplace: Volume I", isbn = "978-0-309-07659-3", abstract = "Although ability testing has been an American preoccupation since the 1920s, comparatively little systematic attention has been paid to understanding and measuring the kinds of human performance that tests are commonly used to predict\u2014such as success at school or work. Now, a sustained, large-scale effort has been made to develop measures that are very close to actual performance on the job. The four military services have carried out an ambitious study, called the Joint-Service Job Performance Measurement\/Enlistment Standards (JPM) Project, that brings new sophistication to the measurement of performance in work settings.\nVolume 1 analyzes the JPM experience in the context of human resource management policy in the military. Beginning with a historical overview of the criterion problem, it looks closely at substantive and methodological issues in criterion research suggested by the project: the development of performance measures; sampling, logistical, and standardization problems; evaluating the reliability and content representativeness of performance measures; and the relationship between predictor scores and performance measures\u2014valuable information that can also be useful in the civilian workplace.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1862/performance-assessment-for-the-workplace-volume-i", year = 1991, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Engineering", title = "Engineering Research and America's Future: Meeting the Challenges of a Global Economy", isbn = "978-0-309-09642-3", abstract = "Leadership in innovation is essential to U.S. prosperity and security. In a global,\nknowledge-driven economy, technological innovation\u2014the transformation of new\nknowledge into products, processes, and services of value to society\u2014is critical to\ncompetitiveness, long-term productivity growth, and an improved quality of life.\nPreeminence in technological innovation depends on a wide array of factors, one\nof which is leadership in engineering research, education, and practice. A threedecade-\nlong decline in the share of federal investment in research and development\ndevoted to engineering and a perceived erosion of basic, long-term engineering\nresearch capability in U.S. industry and federal laboratories have raised serious questions\nabout the long-term health of engineering research in the United States. This\nbook illustrates the critical role of engineering research in maintaining U.S. technological\nleadership; documents major challenges and opportunities facing the U.S.\nengineering research enterprise; and offers specific recommendations for leaders in\nfederal and state government, industry, and universities to help strengthen U.S.\nengineering research in the face of intensifying global competition.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11393/engineering-research-and-americas-future-meeting-the-challenges-of-a", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Alan Lesgold and Michael J. Feuer and Allison M. Black", title = "Transitions in Work and Learning: Implications for Assessment", isbn = "978-0-309-06365-4", abstract = "The dramatic shift in the American labor market away from manufacturing and the growing gap in earnings between high school and college graduates have contributed to a sense of alarm about the capacity of the nation's schools to supply adequately skilled graduates to the work force. The role that schools can or should play in preparing people to enter the world of work is hotly debated. In an effort to nurture the important and ongoing national dialogue on these issues, the Board on Testing and Assessment asked researchers and policymakers to engage in an interdisciplinary review and discussion of available data and implications for assessment policy.\nTransitions in Work and Learning considers the role of assessment in facilitating improved labor market transitions and life-long learning of American workers. It addresses the apparent mismatch between skill requirements of high-performance workplaces and skills acquired by students in school, the validity of existing assessment technologies to determine skills and competencies of persons entering various occupations, and ethical and legal issues in the implementation of new testing and certification programs. The book also examines the role of assessment in determining needed skills; developing ongoing education and training; and providing information to employers, prospective workers, and schools.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5790/transitions-in-work-and-learning-implications-for-assessment", year = 1997, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "John A. Hartigan and Alexandra K. Wigdor", title = "Fairness in Employment Testing: Validity Generalization, Minority Issues, and the General Aptitude Test Battery", isbn = "978-0-309-07473-5", abstract = "Declining American competitiveness in world economic markets has renewed interest in employment testing as a way of putting the right workers in the right jobs. A new study of the U.S. Department of Labor's General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) Referral System sheds light on key questions for America's employers: How well does the GATB predict job success? Are there scientific justifications for adjusting minority test scores? Will increased use of the GATB result in substantial increases in productivity?\nFairness in Employment Testing evaluates both the validity generalization techniques used to justify the use of the GATB across the spectrum of U.S. jobs and the policy of adjusting test scores to promote equal opportunity.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1338/fairness-in-employment-testing-validity-generalization-minority-issues-and-the", year = 1989, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Constance F. Citro and Graham Kalton", title = "The Future of the Survey of Income and Program Participation", isbn = "978-0-309-04795-1", abstract = "This book evaluates changes needed to improve the usefulness and cost-effectiveness of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Conducted by the Census Bureau, SIPP is a major continuing survey that is designed to provide information about the economic well-being of the U.S. population and its need for and participation in government assistance programs (e.g., social security, Medicare, Medicaid, food stamps, AFDC).\nThis volume considers the goals for the survey, the survey and sample design, data collection and processing systems, publications and other data products, analytical techniques for using the data, the methodological research and evaluation to implement and assess the redesign, and the management of the program at the Census Bureau.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2072/the-future-of-the-survey-of-income-and-program-participation", year = 1993, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Charles L. Schultze and Christopher Mackie", title = "At What Price?: Conceptualizing and Measuring Cost-of-Living and Price Indexes", isbn = "978-0-309-07442-1", abstract = "How well does the consumer price index (CPI) reflect the changes that people actually face in living costs\u2014from apples to computers to health care? Given how it is used, is it desirable to construct the CPI as a cost-of-living index (COLI)? With what level of accuracy is it possible to construct a single index that represents changes in the living costs of the nation's diverse population?\nAt What Price? examines the foundations for consumer price indexes, comparing the conceptual and practical strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of traditional \"fixed basket\" and COLI approaches. The book delves into a range of complex issues, from how to deal with the changing quality of goods and services, including difficult-to-define medical services, to how to weight the expenditure patterns of different consumers. It sorts through the key attributes and underlying assumptions that define each index type in order to answer the question: Should a COLI framework be used in constructing the U.S. CPI?\nIn answering this question, the book makes recommendations as to how the Bureau of Labor Statistics can continue to improve the accuracy and relevance of the CPI. With conclusions that could affect the amount of your next pay raise, At What Price? is important to everyone, and a must-read for policy makers, researchers, and employers.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10131/at-what-price-conceptualizing-and-measuring-cost-of-living-and", year = 2002, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Alison Buttenheim and Robert Moffitt and Alexandra Beatty", title = "Behavioral Economics: Policy Impact and Future Directions", isbn = "978-0-309-69983-9", abstract = "Behavioral economics - a field based in collaborations among economists and psychologists - focuses on integrating a nuanced understanding of behavior into models of decision-making. Since the mid-20th century, this growing field has produced research in numerous domains and has influenced policymaking, research, and marketing. However, little has been done to assess these contributions and review evidence of their use in the policy arena.\nBehavioral Economics: Policy Impact and Future Directions examines the evidence for behavioral economics and its application in six public policy domains: health, retirement benefits, climate change, social safety net benefits, climate change, education, and criminal justice. The report concludes that the principles of behavioral economics are indispensable for the design of policy and recommends integrating behavioral specialists into policy development within government units. In addition, the report calls for strengthening research methodology and identifies research priorities for building on the accomplishments of the field to date.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26874/behavioral-economics-policy-impact-and-future-directions", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Improving Self-Escape from Underground Coal Mines", isbn = "978-0-309-28276-5", abstract = "Coal mine disasters in the United States are relatively rare events; many of the roughly 50,000 miners underground will never have to evacuate a mine in an emergency during their careers. However, for those that do, the consequences have the potential to be devastating. U.S. mine safety practices have received increased attention in recent years because of the highly publicized coal mine disasters in 2006 and 2010. Investigations have centered on understanding both how to prevent or mitigate emergencies and what capabilities are needed by miners to self-escape to a place of safety successfully. This report focuses on the latter - the preparations for self-escape.\nIn the wake of 2006 disasters, the U.S. Congress passed the Mine Improvement\nand New Emergency Response Act of 2006 (MINER Act), which was designed to strengthen existing mine safety regulations and set forth new measures aimed at improving accident preparedness and emergency response in underground coal mines. Since that time, the efforts of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) have contributed to safety improvements in the mining industry. However, the Upper Big Branch mine explosion in 2010 served as a reminder to remain ever vigilant on improving the prevention of mine disasters and preparations to help miners survive in the event of emergencies.\nThis study was set in the context of human-systems integration (HSI), a systems approach that examines the interaction of people, tasks, and equipment and technology in the pursuit of a goal. It recognizes this interaction occurs within, and is influenced by, the broader environmental context. A key premise of human-systems integration is that much important information is lost when the various tasks within a system are considered individually or in isolation rather than in interaction with the whole system. Improving Self-Escape from Underground Coal Mines, the task of self-escape is part of the mine safety system. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18300/improving-self-escape-from-underground-coal-mines", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Beverly Messick Huey and Christopher D. Wickens", title = "Workload Transition: Implications for Individual and Team Performance", isbn = "978-0-309-04796-8", abstract = "Workload transition is a potentially crucial problem in work situations wherein operators are faced with abrupt changes in task demands. People involved include military combat personnel, air-traffic controllers, medical personnel in emergency rooms, and long-distance drivers. They must be able to respond efficiently to sudden increases in workload imposed by a failure, crisis, or other, often unexpected, event.\nThis book provides a systematic evaluation of workload transition. It focuses on a broad spectrum of activities ranging from team cooperation to the maintenance of this problem on a theoretical level and offers several practical solutions.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2045/workload-transition-implications-for-individual-and-team-performance", year = 1993, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Computer-Aided Materials Selection During Structural Design", isbn = "978-0-309-05193-4", abstract = "The selection of the proper materials for a structural component is a critical activity that is governed by many, often conflicting factors. Incorporating materials expert systems into CAD\/CAM operations could assist designers by suggesting potential manufacturing processes for particular products to facilitate concurrent engineering, recommending various materials for a specific part based on a given set of characteristics, or proposing possible modifications of a design if suitable materials for a particular part do not exist. This book reviews the structural design process, determines the elements, and capabilities required for a materials selection expert system to assist design engineers, and recommends the areas of expert system and materials modeling research and development required to devise a materials-specific design system.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4829/computer-aided-materials-selection-during-structural-design", year = 1995, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Patricia Albjerg Graham and Nevzer G. Stacey", title = "The Knowledge Economy and Postsecondary Education: Report of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-08292-1", abstract = "The Workshop on the Knowledge Economy and Postsecondary Education documents changes seen in the postsecondary education system. In her report Lisa Hudson focuses on who is participating in postsecondary education; Tom Bailey concentrates on community colleges as the most responsive institutions to employer needs; Carol Twigg surveys the ways that four-year institutions are attempting to modify their curricular offerings and pedagogy to adapt those that will be more useful; and Brian Pusser emphasizes the public\u2019s broader interests in higher education and challenges the acceptance of the primacy of job preparation for the individual and of \"market\" metaphors as an appropriate descriptor of American higher education. An example of a for-profit company providing necessary instruction for workers is also examined. \nRichard Murnane, Nancy Sharkey, and Frank Levy investigate the experience of Cisco high school and community college students need to testify to their information technology skills to earn certificates. Finally, John Bransford, Nancy Vye, and Helen Bateman address the ways learning occurs and how these can be encouraged, particularly in cyberspace.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10239/the-knowledge-economy-and-postsecondary-education-report-of-a-workshop", year = 2002, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Looking Ahead at the Cybersecurity Workforce at the Federal Aviation Administration", isbn = "978-0-309-39150-4", abstract = "The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has overseen significant upgrades to the technology used to manage aviation operations to increase the safety and efficiency of the National Airspace System (NAS). Though necessary to regular operations, these modern computing and communications systems provide a greater attack surface for criminals, terrorists, or nation-states to exploit and thereby increase the potential for cybersecurity threats to the NAS and its constituents.\nThe future safety and security of air travel will rely in part on the ability of the FAA to build a workforce capable of addressing the evolving cybersecurity threat landscape. Securing the computers, networks, and data that underpin modern aviation depends in part on the FAA having enough cybersecurity professionals (capacity) with the right knowledge, skills, and abilities (capability)). It also depends on the FAA's workforce having sufficient diversity of backgrounds and experience. Such diversity is critical in analyzing cybersecurity problems and widely understood to be a \"functional imperative\" for effective cybersecurity programs.\nAt the request of Congress, the publication examines the FAA's cybersecurity workforce challenges, reviews the current strategy for meeting those challenges, and recommends ways to strengthen the FAA's cybersecurity workforce.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26105/looking-ahead-at-the-cybersecurity-workforce-at-the-federal-aviation-administration", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Daniel Druckman and Jerome E. Singer and Harold Van Cott", title = "Enhancing Organizational Performance", isbn = "978-0-309-46623-3", abstract = "Total quality management (TQM), reengineering, the workplace of the twenty-first century\u2014the 1990s have brought a sense of urgency to organizations to change or face stagnation and decline, according to Enhancing Organizational Performance. Organizations are adopting popular management techniques, some scientific, some faddish, often without introducing them properly or adequately measuring the outcome.\nEnhancing Organizational Performance reviews the most popular current approaches to organizational change\u2014total quality management, reengineering, and downsizing\u2014in terms of how they affect organizations and people, how performance improvements can be measured, and what questions remain to be answered by researchers.\nThe committee explores how theory, doctrine, accepted wisdom, and personal experience have all served as sources for organization design. Alternative organization structures such as teams, specialist networks, associations, and virtual organizations are examined.\nEnhancing Organizational Performance looks at the influence of the organization's norms, values, and beliefs\u2014its culture\u2014on people and their performance, identifying cultural \"levers\" available to organization leaders. And what is leadership? The committee sorts through a wealth of research to identify behaviors and skills related to leadership effectiveness. The volume examines techniques for developing these skills and suggests new competencies that will become required with globalization and other trends.\nMergers, networks, alliances, coalitions\u2014organizations are increasingly turning to new intra- and inter-organizational structures. Enhancing Organizational Performance discusses how organizations cooperate to maximize outcomes.\nThe committee explores the changing missions of the U.S. Army as a case study that has relevance to any organization. Noting that a musical greeting card contains more computing power than existed in the entire world before 1950, the committee addresses the impact of new technologies on performance.\nWith examples, insights, and practical criteria, Enhancing Organizational Performance clarifies the nature of organizations and the prospects for performance improvement.\nThis book will be important to corporate leaders, executives, and managers; faculty and students in organizational performance and the social sciences; business journalists; researchers; and interested individuals.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5128/enhancing-organizational-performance", year = 1997, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Leon J. Osterweil and Lynette I. Millett and Joan D. Winston", title = "Social Security Administration Electronic Service Provision: A Strategic Assessment", isbn = "978-0-309-10393-0", abstract = "Social Security Administration Electronic Service Provision examines the Social Security Administration's (SSA's) proposed e-government strategy and provides advice on how the SSA can best deliver services to its constituencies in the future. The assessment by the Committee on the Social Security Administration's E-Government Strategy and Planning for the Future was based on (1) its examination of the SSA's current e-government strategy, including technological assumptions, performance measures and targets, planned operational capabilities, strategic requirements, and future goals; (2) its consideration of strategies, assumptions, and technical and operational requirements in comparable public- and private-sector institutions; and (3) its consideration of the larger organizational, societal, and technological context in which the SSA operates.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11920/social-security-administration-electronic-service-provision-a-strategic-assessment", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Visionary Manufacturing Challenges for 2020", isbn = "978-0-309-06182-7", abstract = "Manufacturing will unquestionably be a very different enterprise in 2020 from what it is today. This book presents an exciting picture of the profitable and productive potential of manufacturing two decades hence.\nThis book takes an international view of future manufacturing that considers the leaps and bounds of technological innovation and the blurring of the lines between the manufacturing and service industries. The authors identify ten strategic technology areas as the most important for research and development and they recommend ways to address crosscutting questions. Representing a variety of industries, the authors identify six \"grand challenges\" that must be overcome for their vision to be realized, including the human\/technology interface, environmental concerns, and miniaturization.\nA host of issues are discussed that will push and pull at manufacturing over the next 20 years: the changing workforce, the changing consumer, the rise of bio- and nanotechnology, the prospects for waste-free processing, simulation and modeling as design tools, shifts in global competition, and much more.\nThe information and analyses in this book will be vitally important to everyone concerned about the future of manufacturing: policymakers, executives, design and engineering professionals, researchers, faculty, and students.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6314/visionary-manufacturing-challenges-for-2020", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Richard Celeste and Dick Thornburgh and Herbert Lin", title = "Asking the Right Questions About Electronic Voting", isbn = "978-0-309-10024-3", abstract = "Many election officials look to electronic voting systems as a means for improving their ability to more effectively conduct and administer elections. At the same time, many information technologists and activists have raised important concerns regarding the security of such systems. Policy makers are caught in the midst of a controversy with both political and technological overtones. The public debate about electronic voting is characterized by a great deal of emotion and rhetoric.\nAsking the Right Questions About Electronic Voting describes the important questions and issues that election officials, policy makers, and informed citizens should ask about the use of computers and information technology in the electoral process\u2014focusing the debate on technical and policy issues that need resolving. The report finds that while electronic voting systems have improved, federal and state governments have not made the commitment necessary for e-voting to be widely used in future elections. More funding, research, and public education are required if e-voting is to become viable.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11449/asking-the-right-questions-about-electronic-voting", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Engineering and National Research Council", title = "Report of a Workshop on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Workforce Needs for the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Defense Industrial Base", isbn = "978-0-309-25180-8", abstract = "Report of a Workshop on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Workforce Needs for the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Defense Industrial Base is the summary of a workshop held August 11, 2011, as part of an 18-month study of the issue. This book assesses the STEM capabilities that the Department of Defense (DOD) needs in order to meet its goals, objectives, and priorities; to assess whether the current DOD workforce and strategy will meet those needs; and to identify and evaluate options and recommend strategies that the department could use to help meet its future STEM needs.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13318/report-of-a-workshop-on-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-stem-workforce-needs-for-the-us-department-of-defense-and-the-us-defense-industrial-base", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "DoD Engagement with Its Manufacturing Innovation Institutes: Phase 2 Study Final Report", isbn = "978-0-309-26319-1", abstract = "To better support the need for timely, effective manufacturing technology development and transition, the Department of Defense (DoD) has established nine Manufacturing Innovation Institutes (MIIs) through its Defense-wide Manufacturing Science and Technology program element within the DoD Manufacturing Technology program. The institutes are considered by DoD to be important facilitators that bring together innovative ecosystems in key technology and market sectors in the United States. DoD MIIs are industry-led public private partnerships, with dual, public and private benefit, providing large commercial market potential while also meeting key U.S. defense industrial needs. The mission of the nine DoD-established institutes addresses both defense and commercial manufacturing needs within specific, defense-relevant technology areas.\nDoD Engagement with Its Manufacturing Innovation Institutes Phase 2 Study provides strategic guidance on protocols for conducting long term engagement assessments of the MIIs including evaluation metrics; best practices for MII education and workforce development programs; and development of strategies for better connecting MIIs to the broader DoD community and to other federal agencies. An interim report focused on the MII assessment protocol topic was published in April 2021 and is also included in this report, in appendixes C and D. This final report provides findings and recommendations relevant to education and workforce development best practices and DoD and other federal agency engagement strategies.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26329/dod-engagement-with-its-manufacturing-innovation-institutes-phase-2-study", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Constance F. Citro and Eric A. Hanushek", title = "Assessing Policies for Retirement Income: Needs for Data, Research, and Models", isbn = "978-0-309-05627-4", abstract = "The retirement income security of older Americans and the cost of providing that security are increasingly the subject of major debate. This volume assesses what we know and recommends what we need to know to estimate the short- and long-term effects of policy alternatives. It details gaps in data and research and evaluates possible models to estimate the impact of policy changes that could affect retirement income from Social Security, pensions, personal savings, and other sources.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5420/assessing-policies-for-retirement-income-needs-for-data-research-and", year = 1997, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }