%0 Book %A National Research Council %E Reiss, Albert J., Jr. %E Miczek, Klaus A. %E Roth, Jeffrey A. %T Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 2: Biobehavioral Influences %@ 978-0-309-04649-7 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4420/understanding-and-preventing-violence-volume-2-biobehavioral-influences %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4420/understanding-and-preventing-violence-volume-2-biobehavioral-influences %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 560 %X This volume contains commissioned reviews of research on biological influences on violent or aggressive behavior. The areas reviewed include genetic contributions to the probability of violent and related behaviors; brain structure and functioning as implicated in aggressive behavior; the roles of hormonal and neurological interactions in violent behavior; the neurochemistry of violence and aggression and its implications for the management of those behaviors; and dietary influences on violent behavior. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Advanced Organic Composite Materials for Aircraft Structures: Future Program %D 1987 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19186/advanced-organic-composite-materials-for-aircraft-structures-future-program %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19186/advanced-organic-composite-materials-for-aircraft-structures-future-program %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Space and Aeronautics %P 114 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Reusable Launch Vehicle: Technology Development and Test Program %@ 978-0-309-05437-9 %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5115/reusable-launch-vehicle-technology-development-and-test-program %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5115/reusable-launch-vehicle-technology-development-and-test-program %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 98 %X The key to opening the use of space to private enterprise and to broader public uses lies in reducing the cost of the transportation to space. More routine, affordable access to space will entail aircraft-like quick turnaround and reliable operations. Currently, the space Shuttle is the only reusable launch vehicle, and even parts of it are expendable while other parts require frequent and extensive refurbishment. NASA's highest priority new activity, the Reusable Launch Vehicle program, is directed toward developing technologies to enable a new generation of space launchers, perhaps but not necessarily with single stage to orbit capability. This book assesses whether the technology development, test and analysis programs in propulsion and materials-related technologies are properly constituted to provide the information required to support a December 1996 decision to build the X-33, a technology demonstrator vehicle; and suggest, as appropriate, necessary changes in these programs to ensure that they will support vehicle feasibility goals. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Microgravity Research in Support of Technologies for the Human Exploration and Development of Space and Planetary Bodies %@ 978-0-309-06491-0 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9452/microgravity-research-in-support-of-technologies-for-the-human-exploration-and-development-of-space-and-planetary-bodies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9452/microgravity-research-in-support-of-technologies-for-the-human-exploration-and-development-of-space-and-planetary-bodies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 224 %X The frontier represented by the near solar system confronts humanity with intriguing challenges and opportunities. With the inception of the Human Exploration and Development of Space (HEDS) enterprise in 1995, NASA has acknowledged the opportunities and has accepted the very significant challenges. Microgravity Research in Support of Technologies for the Human Exploration and Development of Space and Planetary Bodies was commissioned by NASA to assist it in coordinating the scientific information relevant to anticipating, identifying, and solving the technical problems that must be addressed throughout the HEDS program over the coming decades. This report assesses scientific and related technological issues facing NASA's Human Exploration and Development of Space endeavor, looking specifically at mission enabling and enhancing technologies which, for development, require an improved understanding of fluid and material behavior in a reduced gravity environment. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Zimmerman, James V. %T Approaches to Future Space Cooperation and Competition in a Globalizing World: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-13996-0 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12694/approaches-to-future-space-cooperation-and-competition-in-a-globalizing-world %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12694/approaches-to-future-space-cooperation-and-competition-in-a-globalizing-world %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 68 %X Numerous countries and regions now have very active space programs, and the number is increasing. These maturing capabilities around the world create a plethora of potential partners for cooperative space endeavors, while at the same time heightening competitiveness in the international space arena. This book summarizes a public workshop held in November 2008 for the purpose of reviewing past and present cooperation, coordination, and competition mechanisms for space and Earth science research and space exploration; identifying significant lessons learned; and discussing how those lessons could best be applied in the future, particularly in the areas of cooperation and collaboration. Presentations and initial discussion focused on past and present experiences in international cooperation and competition to identify "lessons learned." Those lessons learned were then used as the starting point for subsequent discussions on the most effective ways for structuring future cooperation or coordination in space and Earth science research and space exploration. The goal of the workshop was not to develop a specific model for future cooperation or coordination, but rather to explore the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches and stimulate further deliberation on this important topic. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Byerly, Radford, Jr. %E Leshner, Richard B. %E Whitney, Pamela L. %T Issues and Opportunities Regarding the U.S. Space Program: A Summary Report of a Workshop on National Space Policy %@ 978-0-309-09146-6 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10899/issues-and-opportunities-regarding-the-us-space-program-a-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10899/issues-and-opportunities-regarding-the-us-space-program-a-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 92 %X Ever since the completion of the Apollo program, there has been a lack of consensus about the future of human spaceflight. The Columbia tragedy in February 2003 rekindled public debate about this question. In November 2003, the Space Studies Board and the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board organized a workshop to explore aspects of the question, what should be the principal purpose, goals, and priorities of the U.S. civil space program? This report presents a factual summary of that workshop, which identified past lessons learned and guiding principles for the future of the civil space program. Seven broad themes emerged from the workshop, and these themes are highlighted in the report. The report also presents discussions of strategies for the human spaceflight program and guiding principles of and boundary conditions for a 21st century space policy. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Decadal Survey of Civil Aeronautics: Foundation for the Future %@ 978-0-309-10158-5 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11664/decadal-survey-of-civil-aeronautics-foundation-for-the-future %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11664/decadal-survey-of-civil-aeronautics-foundation-for-the-future %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 212 %X The U.S. air transportation system is very important for our economic well-being and national security. The nation is also the global leader in civil and military aeronautics, a position that needs to be maintained to help assure a strong future for the domestic and international air transportation system. Strong action is needed, however, to ensure that leadership role continues. To that end, the Congress and NASA requested the NRC to undertake a decadal survey of civil aeronautics research and technology (R&T) priorities that would help NASA fulfill its responsibility to preserve U.S. leadership in aeronautics technology. This report presents a set of strategic objectives for the next decade of R&T. It provides a set of high-priority R&T challenges—-characterized by five common themes—-for both NASA and non-NASA researchers, and an analysis of key barriers that must be overcome to reach the strategic objectives. The report also notes the importance of synergies between civil aeronautics R&T objectives and those of national security. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Ball, John R. %E Evans, Charles H., Jr. %T Safe Passage: Astronaut Care for Exploration Missions %@ 978-0-309-07585-5 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10218/safe-passage-astronaut-care-for-exploration-missions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10218/safe-passage-astronaut-care-for-exploration-missions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 317 %X Safe Passage: Astronaut Care for Exploration Missions sets forth a vision for space medicine as it applies to deep space voyage. As space missions increase in duration from months to years and extend well beyond Earth's orbit, so will the attendant risks of working in these extreme and isolated environmental conditions. Hazards to astronaut health range from greater radiation exposure and loss of bone and muscle density to intensified psychological stress from living with others in a confined space. Going beyond the body of biomedical research, the report examines existing space medicine clinical and behavioral research and health care data and the policies attendant to them. It describes why not enough is known today about the dangers of prolonged travel to enable humans to venture into deep space in a safe and sane manner. The report makes a number of recommendations concerning NASA's structure for clinical and behavioral research, on the need for a comprehensive astronaut health care system and on an approach to communicating health and safety risks to astronauts, their families, and the public. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Foundations of a Healthy and Vital Research Community for NASA Science %@ 978-0-309-68885-7 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26575/foundations-of-a-healthy-and-vital-research-community-for-nasa-science %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26575/foundations-of-a-healthy-and-vital-research-community-for-nasa-science %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 108 %X The U.S. space science community includes thousands of scientists across multiple disciplines that influence and are influenced by the many engineers, technicians, and support personnel that are part of the space research enterprise. Over one-third of NASA's budget is devoted to space science, and the agency currently operates over 50 space missions in the fields of astrophysics, Earth science, solar and space physics, planetary science, and the biological and physical sciences. The strength of NASA science lies with its people, both those who work directly for the agency and the thousands of researchers and professionals who are funded by NASA grants and contracts. At the request of NASA, this report examines the foundation for healthy and vital research communities. Foundations of a Healthy and Vital Research Community for NASA Science identifies the characteristics of a healthy and vital research community, defines implementable measures for assessing the health and vitality of a research community, describes the types of data that NASA should be collecting to enable future assessments of the health and vitality of the scientific work force, and recommends best practices to improve the health and vitality of NASA’s research communities. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T New Frontiers in the Solar System: An Integrated Exploration Strategy %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10432/new-frontiers-in-the-solar-system-an-integrated-exploration-strategy %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10432/new-frontiers-in-the-solar-system-an-integrated-exploration-strategy %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 248 %X Solar system exploration is that grand human endeavor which reaches out through interplanetary space to discover the nature and origins of the system of planets in which we live and to learn whether life exists beyond Earth. It is an international enterprise involving scientists, engineers, managers, politicians, and others, sometimes working together and sometimes in competition, to open new frontiers of knowledge. It has a proud past, a productive present, and an auspicious future. This survey was requested by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to determine the contemporary nature of solar system exploration and why it remains a compelling activity today. A broad survey of the state of knowledge was requested. In addition NASA asked for the identifcation of the top-level scientific questions to guide its ongoing program and a prioritized list of the most promising avenues for flight investigations and supporting ground-based activities. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Strategic Investments in Instrumentation and Facilities for Extraterrestrial Sample Curation and Analysis %@ 978-0-309-48669-9 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25312/strategic-investments-in-instrumentation-and-facilities-for-extraterrestrial-sample-curation-and-analysis %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25312/strategic-investments-in-instrumentation-and-facilities-for-extraterrestrial-sample-curation-and-analysis %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 138 %X The United States possesses a treasure-trove of extraterrestrial samples that were returned to Earth via space missions over the past four decades. Analyses of these previously returned samples have led to major breakthroughs in the understanding of the age, composition, and origin of the solar system. Having the instrumentation, facilities and qualified personnel to undertake analyses of returned samples, especially from missions that take up to a decade or longer from launch to return, is thus of paramount importance if the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is to capitalize fully on the investment made in these missions, and to achieve the full scientific impact afforded by these extraordinary samples. Planetary science may be entering a new golden era of extraterrestrial sample return; now is the time to assess how prepared the scientific community is to take advantage of these opportunities. Strategic Investments in Instrumentation and Facilities for Extraterrestrial Sample Curation and Analysis assesses the current capabilities within the planetary science community for sample return analyses and curation, and what capabilities are currently missing that will be needed for future sample return missions. This report evaluates whether current laboratory support infrastructure and NASA's investment strategy is adequate to meet these analytical challenges and advises how the community can keep abreast of evolving and new techniques in order to stay at the forefront of extraterrestrial sample analysis. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics %@ 978-0-309-15799-5 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12951/new-worlds-new-horizons-in-astronomy-and-astrophysics %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12951/new-worlds-new-horizons-in-astronomy-and-astrophysics %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 324 %X Driven by discoveries, and enabled by leaps in technology and imagination, our understanding of the universe has changed dramatically during the course of the last few decades. The fields of astronomy and astrophysics are making new connections to physics, chemistry, biology, and computer science. Based on a broad and comprehensive survey of scientific opportunities, infrastructure, and organization in a national and international context, New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics outlines a plan for ground- and space- based astronomy and astrophysics for the decade of the 2010's. Realizing these scientific opportunities is contingent upon maintaining and strengthening the foundations of the research enterprise including technological development, theory, computation and data handling, laboratory experiments, and human resources. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics proposes enhancing innovative but moderate-cost programs in space and on the ground that will enable the community to respond rapidly and flexibly to new scientific discoveries. The book recommends beginning construction on survey telescopes in space and on the ground to investigate the nature of dark energy, as well as the next generation of large ground-based giant optical telescopes and a new class of space-based gravitational observatory to observe the merging of distant black holes and precisely test theories of gravity. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics recommends a balanced and executable program that will support research surrounding the most profound questions about the cosmos. The discoveries ahead will facilitate the search for habitable planets, shed light on dark energy and dark matter, and aid our understanding of the history of the universe and how the earliest stars and galaxies formed. The book is a useful resource for agencies supporting the field of astronomy and astrophysics, the Congressional committees with jurisdiction over those agencies, the scientific community, and the public. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Progress Toward Implementation of the 2013 Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics: A Midterm Assessment %@ 978-0-309-67127-9 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25668/progress-toward-implementation-of-the-2013-decadal-survey-for-solar-and-space-physics %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25668/progress-toward-implementation-of-the-2013-decadal-survey-for-solar-and-space-physics %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 188 %X The 2013 report Solar and Space Physics; A Science for a Technological Society outlined a program of basic and applied research for the period 2013-2022. This publication describes the most significant scientific discoveries, technical advances, and relevant programmatic changes in solar and space physics since the publication of that decadal survey. Progress Toward Implementation of the 2013 Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics assesses the degree to which the programs of the National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration address the strategies, goals, and priorities outlined in the 2013 decadal survey, and the progress that has been made in meeting those goals. This report additionally considers steps to enhance career opportunities in solar and space physics and recommends actions that should be undertaken to prepare for the next decadal survey. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s %@ 978-0-309-46734-6 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26141/pathways-to-discovery-in-astronomy-and-astrophysics-for-the-2020s %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26141/pathways-to-discovery-in-astronomy-and-astrophysics-for-the-2020s %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 628 %X We live in a time of extraordinary discovery and progress in astronomy and astrophysics. The next decade will transform our understanding of the universe and humanity's place in it. Every decade the U.S. agencies that provide primary federal funding for astronomy and astrophysics request a survey to assess the status of, and opportunities for the Nation's efforts to forward our understanding of the cosmos. Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s identifies the most compelling science goals and presents an ambitious program of ground- and space-based activities for future investment in the next decade and beyond. The decadal survey identifies three important science themes for the next decade aimed at investigating Earth-like extrasolar planets, the most energetic processes in the universe, and the evolution of galaxies. The Astro2020 report also recommends critical near-term actions to support the foundations of the profession as well as the technologies and tools needed to carry out the science. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T NASA Space Technology Roadmaps and Priorities: Restoring NASA's Technological Edge and Paving the Way for a New Era in Space %@ 978-0-309-25362-8 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13354/nasa-space-technology-roadmaps-and-priorities-restoring-nasas-technological-edge %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13354/nasa-space-technology-roadmaps-and-priorities-restoring-nasas-technological-edge %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 376 %X NASA's Office of the Chief Technologist (OCT) has begun to rebuild the advanced space technology program in the agency with plans laid out in 14 draft technology roadmaps. It has been years since NASA has had a vigorous, broad-based program in advanced space technology development and its technology base has been largely depleted. However, success in executing future NASA space missions will depend on advanced technology developments that should already be underway. Reaching out to involve the external technical community, the National Research Council (NRC) considered the 14 draft technology roadmaps prepared by OCT and ranked the top technical challenges and highest priority technologies that NASA should emphasize in the next 5 years. This report provides specific guidance and recommendations on how the effectiveness of the technology development program managed by OCT can be enhanced in the face of scarce resources. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium: An Overview %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10314/astronomy-and-astrophysics-in-the-new-millennium-an-overview %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10314/astronomy-and-astrophysics-in-the-new-millennium-an-overview %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 28 %X The report of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee (AASC), Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium, contains recommendations in priority order for new initiatives to realize the science goals of the field. It is the most recent in a series of surveys that are carried out once every ten years. In preparing the New Millennium report, the AASC made use of a series of panel reports that address various aspects of ground- and space-based astronomy and astrophysics. These reports provide in-depth technical detail. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Aeronautics: Scenario-Based Strategic Planning for NASA's Aeronautics Enterprise %@ 978-0-309-05696-0 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5546/maintaining-us-leadership-in-aeronautics-scenario-based-strategic-planning-for %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5546/maintaining-us-leadership-in-aeronautics-scenario-based-strategic-planning-for %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 138 %X Although the U.S. aeronautics industry has been one of the undisputed success stories in global competitiveness throughout the latter half of this century and is currently one of the largest positive industrial contributors to the U.S. balance of trade, long-term strategic planning is necessary to ensure that the United States retains a strong and competitive aeronautics industry in the future. Recognizing that a long-term strategic plan for aeronautics requires a broad-based national perspective that includes the needs of users and consumers, the National Research Council conducted a workshop that would bring together experts from industry, government, and academia to analyze a number of possible scenarios for aeronautics 15 to 25 years hence. The results of the workshop, which are discussed in this book, focus on potential needs and opportunities for aviation and aeronautics in the future and their implications for several broad areas of technology development. These areas include new types of aircraft, improved system integration in aircraft design manufacturing and operations, passenger and crew safety and security, operating efficiency and cost effectiveness, environmental compliance and noise abatement, and access to space. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Aeronautical Technologies for the Twenty-First Century %@ 978-0-309-04732-6 %D 1992 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2035/aeronautical-technologies-for-the-twenty-first-century %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2035/aeronautical-technologies-for-the-twenty-first-century %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 314 %X Prepared at the request of NASA, Aeronautical Technologies for the Twenty-First Century presents steps to help prevent the erosion of U.S. dominance in the global aeronautics market. The book recommends the immediate expansion of research on advanced aircraft that travel at subsonic speeds and research on designs that will meet expected future demands for supersonic and short-haul aircraft, including helicopters, commuter aircraft, "tiltrotor," and other advanced vehicle designs. These recommendations are intended to address the needs of improved aircraft performance, greater capacity to handle passengers and cargo, lower cost and increased convenience of air travel, greater aircraft and air traffic management system safety, and reduced environmental impacts. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T U.S. Supersonic Commercial Aircraft: Assessing NASA's High Speed Research Program %@ 978-0-309-05878-0 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5848/us-supersonic-commercial-aircraft-assessing-nasas-high-speed-research-program %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5848/us-supersonic-commercial-aircraft-assessing-nasas-high-speed-research-program %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 162 %X The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is currently developing advanced technologies to form the foundation for the next breakthrough in civil aviation: an economically viable, environmentally acceptable supersonic transport. NASA's High Speed Research Program works in conjunction with industry to identify and address critical technological challenges to initiating commercial development of a practical supersonic transport. The key technical areas investigated are engine emissions, fuel efficiency, service life, and weight; community noise; aircraft range and payload; and weight and service life of airframe structures. Areas of particular interest include the ability of technologies under development to meet program goals related to noise, emissions, service life, weight, range, and payload. This book examines aircraft design requirements, assesses the program's planning and progress, and recommends changes that will help the program achieve its overall objectives. %0 Book %T Report of the Eclipse Expedition to Caroline Island, May 1883. %D 1884 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26798/report-of-the-eclipse-expedition-to-caroline-island-may-1883 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26798/report-of-the-eclipse-expedition-to-caroline-island-may-1883 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 146