%0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %T TRB Special Report 301: Traffic Controller Staffing in the En Route Domain: A Review of the Federal Aviation Administration's Task Load Model %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13022/trb-special-report-301-traffic-controller-staffing-in-the-en-route-domain %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13022/trb-special-report-301-traffic-controller-staffing-in-the-en-route-domain %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %P 84 %X TRB Special Report 301: Air Traffic Controller Staffing in the En Route Domain: A Review of the Federal Aviation Administration's Task Load Model examines the structure, empirical basis, and validation methods of a Federal Aviation Administration model that estimates the time controllers spend performing tasks when handling en route traffic. The model's task load output is being used to inform workforce planning. The committee that developed the report concluded that the model is superior to past models because it takes into account traffic complexity when estimating task load. However, the report recommends that more operational and experimental data on task performance be obtained to establish and validate many key model assumptions, relationships, and parameters. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Long-Term Stewardship of Safety Data from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Letter Report: October 14, 2013 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22484/long-term-stewardship-of-safety-data-from-the-second-strategic-highway-research-program-shrp-2-letter-report-october-14-2013 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22484/long-term-stewardship-of-safety-data-from-the-second-strategic-highway-research-program-shrp-2-letter-report-october-14-2013 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X On October 14, 2013, TRB’s Committee on the Long-Term Stewardship of Safety Data from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) sent its second letter report to Victor Mendez, administrator of the Federal Highway Administration; David Strickland, administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; and Bud Wright, executive director of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. The letter report provides advice about the future administration of data now being collected as part of SHRP 2’s safety research program.This letter report builds off of the Committee’s first letter report of May 3, 2013, that recommended a phased approach to the long-term administration of the driving-safety data. The first phase (Phase 1), which would be overseen by a governance board, would be a period of experimentation with the administration of the driving-safety data and its actual use for research purposes.In the October 14 report, the committee provides a set of principles intended to maximize the use of the data and to ensure that their use is appropriate (e.g., that privacy is protected) and sustained. In addition, the committee provides recommendations concerning priority issues for the governance board to consider and specific activities for obtaining key empirical information in Phase 1. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Effects of Aircraft Noise: Research Update on Select Topics %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14177/effects-of-aircraft-noise-research-update-on-select-topics %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14177/effects-of-aircraft-noise-research-update-on-select-topics %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 90 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 9: Effects of Aircraft Noise: Research Update on Select Topics includes an annotated bibliography and summary of new research on the effects of aircraft noise. The report is designed to update and complement the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration’s 1985 Aviation Noise Effects report. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Air Traffic Control Facilities: Improving Methods to Determine Staffing Requirements: Improving Methods to Determine Staffing Requirements -- Special Report 250 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11391/air-traffic-control-facilities-improving-methods-to-determine-staffing-requirements %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11391/air-traffic-control-facilities-improving-methods-to-determine-staffing-requirements %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 93 %X TRB Special Report 250 - Air Traffic Control Facilities: Improving Methods to Determine Staffing Requirements reviewes the methodologies by which Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) estimates and applies its staffing standards, examines the feasibility and cost of modifying agency staffing standards and developing alternative approaches for application to individual facilities, and recommends an improvement strategy.The appropriate level of staffing for air traffic control (ATC) has long been controversial. As a service of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), ATC is almost exclusively staffed by federal employees. Following the controller strike of 1981, which resulted in the firing of two-thirds of controllers, congressional concerns about staffing were focused primarily on the overall size and rebuilding of the workforce. During the 1990s, however, congressional concerns shifted to questions about whether staffing levels are appropriate at the agency’s highest traffic locations.FAA has long had difficulty staffing its ATC centers, terminal radar approach control facilities, and other terminal facilities in metropolitan areas such as New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles. In addition to being the most demanding locations because of the volume and types of traffic that must be handled, they are among the areas with the highest cost of living. Concerns about stressful working conditions and the amount of overtime required of workers at these locations have been raised regularly by the controllers’ union and sometimes by members of Congress.In the aftermath of the controllers’ strike, FAA developed analytical models for estimating the number of specialists required to control traffic safely. The application of these models to particular locations became a source of controversy between FAA and the controllers’ union. The committee formed to examine whether these models were sufficiently accurate for estimating staffing levels at specific locations determined that they could not be relied upon for this purpose. The models provide a useful starting point, but the staffing estimates they produce need to be adjusted on the basis of both local conditions and the norms that exist across FAA’s workplaces. The committee recommended a process that FAA could follow to make these adjustments. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Literature Review on Health and Fatigue Issues Associated with Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Hours of Work %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13839/literature-review-on-health-and-fatigue-issues-associated-with-commercial-motor-vehicle-driver-hours-of-work %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13839/literature-review-on-health-and-fatigue-issues-associated-with-commercial-motor-vehicle-driver-hours-of-work %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 195 %X TRB’s Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 9: Literature Review on Health and Fatigue Issues Associated with Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Hours of Work examines literature relevant to health and fatigue issues associated with commercial vehicle driver hours of service. This literature review was specifically requested by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) to provide information related to its Hours of Service regulations issued in January 2004. The report contains a general literature review of the health issues from 1975 to the present, and fatigue issues from January 2004 to present, associated with commercial vehicle driver hours of service. The report also contains a literature review of references that were cited in response to a related FMCSA January 2005 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. Strictly a literature review, the report does not contain any conclusions or recommendations.CTBSSP Synthesis 9 Errata Sheet -- Some citation information and abstracts were inadvertently omitted from CTBSSP Synthesis 9 as published. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Understanding How Individuals Make Travel and Location Decisions: Implications for Public Transportation %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23124/understanding-how-individuals-make-travel-and-location-decisions-implications-for-public-transportation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23124/understanding-how-individuals-make-travel-and-location-decisions-implications-for-public-transportation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 137 %X TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 123: Understanding How Individuals Make Travel and Location Decisions: Implications for Public Transportation explores a broader social context for individual decision making related to residential location and travel behavior.Appendix A: Interviews with ExpertsAppendix B: The Interview QuestionnairesAppendix C: SPSS and Excel files of Survey Results %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Graduate Research Award Program on Public-Sector Aviation Issues: 2012 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22826/graduate-research-award-program-on-public-sector-aviation-issues-2012 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22826/graduate-research-award-program-on-public-sector-aviation-issues-2012 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 18 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Research Results Digest 14: Graduate Research Award Program on Public-Sector Aviation Issues summarizes the results of the initial four years of the Graduate Research Award Program on Public-Sector Aviation Issues (ACRP Project 11-04).The program is designed to encourage applied research on airport-related aviation system issues and to foster the next generation of aviation community leaders.Under the program, up to ten awards of $10,000 each are made to full-time graduate students for successful completion of a research paper on public-sector airport-related aviation issues during the academic year. Candidates must be full-time students enrolled in a graduate degree program at an accredited institution of higher learning during the academic year.Successful papers are presented at the TRB Annual Meeting following completion of the program; exceptional papers have been published in subsequent volumes of the Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board.In January 2014 ACRP published Research Results Digest (RRD) 19, which supplements information in ACRP RRD 14. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A Transportation Research Board %E Graham, Jerry L %E Campbell, John L %E Richard, Christian M %T Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems, Collection B: Chapters 6, 22 (Tutorial 3), and 23 (Updated) %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14203/human-factors-guidelines-for-road-systems-collection-b-chapters-6-22-tutorial-3-and-23-updated %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14203/human-factors-guidelines-for-road-systems-collection-b-chapters-6-22-tutorial-3-and-23-updated %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 38 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 600B, Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems, Collection B--including Chapters 6, 22 (Tutorial 3), and 23 (Updated)--explores human factors principles and findings for consideration by highway designers and traffic engineers. The report is designed to help the nonexpert in human factors to consider more effectively the roadway user's capabilities and limitations in the design and operation of highway facilities. Chapters 1 through 5, 10, 11, 13, 22 (Tutorials 1 and 2), 23, and 26 are available online. Additional chapters, to be developed under NCHRP Project 17-41 according to the priorities established by the project panel, are expected in late 2010. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Long-Term Stewardship of Safety Data from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Letter Report: May 3, 2013 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22583/long-term-stewardship-of-safety-data-from-the-second-strategic-highway-research-program-shrp-2-letter-report-may-3-2013 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22583/long-term-stewardship-of-safety-data-from-the-second-strategic-highway-research-program-shrp-2-letter-report-may-3-2013 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X On May 3, 2013, TRB’s Committee on the Long-Term Stewardship of Safety Data from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) sent its first letter report to Victor Mendez, administrator of the Federal Highway Administration; David Strickland, administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; and Bud Wright, executive director of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.The letter report provides advice on the future administration of data now being collected as part of SHRP 2’s safety research program. The report highlights the importance of an effective and rapid transition from data collection to widespread data use by researchers, and includes recommendations related to transition planning in anticipation of the time when SHRP 2 comes to an end in 2015.The committee that produced the report recommends a phased approach to the administration of the data, rather than entering into long-term agreements at this time based on insufficient information. The report discusses ownership, governance, and operation of the data during a first phase lasting about five years. As part of phase 1 planning and implementation to gain practical experience to inform long-term decision making, the committee recommends that potential user groups be identified, that rigorous estimates of cost elements for long-term implementation be obtained, and that evaluation criteria and a process for collecting lessons learned be established in ways that are not overly burdensome. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Improving Safety-Related Rules Compliance in the Public Transportation Industry %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14593/improving-safety-related-rules-compliance-in-the-public-transportation-industry %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14593/improving-safety-related-rules-compliance-in-the-public-transportation-industry %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 116 %X TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 149: Improving Safety-Related Rules Compliance in the Public Transportation Industry identifies potential best practices for all of the elements of a comprehensive approach to safety-related rules compliance.The categories of best practices, which correspond to the elements of a safety-related rules compliance program, include screening and selecting employees, training and testing, communication, monitoring rules compliance, responding to noncompliance, and safety management.The report also outlines the features of a prototype safety reporting system for public transportation. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Sharp, Ben H. %E Connor, Thomas L. %E McLaughlin, Donald %E Clark, Charlotte %E Stansfeld, Stephen A. %E Hervey, Joy %T Assessing Aircraft Noise Conditions Affecting Student Learning, Volume 2: Appendices %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22432/assessing-aircraft-noise-conditions-affecting-student-learning-volume-2-appendices %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22432/assessing-aircraft-noise-conditions-affecting-student-learning-volume-2-appendices %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Web-Only Document 16: Assessing Aircraft Noise Conditions Affecting Student Learning, Volume 2: Appendices includes appendices A through G for ACRP Web-Only Document 16, Vol. 1, which explores conditions under which aircraft noise affects student learning and evaluates alternative noise metrics that best define those conditions. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Shopping for Safety: Providing Customer Automotive Safety Information: Providing Consumer Automotive Safety Information -- Special Report 248 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9698/shopping-for-safety-providing-customer-automotive-safety-information-providing-consumer %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9698/shopping-for-safety-providing-customer-automotive-safety-information-providing-consumer %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 160 %X TRB Special Report 248 - Shopping for Safety: Providing Customer Automotive Safety Information examines consumer needs for automotive safety information and the most cost-effective and meaningful methods of communicating this information.Since passage of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, which created the agency known today as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), establishment of motor vehicle safety standards has been a primary emphasis of federal policy. Numerous such standards have been introduced, including those mandating collapsible steering columns, nonlacerating windshields, safety belts, and air bags. Although the role played by these measures cannot be determined, the rate of motor vehicle fatalities has declined by 70 percent since 1966. Yet an annual toll in excess of 40,000 highway deaths suggests that more can be done in the area of vehicle safety. Mindful of the growing interest in motor vehicle safety features and the federal role in automotive safety, Congress requested a study of related consumer information needs in 1994. Consumers have increasingly been demanding and paying for more vehicle safety features, such as antilock braking systems and air bags. Consumer magazines, such as Consumer Reports, provide safety information about vehicles, and a prominent television program even features the crash test results of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. The strong and growing consumer interest in safety indicates that the government could influence which vehicles and vehicle features consumers seek out to provide for their own safety.Perhaps the most common question consumers ask is which car is safest. Unfortunately, there is no good answer to this question. Many vehicle, driver, and roadside features influence crash outcomes in ways that are difficult to predict. The committee that produced this report concluded that the federal government could facilitate progress toward an overall measure of vehicle safety by investing in research and by working with experts in academia and industry. Because of the complexities involved and the current lack of adequate data on many salient variables, however, achievement of such a goal would take many years. In the nearer term, NHTSA could do much to improve the quality of existing information and convey it to consumers more clearly and efficiently. For example, the agency could give consumers a better understanding of the importance of vehicle dimensions for safety outcomes, the benefits of proper use of vehicle safety features, the frequency of crash types for which tests exist, and the uncertainties associated with crash tests themselves. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Effects of Psychoactive Chemicals on Commercial Driver Health and Performance: Stimulants, Hypnotics, Nutritional, and Other Supplements %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14534/effects-of-psychoactive-chemicals-on-commercial-driver-health-and-performance-stimulants-hypnotics-nutritional-and-other-supplements %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14534/effects-of-psychoactive-chemicals-on-commercial-driver-health-and-performance-stimulants-hypnotics-nutritional-and-other-supplements %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 92 %X TRB’s Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 19: Effects of Psychoactive Chemicals on Commercial Driver Health and Performance: Stimulants, Hypnotics, Nutritional, and Other Supplements identifies available information and research gaps relating to the use of chemical substances by commercial drivers and is intended to provide up-to-date information to inform decision makers about the near-, mid-, and long-range planning needs for research and educational outreach programs.The report is designed to help the commercial transportation safety community and the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration in addressing issues involving the proliferation and availability of psychoactive chemical substances.Appendixes D and G to CTBSSP Synthesis 19 are available only in the pdf version of report. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A Transportation Research Board %E Campbell, John L %E Richard, Christian M %E Brown, James L %E Graham, Jerry L %E Lichty, Monica G %T Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems - Collection C: Chapters 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22 (Tutorials 4, 5, 6), 23 (Updated), 24, 25, 26 (Updated) %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14396/human-factors-guidelines-for-road-systems-collection-c-chapters-16-17-18-19-20-22-tutorials-4-5-6-23-updated-24-25-26-updated %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14396/human-factors-guidelines-for-road-systems-collection-c-chapters-16-17-18-19-20-22-tutorials-4-5-6-23-updated-24-25-26-updated %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 111 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 600C, Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems, Collection C--including Chapters 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22 (Tutorials 4, 5, 6), 23 (Updated), 24, 25, 26 (Updated)--explores human factors principles and findings for consideration by highway designers and traffic engineers. The report is designed to help the nonexpert in human factors to consider more effectively the roadway user's capabilities and limitations in the design and operation of highway facilities. NCHRP Report 600A (Chapters 1 through 5, 10, 11, 13, 22 [Tutorials 1 and 2], 23, and 26); and NCHRP Report 600B (Chapters 6, 22 [Tutorial 3], and 23 [Updated]) are available online. Additional chapters, to be developed under NCHRP Project 17-41 according to the priorities established by the project panel, are expected in late 2010. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Martin, Margaret E. %E Straf, Miron L. %E Citro, Constance F. %T Principles and Practices for a Federal Statistical Agency: Second Edition %@ 978-0-309-07314-1 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10057/principles-and-practices-for-a-federal-statistical-agency-second-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10057/principles-and-practices-for-a-federal-statistical-agency-second-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 72 %X Since 1992, the Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) has produced a book on principles and practices for a federal statistical agency, updating the document every 4 years to provide a current edition to newly appointed cabinet secretaries at the beginning of each presidential administration. This second edition presents and comments on three basic principles that statistical agencies must embody in order to carry out their mission fully: (1) They must produce objective data that are relevant to policy issues, (2) they must achieve and maintain credibility among data users, and (3) they must achieve and maintain trust among data providers. The book also discusses 11 important practices that are means for statistical agencies to live up to the four principles. These practices include a commitment to quality and professional practice and an active program of methodological and substantive research. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Boehm-Davis, Deborah A. %T Assessing the Research and Development Plan for the Next Generation Air Transportation System: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-12470-6 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12447/assessing-the-research-and-development-plan-for-the-next-generation-air-transportation-system %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12447/assessing-the-research-and-development-plan-for-the-next-generation-air-transportation-system %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %K Space and Aeronautics %P 38 %X The U.S. aviation industry, airline passengers, aircraft pilots, airports, and airline companies are all facing challenges. The air transportation system is experiencing unprecedented and increasing levels of use. The federal government understands the critical need to update the U.S. air transportation system, and plans to implement the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) by 2025. This system is an example of active networking technology that updates itself with real-time shared information and tailors itself to the individual needs of all U.S. aircraft, stressing adaptability by enabling aircraft to immediately adjust to ever-changing factors. On April 1-2, 2008, a workshop was held at the National Academies to gather reactions to the research and development aspects of the Joint Planning and Development Office’s baseline Integrated Work Plan (IWP), which is designed to increase the efficiency of airport and air space use in the United States. This book provides a summary of the workshop, which included presentations on the following topics: Airport operations and support; Environmental management; Air navigation operations, Air navigation support, and flight operation support; Positioning, navigation, and timing services and surveillance; Weather information services; Safety management; Net-centric infrastructure services and operations; and Layered adaptive security. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A Institute of Medicine %T Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity?: Examining the Evidence -- Special Report 282 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11203/does-the-built-environment-influence-physical-activity-examining-the-evidence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11203/does-the-built-environment-influence-physical-activity-examining-the-evidence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Health and Medicine %P 268 %X TRB Special Report 282: Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity? Examining the Evidence reviews the broad trends affecting the relationships among physical activity, health, transportation, and land use; summarizes what is known about these relationships, including the strength and magnitude of any causal connections; examines implications for policy; and recommends priorities for future research. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A Transportation Research Board %A National Research Council %T Preventing Teen Motor Crashes: Contributions from the Behavioral and Social Sciences: Workshop Report %@ 978-0-309-10401-2 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11814/preventing-teen-motor-crashes-contributions-from-the-behavioral-and-social %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11814/preventing-teen-motor-crashes-contributions-from-the-behavioral-and-social %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 76 %X From a public health perspective, motor vehicle crashes are among the most serious problems facing teenagers. Even after more than six months of being licensed to drive alone, teens are two to three times more likely to be in a fatal crash than are the more experienced drivers. Crash rates are significantly higher for male drivers, and young people in the United States are at greater risk of dying or being injured in an automobile than their peers around the world. In fact, in 2003 motor vehicle crashes was the leading cause of death for youth ages 16-20 in the United States. Understanding how and why teen motor vehicle crashes happen is key to developing countermeasures to reduce their number. Applying this understanding to the development of prevention strategies holds significant promise for improving safety but many of these efforts are thwarted by a lack of evidence as to which prevention strategies are most effective. Preventing Teen Motor Crashes presents data from a multidisciplinary group that shared information on emerging technology for studying, monitoring, and controlling driving behavior. The book provides an overview of the factual information that was presented, as well as the insights that emerged about the role researchers can play in reducing and preventing teen motor crashes. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Autonomy Research for Civil Aviation: Toward a New Era of Flight %@ 978-0-309-30614-0 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18815/autonomy-research-for-civil-aviation-toward-a-new-era-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18815/autonomy-research-for-civil-aviation-toward-a-new-era-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %K Engineering and Technology %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 90 %X The development and application of increasingly autonomous (IA) systems for civil aviation is proceeding at an accelerating pace, driven by the expectation that such systems will return significant benefits in terms of safety, reliability, efficiency, affordability, and/or previously unattainable mission capabilities. IA systems range from current automatic systems such as autopilots and remotely piloted unmanned aircraft to more highly sophisticated systems that are needed to enable a fully autonomous aircraft that does not require a pilot or human air traffic controllers. These systems, characterized by their ability to perform more complex mission-related tasks with substantially less human intervention for more extended periods of time, sometimes at remote distances, are being envisioned for aircraft and for air traffic management and other ground-based elements of the national airspace system. Civil aviation is on the threshold of potentially revolutionary improvements in aviation capabilities and operations associated with IA systems. These systems, however, face substantial barriers to integration into the national airspace system without degrading its safety or efficiency. Autonomy Research for Civil Aviation identifies key barriers and suggests major elements of a national research agenda to address those barriers and help realize the benefits that IA systems can make to crewed aircraft, unmanned aircraft systems, and ground-based elements of the national airspace system. This report develops a set of integrated and comprehensive technical goals and objectives of importance to the civil aeronautics community and the nation. Autonomy Research for Civil Aviation will be of interest to U.S. research organizations, industry, and academia who have a role in meeting these goals.