TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - An Evaluation of the System of Central Financial Control of Research in State Governments: Bulletin of the National Research Council DO - 10.17226/9571 PY - 1924 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9571/an-evaluation-of-the-system-of-central-financial-control-of-research-in-state-governments PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Charles W. Wessner TI - New Vistas in Transatlantic Science and Technology Cooperation SN - DO - 10.17226/9455 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9455/new-vistas-in-transatlantic-science-and-technology-cooperation PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Industry and Labor AB - The successful conclusion of the US-EU Agreement on Science and Technology Cooperation offers the prospect of a new chapter in transatlantic cooperation. As with any international agreement in science and technology, the accord's full potential will be realized only if it can encourage mutually beneficial cooperation. With this in mind, responsible officials of the European Union (EU) and the U.S. government contacted the National Research Council's Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) to discuss how this negotiating success might be publicized and productively exploited. It was agreed that the STEP Board should organize a conference to celebrate the accord, inform the U.S. and European research communities of the agreement, and explore specific opportunities for enhanced cooperation. At the same time, the conference would provide the occasion to review existing and evolving areas of transatlantic cooperation in science and technology from the perception of the United States, the European Commission, and the member states of the European Union. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Intentional Human Dosing Studies for EPA Regulatory Purposes: Scientific and Ethical Issues SN - DO - 10.17226/10927 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10927/intentional-human-dosing-studies-for-epa-regulatory-purposes-scientific-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - The EPA commissioned The National Academies to provide advice on the vexing question of whether and, if so, under what circumstances EPA should accept and consider intentional human dosing studies conducted by companies or other sources outside the agency (so-called third parties) to gather evidence relating to the risks of a chemical or the conditions under which exposure to it could be judged safe. This report recommends that such studies be conducted and used for regulatory purposes only if all of several strict conditions are met, including the following: The study is necessary and scientifically valid, meaning that it addresses an important regulatory question that can't be answered with animal studies or nondosing human studies; The societal benefits of the study outweigh any anticipated risks to participants. At no time, even when benefits beyond improved regulation exist, can a human dosing study be justified that is anticipated to cause lasting harm to study participants; and All recognized ethical standards and procedures for protecting the interests of study participants are observed. In addition, EPA should establish a Human Studies Review Board (HSRB) to evaluate all human dosing studies–both at the beginning and upon completion of the experiments–if they are carried out with the intent of affecting the agency's policy-making. ER -