@BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Daniel L. Cork and Michael L. Cohen and Benjamin F. King", title = "Planning the 2010 Census: Second Interim Report", isbn = "978-0-309-08968-5", abstract = "The Panel on Research on Future Census Methods has a broad charge to review the early planning process for the 2010 census. Its work includes observing the operation of the 2000 census, deriving lessons for 2010, and advising on effective evaluations and tests. This is the panel's third report; they have previously issued an interim report offering suggestions on the Census Bureau's evaluation plan for 2000 and a letter report commenting on the bureau's proposed general structure for the 2010 census.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10776/planning-the-2010-census-second-interim-report", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "John Derbyshire", title = "Prime Obsession: Bernhard Riemann and the Greatest Unsolved Problem in Mathematics", isbn = "978-0-309-51257-2", abstract = "In August 1859 Bernhard Riemann, a little-known 32-year old mathematician, presented a paper to the Berlin Academy titled: \"On the Number of Prime Numbers Less Than a Given Quantity.\" In the middle of that paper, Riemann made an incidental remark \u2014 a guess, a hypothesis. What he tossed out to the assembled mathematicians that day has proven to be almost cruelly compelling to countless scholars in the ensuing years. Today, after 150 years of careful research and exhaustive study, the question remains. Is the hypothesis true or false?\nRiemann's basic inquiry, the primary topic of his paper, concerned a straightforward but nevertheless important matter of arithmetic \u2014 defining a precise formula to track and identify the occurrence of prime numbers. But it is that incidental remark \u2014 the Riemann Hypothesis \u2014 that is the truly astonishing legacy of his 1859 paper. Because Riemann was able to see beyond the pattern of the primes to discern traces of something mysterious and mathematically elegant shrouded in the shadows \u2014 subtle variations in the distribution of those prime numbers. Brilliant for its clarity, astounding for its potential consequences, the Hypothesis took on enormous importance in mathematics. Indeed, the successful solution to this puzzle would herald a revolution in prime number theory. Proving or disproving it became the greatest challenge of the age.\nIt has become clear that the Riemann Hypothesis, whose resolution seems to hang tantalizingly just beyond our grasp, holds the key to a variety of scientific and mathematical investigations. The making and breaking of modern codes, which depend on the properties of the prime numbers, have roots in the Hypothesis. In a series of extraordinary developments during the 1970s, it emerged that even the physics of the atomic nucleus is connected in ways not yet fully understood to this strange conundrum. Hunting down the solution to the Riemann Hypothesis has become an obsession for many \u2014 the veritable \"great white whale\" of mathematical research. Yet despite determined efforts by generations of mathematicians, the Riemann Hypothesis defies resolution.\nAlternating passages of extraordinarily lucid mathematical exposition with chapters of elegantly composed biography and history, Prime Obsession is a fascinating and fluent account of an epic mathematical mystery that continues to challenge and excite the world. Posited a century and a half ago, the Riemann Hypothesis is an intellectual feast for the cognoscenti and the curious alike. Not just a story of numbers and calculations, Prime Obsession is the engrossing tale of a relentless hunt for an elusive proof \u2014 and those who have been consumed by it.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10532/prime-obsession-bernhard-riemann-and-the-greatest-unsolved-problem-in", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Willis D. Hawley and Timothy Ready", title = "Measuring Access to Learning Opportunities", isbn = "978-0-309-08897-8", abstract = "Since 1968 the Elementary and Secondary School Civil Rights Compliance Report (known as the E&S survey) has been used to gather information about possible disparities in access to learning opportunities and violations of students\u2019 civil rights. Thirty-five years after the initiation of the E&S survey, large disparities remain both in educational outcomes and in access to learning opportunities and resources. These disparities may reflect violations of students\u2019 civil rights, the failure of education policies and practices to provide students from all backgrounds with a similar educational experience, or both. They may also reflect the failure of schools to fully compensate for disparities and current differences in parents\u2019 education, income, and family structure.\n\nThe Committee on Improving Measures of Access to Equal Educational Opportunities concludes that the E&S survey continues to play an essential role in documenting these disparities and in providing information that is useful both in guiding efforts to protect students\u2019 civil rights and for informing educational policy and practice. The committee also concludes that the survey\u2019s usefulness and access to the survey data could be improved. \n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10673/measuring-access-to-learning-opportunities", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }