TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - John H. Bryant A2 - Polly F. Harrison TI - Global Health in Transition: A Synthesis: Perspectives from International Organizations SN - DO - 10.17226/5513 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5513/global-health-in-transition-a-synthesis-perspectives-from-international-organizations PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - For many reasons, this decade is a time of rethinking many things. There is the impending turn of the millenium, an event packed with meaning. There is recent political history, which has changed the global structure of power in ways few could foresee, and there is an economic fluidity worldwide that makes every day unpredictable and the future uncertain. There are movements of people and surges of violence that seem unparalleled, and well may be. We are awash in change, and people everywhere are trying to understand that and read its implications. It is a time that provokes soul-searching: backward, into the lessons and achievements of the past, and forward, into ways for the future to be better. The fields of health and social development are no exception. More specifically, events and conditions in the health sector point to the need to rethink some large issues. Nations everywhere are grappling with the economic and ethical dilemmas of achieving and maintaining healthy populations, since these are both cause and consequence of true development. Increasingly, the thinking is global, because there are comparisons to be learned from, connections that have implications, obligations to fulfill, and costs that are somehow shared. As part of this dynamic, there has been an explosion of analytic documents, published since the start of this decade, that deal mainly, though not exclusively, with health in developing countries. The purpose of Global Health in Transition is to distill the essential elements from those efforts, discuss the major ideas they share and the thoughts they prompt, ask what those might mean for a next agenda in global health, and comment on the shifting context in which our current concepts of the ideal will proveor not provetheir adequacy for the future. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Ellen M. Weissman TI - Using Performance Monitoring to Improve Community Health: Conceptual Framework and Community Experience SN - DO - 10.17226/5514 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5514/using-performance-monitoring-to-improve-community-health-conceptual-framework-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - 2020 Vision: Health in the 21st Century SN - DO - 10.17226/5202 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5202/2020-vision-health-in-the-21st-century PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Explore Science KW - Health and Medicine AB - This book contains the proceedings of the Institute of Medicine's 25th Anniversary Symposium. Its chapters comprise presentations by eminent health care professionals and policymakers concerning the challenges and opportunities that likely lie ahead for the United States—and internationally—over the next 25 years. These presentations cover such topics as world population and demography; global health; information and communications; risk, responsibility, and the evolution of health care payments; the role of institutions in health; and the health work force. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Colleges of Agriculture at the Land Grant Universities: Public Service and Public Policy SN - DO - 10.17226/5133 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5133/colleges-of-agriculture-at-the-land-grant-universities-public-service PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture KW - Education AB - Since their inception in 1862, the U.S. land grant colleges have evolved to become the training ground for the nation's and the world's agriculturists. In this book, the committee examines the future of the colleges of agriculture in light of changing national priorities for the agricultural, food, and natural resource system. The effects of federal funding constraints also are examined, as are opportunities for growth presented by developments in science. The committee's preceding volume, Colleges of Agriculture at the Land Grant Universities: A Profile, is a compilation of the data that helped formulate the specific questions to be addressed. Colleges of Agriculture at the Land Grant Univerisities: Public Service and Public Policy is the deliberative report, rating conclusions and recommendations for institutional innovation and public policy. It addresses these and other questions: What education mission should colleges of agriculture adopt—and what strategies should they use—in light of significant changes in the agricultural complex? Research in agriculture is expected to respond to consumer demands, environmental concerns, world population growth, and increasing pressure on agricultural lands. Is the century-old structure of land grant university-based research up to the task? What is the role of extension in light of today's smaller farming communities and larger farming conglomerates? This volume is the culmination of a landmark evaluation of land grant colleges of agriculture, an American institution. This document will be of value to policymakers, administrators, and others involved in agricultural science and education. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Paul C. Stern A2 - Harvey V. Fineberg TI - Understanding Risk: Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society SN - DO - 10.17226/5138 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5138/understanding-risk-informing-decisions-in-a-democratic-society PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Understanding Risk addresses a central dilemma of risk decisionmaking in a democracy: detailed scientific and technical information is essential for making decisions, but the people who make and live with those decisions are not scientists. The key task of risk characterization is to provide needed and appropriate information to decisionmakers and the public. This important new volume illustrates that making risks understandable to the public involves much more than translating scientific knowledge. The volume also draws conclusions about what society should expect from risk characterization and offers clear guidelines and principles for informing the wide variety of risk decisions that face our increasingly technological society. Frames fundamental questions about what risk characterization means. Reviews traditional definitions and explores new conceptual and practical approaches. Explores how risk characterization should inform decisionmakers and the public. Looks at risk characterization in the context of the entire decisionmaking process. Understanding Risk discusses how risk characterization has fallen short in many recent controversial decisions. Throughout the text, examples and case studies—such as planning for the long-term ecological health of the Everglades or deciding on the operation of a waste incinerator—bring key concepts to life. Understanding Risk will be important to anyone involved in risk issues: federal, state, and local policymakers and regulators; risk managers; scientists; industrialists; researchers; and concerned individuals. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Christopher P. Howson A2 - Polly F. Harrison A2 - Maureen Law TI - In Her Lifetime: Female Morbidity and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa SN - DO - 10.17226/5112 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5112/in-her-lifetime-female-morbidity-and-mortality-in-sub-saharan PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The relative lack of information on determinants of disease, disability, and death at major stages of a woman's lifespan and the excess morbidity and premature mortality that this engenders has important adverse social and economic ramifications, not only for Sub-Saharan Africa, but also for other regions of the world as well. Women bear much of the weight of world production in both traditional and modern industries. In Sub-Saharan Africa, for example, women contribute approximately 60 to 80 percent of agricultural labor. Worldwide, it is estimated that women are the sole supporters in 18 to 30 percent of all families, and that their financial contribution in the remainder of families is substantial and often crucial. This book provides a solid documentary base that can be used to develop an agenda to guide research and health policy formulation on female health—both for Sub-Saharan Africa and for other regions of the developing world. This book could also help facilitate ongoing, collaboration between African researchers on women's health and their U.S. colleagues. Chapters cover such topics as demographics, nutritional status, obstetric morbidity and mortality, mental health problems, and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council AU - National Research Council TI - Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals SN - DO - 10.17226/5409 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5409/linking-science-and-technology-to-societys-environmental-goals PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Where should the United States focus its long-term efforts to improve the nation's environment? What are the nation's most important environmental issues? What role should science and technology play in addressing these issues? Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals provides the current thinking and answers to these questions. Based on input from a range of experts and interested individuals, including representatives of industry, government, academia, environmental organizations, and Native American communities, this book urges policymakers to: Use social science and risk assessment to guide decision-making. Monitor environmental changes in a more thorough, consistent, and coordinated manner. Reduce the adverse impact of chemicals on the environment. Move away from the use of fossil fuels. Adopt an environmental approach to engineering that reduces the use of natural resources. Substantially increase our understanding of the relationship between population and consumption. This book will be of special interest to policymakers in government and industry; environmental scientists, engineers, and advocates; and faculty, students, and researchers. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Frederick J. Manning A2 - Jeremiah A. Barondess TI - Changing Health Care Systems and Rheumatic Disease SN - DO - 10.17226/5472 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5472/changing-health-care-systems-and-rheumatic-disease PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Market forces are driving a radical restructuring of health care delivery in the United States. At the same time, more and more people are living comparatively long lives with a variety of severe chronic health conditions. Many such people are concerned about the trend toward the creation of managed care systems because their need for frequent, often complex, medical services conflicts with managed care's desires to contain costs. The fear is that people with serious chronic disorders will be excluded from or underserved by the integrated health care delivery networks now emerging. Responding to a request from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, this book reflects the results of a workshop that focused on the following questions: Does the model of managed care or an integrated delivery system influence the types of interventions provided to patients with chronic conditions and the clinical and health status outcomes resulting from those interventions? If so, are these effects quantitatively and clinically significant, as compared to the effects that other variables (e.g., income, education, ethnicity) have on patient outcomes? If the type of health care delivery system appears to be related to patient care and outcomes, can specific organizational, financial, or other variables be identified that account for the relationships? If not, what type of research should be pursued to provide the information needed about the relationship between types of health care systems and the processes and outcomes of care provided to people with serious chronic conditions? ER -