@BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Richard W. Pew and Anne S. Mavor", title = "Modeling Human and Organizational Behavior: Application to Military Simulations", isbn = "978-0-309-06096-7", abstract = "Simulations are widely used in the military for training personnel, analyzing proposed equipment, and rehearsing missions, and these simulations need realistic models of human behavior. This book draws together a wide variety of theoretical and applied research in human behavior modeling that can be considered for use in those simulations. It covers behavior at the individual, unit, and command level. At the individual soldier level, the topics covered include attention, learning, memory, decisionmaking, perception, situation awareness, and planning. At the unit level, the focus is on command and control. The book provides short-, medium-, and long-term goals for research and development of more realistic models of human behavior.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6173/modeling-human-and-organizational-behavior-application-to-military-simulations", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Review of the Prince William Sound, Alaska, Risk Assessment Study", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6126/review-of-the-prince-william-sound-alaska-risk-assessment-study", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Catherine E. Snow and M. Susan Burns and Peg Griffin", title = "Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children", isbn = "978-0-309-06418-7", abstract = "While most children learn to read fairly well, there remain many young Americans whose futures are imperiled because they do not read well enough to meet the demands of our competitive, technology-driven society. This book explores the problem within the context of social, historical, cultural, and biological factors.\nRecommendations address the identification of groups of children at risk, effective instruction for the preschool and early grades, effective approaches to dialects and bilingualism, the importance of these findings for the professional development of teachers, and gaps that remain in our understanding of how children learn to read. Implications for parents, teachers, schools, communities, the media, and government at all levels are discussed.\nThe book examines the epidemiology of reading problems and introduces the concepts used by experts in the field. In a clear and readable narrative, word identification, comprehension, and other processes in normal reading development are discussed.\nAgainst the background of normal progress, Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children examines factors that put children at risk of poor reading. It explores in detail how literacy can be fostered from birth through kindergarten and the primary grades, including evaluation of philosophies, systems, and materials commonly used to teach reading.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6023/preventing-reading-difficulties-in-young-children", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Mark R. Montgomery and Barney Cohen", title = "From Death to Birth: Mortality Decline and Reproductive Change", isbn = "978-0-309-05896-4", abstract = "The last 35 years or so have witnessed a dramatic shift in the demography of many developing countries. Before 1960, there were substantial improvements in life expectancy, but fertility declines were very rare. Few people used modern contraceptives, and couples had large families. Since 1960, however, fertility rates have fallen in virtually every major geographic region of the world, for almost all political, social, and economic groups. What factors are responsible for the sharp decline in fertility? What role do child survival programs or family programs play in fertility declines? Casual observation suggests that a decline in infant and child mortality is the most important cause, but there is surprisingly little hard evidence for this conclusion. The papers in this volume explore the theoretical, methodological, and empirical dimensions of the fertility-mortality relationship. It includes several detailed case studies based on contemporary data from developing countries and on historical data from Europe and the United States.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5842/from-death-to-birth-mortality-decline-and-reproductive-change", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Sciences", title = "Biographical Memoirs: Volume 73", isbn = "978-0-309-06031-8", abstract = "Biographic Memoirs: Volume 73 contains the biographies of deceased members of the National Academy of Sciences and bibliographies of their published works. Each biographical essay was written by a member of the Academy familiar with the professional career of the deceased. For historical and bibliographical purposes, these volumes are worth returning to time and again.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9650/biographical-memoirs-volume-73", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "(NAS Colloquium) Neuroimaging of Human Brain Function", isbn = "978-0-309-06027-1", abstract = "The colloquium on \"Imaging of Cognitive Function\" speaks to the many audiences whose interests relate to efforts to map cognitive processes in the human brain. There are things of great interest in this collection of papers for specialists in cognition and neuroscience and imaging science as well as in disciplines interested in human development through education and training and others with intrinsic interest in the latest information on how the human brain supports thought. The papers were presented at a meeting sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences in its western home the Beckman Center at the University of California, Irvine.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6236/nas-colloquium-neuroimaging-of-human-brain-function", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Visionary Manufacturing Challenges for 2020", isbn = "978-0-309-06182-7", abstract = "Manufacturing will unquestionably be a very different enterprise in 2020 from what it is today. This book presents an exciting picture of the profitable and productive potential of manufacturing two decades hence.\nThis book takes an international view of future manufacturing that considers the leaps and bounds of technological innovation and the blurring of the lines between the manufacturing and service industries. The authors identify ten strategic technology areas as the most important for research and development and they recommend ways to address crosscutting questions. Representing a variety of industries, the authors identify six \"grand challenges\" that must be overcome for their vision to be realized, including the human\/technology interface, environmental concerns, and miniaturization.\nA host of issues are discussed that will push and pull at manufacturing over the next 20 years: the changing workforce, the changing consumer, the rise of bio- and nanotechnology, the prospects for waste-free processing, simulation and modeling as design tools, shifts in global competition, and much more.\nThe information and analyses in this book will be vitally important to everyone concerned about the future of manufacturing: policymakers, executives, design and engineering professionals, researchers, faculty, and students.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6314/visionary-manufacturing-challenges-for-2020", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Assessing Readiness in Military Women: The Relationship of Body, Composition, Nutrition, and Health", isbn = "978-0-309-06075-2", abstract = "U.S. military personnel are required to adhere to standards of body composition, fitness, and appearance to achieve and maintain readiness\u2014that is, the maintenance of optimum health and performance so they are ready for deployment at any moment. In 1992, the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviewed the existing standards and found, among other things, that the standards for body composition required for women to achieve an appearance goal seemed to conflict with those necessary to ensure the ability to perform many types of military tasks. This report addresses that conflict, and reviews and makes recommendations about current policies governing body composition and fitness, as well as postpartum return-to-duty standards, Military Recommended Dietary Allowances, and physical activity and nutritional practices of military women to determine their individual and collective impact on the health, fitness, and readiness of active-duty women.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6104/assessing-readiness-in-military-women-the-relationship-of-body-composition", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the United States: 1995 Profile", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21259/doctoral-scientists-and-engineers-in-the-united-states-1995-profile", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Joan M. Nelson and Charles Tilly and Lee Walker", title = "Transforming Post-Communist Political Economies", isbn = "978-0-309-05929-9", abstract = "This ground-breaking new volume focuses on the interaction between political, social, and economic change in Central and Eastern Europe and the New Independent States. It includes a wide selection of analytic papers, thought-provoking essays by leading scholars in diverse fields, and an agenda for future research. It integrates work on the micro and macro levels of the economy and provides a broad overview of the transition process.\nThis volume broadens the current intellectual and policy debate concerning the historic transition now taking place from a narrow concern with purely economic factors to the dynamics of political and social change. It questions the assumption that the post-communist economies are all following the same path and that they will inevitably develop into replicas of economies in the advanced industrial West. It challenges accepted thinking and promotes the utilization of new methods and perspectives.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5852/transforming-post-communist-political-economies", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the United States: 1995 Profile", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9524/doctoral-scientists-and-engineers-in-the-united-states-1995-profile", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Fostering Research on the Economic and Social Impacts of Information Technology", isbn = "978-0-309-06032-5", abstract = "The tremendous growth in use of information technology (IT) has led to an increased interest in understanding its social and economic impacts. This book presents examples of crosscutting research that has been conducted to understand the impact of information technology on personal, community, and business activities. It explores ways in which the use of methodology from economics and social sciences contributes to important advances in understanding these impacts.\nThe book discusses significant research issues and concerns and suggests approaches for fostering increased interdisciplinary research on the impacts of information technology and making the results of this research more accessible to the public and policymakers. This volume is expected to influence funding priorities and levels of support for interdisciplinary research of this kind.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6269/fostering-research-on-the-economic-and-social-impacts-of-information-technology", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }