@BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board", title = "Managing Speed: Review of Current Practices for Setting and Enforcing Speed Limits -- Special Report 254", abstract = "TRB Special Report 254 - Managing Speed: Review of Current Practices for Setting and Enforcing Speed Limits reviews practices for setting and enforcing speed limits on all types of roads and provides guidance to state and local governments on appropriate methods of setting speed limits and related enforcement strategies. Following an executive summary, the report is presented in six chapters and five appendices.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11387/managing-speed-review-of-current-practices-for-setting-and-enforcing", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Protecting Youth at Work: Health, Safety, and Development of Working Children and Adolescents in the United States", isbn = "978-0-309-06413-2", abstract = "In Massachusetts, a 12-year-old girl delivering newspapers is killed when a car strikes her bicycle. In Los Angeles, a 14-year-old boy repeatedly falls asleep in class, exhausted from his evening job. Although children and adolescents may benefit from working, there may also be negative social effects and sometimes danger in their jobs.\nProtecting Youth at Work looks at what is known about work done by children and adolescents and the effects of that work on their physical and emotional health and social functioning. The committee recommends specific initiatives for legislators, regulators, researchers, and employers.\nThis book provides historical perspective on working children and adolescents in America and explores the framework of child labor laws that govern that work. The committee presents a wide range of data and analysis on the scope of youth employment, factors that put children and adolescents at risk in the workplace, and the positive and negative effects of employment, including data on educational attainment and lifestyle choices.\nProtecting Youth at Work also includes discussions of special issues for minority and disadvantaged youth, young workers in agriculture, and children who work in family-owned businesses.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6019/protecting-youth-at-work-health-safety-and-development-of-working", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors", isbn = "978-0-309-06126-1", abstract = "In response to the rising concern of the American public over illegal bombings, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms asked the National Research Council to examine possible mechanisms for reducing this threat. The committee examined four approaches to reducing the bombing threat: addition of detection markers to explosives for pre-blast detection, addition of identification taggants to explosives for post-blast identification of bombers, possible means to render common explosive materials inert, and placing controls on explosives and their precursors. The book makes several recommendations to reduce the number of criminal bombings in this country.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5966/containing-the-threat-from-illegal-bombings-an-integrated-national-strategy", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Improving the Continued Airworthiness of Civil Aircraft: A Strategy for the FAA's Aircraft Certification Service", isbn = "978-0-309-06185-8", abstract = "As part of the national effort to improve aviation safety, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) chartered the National Research Council to examine and recommend improvements in the aircraft certification process currently used by the FAA, manufacturers, and operators.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6265/improving-the-continued-airworthiness-of-civil-aircraft-a-strategy-for", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Ensuring Safe Food: From Production to Consumption", isbn = "978-0-309-06559-7", abstract = "How safe is our food supply? Each year the media report what appears to be growing concern related to illness caused by the food consumed by Americans. These food borne illnesses are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, pesticide residues, and food additives. Recent actions taken at the federal, state, and local levels in response to the increase in reported incidences of food borne illnesses point to the need to evaluate the food safety system in the United States. This book assesses the effectiveness of the current food safety system and provides recommendations on changes needed to ensure an effective science-based food safety system. Ensuring Safe Food discusses such important issues as:\nWhat are the primary hazards associated with the food supply? What gaps exist in the current system for ensuring a safe food supply? What effects do trends in food consumption have on food safety? What is the impact of food preparation and handling practices in the home, in food services, or in production operations on the risk of food borne illnesses? What organizational changes in responsibility or oversight could be made to increase the effectiveness of the food safety system in the United States?\nCurrent concerns associated with microbiological, chemical, and physical hazards in the food supply are discussed. The book also considers how changes in technology and food processing might introduce new risks. Recommendations are made on steps for developing a coordinated, unified system for food safety. The book also highlights areas that need additional study. Ensuring Safe Food will be important for policymakers, food trade professionals, food producers, food processors, food researchers, public health professionals, and consumers.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6163/ensuring-safe-food-from-production-to-consumption", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical or Biological Terrorist Incidents: Interim Report on Current Capabilities", abstract = "This report addresses the U.S. civil preparedness for chemical or biological terrorist incidents. In particular, the report provides interim findings regarding (1) collection and assessment of existing research, development, and technology information on detecting chemical and biological agents as well as methods for protecting and treating both the targets of attack and the responding health care providers, and (2) provision of specific recommendations for priority research and development.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9519/improving-civilian-medical-response-to-chemical-or-biological-terrorist-incidents", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "Rosemary Chalk and Patricia A. King", title = "Violence in Families: Assessing Prevention and Treatment Programs", isbn = "978-0-309-05496-6", abstract = "Reports of mistreated children, domestic violence, and abuse of elderly persons continue to strain the capacity of police, courts, social services agencies, and medical centers. At the same time, myriad treatment and prevention programs are providing services to victims and offenders. Although limited research knowledge exists regarding the effectiveness of these programs, such information is often scattered, inaccessible, and difficult to obtain.\nViolence in Families takes the first hard look at the successes and failures of family violence interventions. It offers recommendations to guide services, programs, policy, and research on victim support and assistance, treatments and penalties for offenders, and law enforcement. Included is an analysis of more than 100 evaluation studies on the outcomes of different kinds of programs and services.\nViolence in Families provides the most comprehensive review on the topic to date. It explores the scope and complexity of family violence, including identification of the multiple types of victims and offenders, who require different approaches to intervention. The book outlines new strategies that offer promising approaches for service providers and researchers and for improving the evaluation of prevention and treatment services. Violence in Families discusses issues that underlie all types of family violence, such as the tension between family support and the protection of children, risk factors that contribute to violent behavior in families, and the balance between family privacy and community interventions.\nThe core of the book is a research-based review of interventions used in three institutional sectors\u2014social services, health, and law enforcement settings\u2014and how to measure their effectiveness in combating maltreatment of children, domestic violence, and abuse of the elderly. Among the questions explored by the committee: Does the child protective services system work? Does the threat of arrest deter batterers? The volume discusses the strength of the evidence and highlights emerging links among interventions in different institutional settings.\nThorough, readable, and well organized, Violence in Families synthesizes what is known and outlines what needs to be discovered. This volume will be of great interest to policymakers, social services providers, health care professionals, police and court officials, victim advocates, researchers, and concerned individuals.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5285/violence-in-families-assessing-prevention-and-treatment-programs", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Christopher P. Howson and K. Srinath Reddy and Thomas J. Ryan and Judith R. Bale", title = "Control of Cardiovascular Diseases in Developing Countries: Research, Development, and Institutional Strengthening", isbn = "978-0-309-06137-7", abstract = "Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasing in epidemic proportions in developing countries. CVD already accounts for almost 10 percent of the developing world's burden of disease and is likely to become the developing world's leading cause of death. There is reason for hope, however, given that huge potential exists for applying R&D to control this emerging epidemic\u2014both in creating powerful new interventions such as vaccines and dietary supplements and in guiding behavior. In addition, a considerable body of evidence suggests that current risk-factor prevention programs and low-cost case management of CVD offer feasible, cost-effective ways to reduce CVD mortality and disability in developing country populations. Large-scale CVD control efforts are lacking, however, and thus governments and individuals are left to make choices about health and health care services without the benefit of appropriate knowledge. This report was designed to promote a policy dialogue on CVD based on informed knowledge of R&D opportunities that offer effective, affordable, and widely applicable responses in developing countries. The report examines (a) the emerging burden of CVD in developing countries, (b) the future worldwide burden of CVD, (c) current prevention and treatment of CVD in developing countries, (d) R&D to support CVD control, (e) opportunities and priorities for R&D, and the need for institutional arrangements for collaboration in facing the epidemic.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6218/control-of-cardiovascular-diseases-in-developing-countries-research-development-and", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board", title = "Developing Measures of Effectiveness for Truck Weight Enforcement Activities: Final Report", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6354/developing-measures-of-effectiveness-for-truck-weight-enforcement-activities-final", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "National Automated Highway System Research Program: A Review: A Review -- Special Report 253", abstract = "TRB Special Report 253 - National Automated Highway System Research Program: A Review assesses the appropriateness of the original vision and mission of the National Automated Highway System Research Program, the National Automated Highway System Consortium's (NAHSC's) results and the effectiveness of the approach taken by NAHSC in carrying out its charge, and the role of the consortium in future research on intelligent vehicles.Perhaps the most ambitious ITS concept advanced in ISTEA was the proposed development of automated highways. Automated highways were envisioned as increasing throughput dramatically while simultaneously reducing crashes. In ISTEA, Congress challenged USDOT to create, test, and select a prototype automated highway system within 7 years. To this end, a public\u2013private consortium was formed to develop and test automation concepts. Those concepts were demonstrated in San Diego, California, in 1997.Although the demonstration showcased some exciting technologies, the committee that reviewed the national automated highway research program found that daunting technical, social, and institutional issues would have to be addressed before such a system could become a reality in any metropolitan area. For example, although the demonstrated technologies would enable remarkably high throughput on high-volume urban Interstates feeding into the heart of a congested urban area, they could not resolve the complex problem of allocating these increased traffic volumes safely and efficiently into the traffic streams of already congested local streets. Even so, the committee urged USDOT to continue to explore the potential for using automation in specific circumstances, as well as the possibilities for developing vehicle-based safety-enhancing technologies for cars, trucks, and transit vehicles.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11388/national-automated-highway-system-research-program-a-review-a-review", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Assessment of Exposure-Response Functions for Rocket-Emission Toxicants", isbn = "978-0-309-06144-5", abstract = "The U.S. Air Force is developing a model to assist commanders in determining when it is safe to launch rocket vehicles. The model estimates the possible number and types of adverse health effects for people who might be exposed to the ground cloud created by rocket exhaust during a normal launch or during an aborted launch that results in a rocket being destroyed near the ground.\nAssessment of Exposure-Response Functions for Rocket-Emmission Toxicants evaluates the model and the data used for three rocket emission toxicants: hydrogen chloride, nitrogen dioxide, and nitric acid.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6205/assessment-of-exposure-response-functions-for-rocket-emission-toxicants", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiations: Time for Reassessment?", isbn = "978-0-309-06176-6", abstract = "The US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Radiation and Indoor Air asked the National Research Council to evaluate whether sufficient new data exist to warrant a reassessment of health risks reported in Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiations (BEIR V) in 1990. To respond to this request, the National Research Council assembled the Committee on Health Risks of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiations. The work of the committee was conducted in what was called the BEIR VII phase-1 study. To assist the committee during its deliberations, various scientists were consulted for advice, and a workshop on the impact of biology on risk assessment was held in collaboration with the Department of Energy Office of Health and Environmental Research. The intent of the workshop was to address the implications of new understanding of the biologic basis of radiation injury and carcinogenesis for risk assessment.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6230/health-effects-of-exposure-to-low-levels-of-ionizing-radiations", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Norman F. Cheville and Dale R. McCullough and Lee R. Paulson", title = "Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area", isbn = "978-0-309-05989-3", abstract = "Brucellosis, a bacterial disease, was first noted in the Greater Yellowstone Area in 1917 and has been a chronic presence there since then. This book reviews existing scientific knowledge regarding brucellosis transmission among wildlife, particularly bison, elk, and cattle, in the Greater Yellowstone Area. It examines the mechanisms of transmission, risk of infection, and vaccination strategies. The book also assesses the actual infection rate among bison and elk and describes what is known about the prevalence of Brucella abortus among other wildlife.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5957/brucellosis-in-the-greater-yellowstone-area", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Engineering and National Academy of Engineering", title = "Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading Edge Engineering from the 1997 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering", isbn = "978-0-309-05983-1", abstract = "Space may have been called the final frontier, but there are new frontiers to discover every day, and engineers are the ones exploring them. Through groundbreaking research and new technologies, engineers are able to go beyond traditional boundaries to do things that would have been all but impossible just a few years ago. This book, the most recent in a series of publications, describes new and emerging technologies and explains how they were developed and the benefits they will bring. It also offers highlights of the pioneering research and technological work being done by some of the country's emerging leaders in engineering. Topics include biomechanics, sensors and control for manufacturing processes, safety and security issues, decisionmaking tools for design and manufacturing, and intelligent transportation systems.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6041/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "The Atmospheric Sciences: Entering the Twenty-First Century", isbn = "978-0-309-06415-6", abstract = "Technology has propelled the atmospheric sciences from a fledgling discipline to a global enterprise. Findings in this field shape a broad spectrum of decisions\u2014what to wear outdoors, whether aircraft should fly, how to deal with the issue of climate change, and more.\nThis book presents a comprehensive assessment of the atmospheric sciences and offers a vision for the future and a range of recommendations for federal authorities, the scientific community, and education administrators.\nHow does atmospheric science contribute to national well-being? In the context of this question, the panel identifies imperatives in scientific observation, recommends directions for modeling and forecasting research, and examines management issues, including the growing problem of weather data availability.\nFive subdisciplines\u2014physics, chemistry, dynamics and weather forecasting, upper atmosphere and near-earth space physics, climate and climate change\u2014and their status as the science enters the twenty-first century are examined in detail, including recommendations for research. This readable book will be of interest to public-sector policy framers and private-sector decisionmakers as well as researchers, educators, and students in the atmospheric sciences.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6021/the-atmospheric-sciences-entering-the-twenty-first-century", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Mark R. Montgomery and Barney Cohen", title = "From Death to Birth: Mortality Decline and Reproductive Change", isbn = "978-0-309-05896-4", abstract = "The last 35 years or so have witnessed a dramatic shift in the demography of many developing countries. Before 1960, there were substantial improvements in life expectancy, but fertility declines were very rare. Few people used modern contraceptives, and couples had large families. Since 1960, however, fertility rates have fallen in virtually every major geographic region of the world, for almost all political, social, and economic groups. What factors are responsible for the sharp decline in fertility? What role do child survival programs or family programs play in fertility declines? Casual observation suggests that a decline in infant and child mortality is the most important cause, but there is surprisingly little hard evidence for this conclusion. The papers in this volume explore the theoretical, methodological, and empirical dimensions of the fertility-mortality relationship. It includes several detailed case studies based on contemporary data from developing countries and on historical data from Europe and the United States.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5842/from-death-to-birth-mortality-decline-and-reproductive-change", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "Sharon Bertsch McGrayne", title = "Nobel Prize Women in Science: Their Lives, Struggles, and Momentous Discoveries: Second Edition", isbn = "978-0-309-07270-0", abstract = "Since 1901 there have been over three hundred recipients of the Nobel Prize in the sciences. Only ten of them\u2014about 3 percent\u2014have been women. Why? In this updated version of Nobel Prize Women in Science, Sharon Bertsch McGrayne explores the reasons for this astonishing disparity by examining the lives and achievements of fifteen women scientists who either won a Nobel Prize or played a crucial role in a Nobel Prize - winning project. The book reveals the relentless discrimination these women faced both as students and as researchers. Their success was due to the fact that they were passionately in love with science.\nThe book begins with Marie Curie, the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in physics. Readers are then introduced to Christiane Nusslein-Volhard, Emmy Noether, Lise Meitner, Barbara McClintock, Chien-Shiung Wu, and Rosalind Franklin. These and other remarkable women portrayed here struggled against gender discrimination, raised families, and became political and religious leaders. They were mountain climbers, musicians, seamstresses, and gourmet cooks. Above all, they were strong, joyful women in love with discovery.\nNobel Prize Women in Science is a startling and revealing look into the history of science and the critical and inspiring role that women have played in the drama of scientific progress.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10016/nobel-prize-women-in-science-their-lives-struggles-and-momentous", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates", isbn = "978-0-309-10359-6", abstract = "A 1985 amendment to the Animal Welfare Act requires those who keep nonhuman primates to develop and follow appropriate plans for promoting the animals' psychological well-being. The amendment, however, provides few specifics.\nThe Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates recommends practical approaches to meeting those requirements. It focuses on what is known about the psychological needs of primates and makes suggestions for assessing and promoting their well-being.\nThis volume examines the elements of an effective care program\u2014social companionship, opportunities for species-typical activity, housing and sanitation, and daily care routines\u2014and provides a helpful checklist for designing a plan for promoting psychological well-being.\nThe book provides a wealth of specific and useful information about the psychological attributes and needs of the most widely used and exhibited nonhuman primates. Readable and well-organized, it will be welcomed by animal care and use committees, facilities administrators, enforcement inspectors, animal advocates, researchers, veterinarians, and caretakers.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4909/the-psychological-well-being-of-nonhuman-primates", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Fourth Report", isbn = "978-0-309-06087-5", abstract = "This book examines the state of development and research progress of technologies being considered for a new generation of vehicles that could achieve up to three times the fuel economy of comparable 1994 family sedans. It addresses advanced automotive technologies including engines, fuel cells, batteries, flywheels, power electronics, and lightweight materials being developed by the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles\u2014a cooperative research and development program between the U.S. government and the U.S. Council for Automotive Research. The book assesses the relevance of the ongoing research to PNGV's goals and schedule, the program's adequacy and balance, and addresses several issues such as the benefits of hybrid versus nonhybrid vehicles and the importance of the sports utility vehicle market.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6127/review-of-the-research-program-of-the-partnership-for-a-new-generation-of-vehicles", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Measuring the Health of Persian Gulf Veterans: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-06245-9", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6260/measuring-the-health-of-persian-gulf-veterans-workshop-summary", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }