@BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Lance F. Bosart and William A. Sprigg", title = "The Meteorological Buoy and Coastal Marine Automated Network for the United States", isbn = "978-0-309-06088-2", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6108/the-meteorological-buoy-and-coastal-marine-automated-network-for-the-united-states", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board", title = "Maintenance Issues and Alternate Corrosion Protection Methods for Exposed Bridge Steel - Appendix C: Survey Responses", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6349/maintenance-issues-and-alternate-corrosion-protection-methods-for-exposed-bridge-steel-appendix-c", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical or Biological Terrorist Incidents: Interim Report on Current Capabilities", abstract = "This report addresses the U.S. civil preparedness for chemical or biological terrorist incidents. In particular, the report provides interim findings regarding (1) collection and assessment of existing research, development, and technology information on detecting chemical and biological agents as well as methods for protecting and treating both the targets of attack and the responding health care providers, and (2) provision of specific recommendations for priority research and development.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9519/improving-civilian-medical-response-to-chemical-or-biological-terrorist-incidents", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering", title = "The Myrna Mack Case: An Update", isbn = "978-0-309-06077-6", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6100/the-myrna-mack-case-an-update", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Measurement and Standards Laboratories, Fiscal Year 1998", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9515/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-measurement-and-standards-laboratories-fiscal-year-1998", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Black and Smokeless Powders: Technologies for Finding Bombs and the Bomb Makers", isbn = "978-0-309-06246-6", abstract = "Some 600 pipe bomb explosions have occurred annually in the United States during the past several years. How can technology help protect the public from these homemade devices?\nThis book, a response to a Congressional mandate, focuses on ways to improve public safety by preventing bombings involving smokeless or black powders and apprehending the makers of the explosive devices. It examines technologies used for detection of explosive devices before they explode\u2014including the possible addition of marking agents to the powders\u2014and technologies used in criminal investigations for identification of these powders\u2014including the possible addition of taggants to the powders\u2014in the context of current technical capabilities.\nThe book offers general conclusions and recommendations about the detection of devices containing smokeless and black powders and the feasibility of identifying makers of the devices from recovered powder or residue. It also makes specific recommendations about marking and tagging technologies. This volume follows the work reported in Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings (NRC 1998), which studied similar issues for bombings that utilize high explosives.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6289/black-and-smokeless-powders-technologies-for-finding-bombs-and-the", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Improving the Continued Airworthiness of Civil Aircraft: A Strategy for the FAA's Aircraft Certification Service", isbn = "978-0-309-06185-8", abstract = "As part of the national effort to improve aviation safety, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) chartered the National Research Council to examine and recommend improvements in the aircraft certification process currently used by the FAA, manufacturers, and operators.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6265/improving-the-continued-airworthiness-of-civil-aircraft-a-strategy-for", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "James P. Smith and Barry Edmonston", title = "The Immigration Debate: Studies on the Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration", isbn = "978-0-309-05998-5", abstract = "The New Americans (NRC 1997) presents an analysis of the economic gains and losses from immigration\u2014for the nation, states, and local areas\u2014providing a scientific foundation for public discussion and policymaking. This companion book of systematic research presents nine original and synthesis papers with detailed data and analysis that support and extend the work in the first book and point the way for future work. The Immigration Debate includes case studies of the fiscal effects of immigration in New Jersey and California, studies of the impact of immigration on population redistribution and on crime in the United States, and much more.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5985/the-immigration-debate-studies-on-the-economic-demographic-and-fiscal", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors", isbn = "978-0-309-06126-1", abstract = "In response to the rising concern of the American public over illegal bombings, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms asked the National Research Council to examine possible mechanisms for reducing this threat. The committee examined four approaches to reducing the bombing threat: addition of detection markers to explosives for pre-blast detection, addition of identification taggants to explosives for post-blast identification of bombers, possible means to render common explosive materials inert, and placing controls on explosives and their precursors. The book makes several recommendations to reduce the number of criminal bombings in this country.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5966/containing-the-threat-from-illegal-bombings-an-integrated-national-strategy", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "Raymond J. Burby", title = "Cooperating with Nature: Confronting Natural Hazards with Land-Use Planning for Sustainable Communities", isbn = "978-0-309-06362-3", abstract = "This volume focuses on the breakdown in sustainability\u2014the capacity of the planet to provide quality of life now and in the future\u2014that is signaled by disaster. The authors bring to light why land use and sustainability have been ignored in devising public policies to deal with natural hazards. They lay out a vision of sustainability, concrete suggestions for policy reform, and procedures for planning. The book chronicles the long evolution of land-use planning and identifies key components of sustainable planning for hazards. Stressing the importance of balance in land use, the authors offer principles and specific reforms for achieving their visions of sustainability.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5785/cooperating-with-nature-confronting-natural-hazards-with-land-use-planning", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Ensuring Safe Food: From Production to Consumption", isbn = "978-0-309-06559-7", abstract = "How safe is our food supply? Each year the media report what appears to be growing concern related to illness caused by the food consumed by Americans. These food borne illnesses are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, pesticide residues, and food additives. Recent actions taken at the federal, state, and local levels in response to the increase in reported incidences of food borne illnesses point to the need to evaluate the food safety system in the United States. This book assesses the effectiveness of the current food safety system and provides recommendations on changes needed to ensure an effective science-based food safety system. Ensuring Safe Food discusses such important issues as:\nWhat are the primary hazards associated with the food supply? What gaps exist in the current system for ensuring a safe food supply? What effects do trends in food consumption have on food safety? What is the impact of food preparation and handling practices in the home, in food services, or in production operations on the risk of food borne illnesses? What organizational changes in responsibility or oversight could be made to increase the effectiveness of the food safety system in the United States?\nCurrent concerns associated with microbiological, chemical, and physical hazards in the food supply are discussed. The book also considers how changes in technology and food processing might introduce new risks. Recommendations are made on steps for developing a coordinated, unified system for food safety. The book also highlights areas that need additional study. Ensuring Safe Food will be important for policymakers, food trade professionals, food producers, food processors, food researchers, public health professionals, and consumers.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6163/ensuring-safe-food-from-production-to-consumption", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Sara Lamb and Merwyn R. Greenlick and Dennis McCarty", title = "Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment", isbn = "978-0-309-06565-8", abstract = "Today, most substance abuse treatment is administered by community-based organizations. If providers could readily incorporate the most recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of addiction and treatment, the treatment would be much more effective and efficient. The gap between research findings and everyday treatment practice represents an enormous missed opportunity at this exciting time in this field.\nInformed by real-life experiences in addiction treatment including workshops and site visits, Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research examines why research remains remote from treatment and makes specific recommendations to community providers, federal and state agencies, and other decision-makers. The book outlines concrete strategies for building and disseminating knowledge about addiction; for linking research, policy development, and everyday treatment implementation; and for helping drug treatment consumers become more informed advocates.\nIn candid language, the committee discusses the policy barriers and the human attitudes\u2014the stigma, suspicion, and skepticism\u2014that often hinder progress in addiction treatment. The book identifies the obstacles to effective collaboration among the research, treatment, and policy sectors; evaluates models to address these barriers; and looks in detail at the issue from the perspective of the community-based provider and the researcher.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6169/bridging-the-gap-between-practice-and-research-forging-partnerships-with", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board", title = "Policy Options for Intermodal Freight Transportation: Special Report 252", abstract = "TRB Special Report 252 - Policy Options for Intermodal Freight Transportation recognizes that freight transportation is of critical importance to the United States and that intermodal freight transportation is one of the major technological and organizational trends affecting the performance of the sector.\nDuring the last two decades, the importance of freight efficiency to the nation's economy has become more apparent to federal policy makers and has emerged as an increasingly important element of laws and regulations related to surface transportation. In the Intermodal Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), Congress stated: \"It is the Policy of the United States to develop a National Intermodal Transportation System that is economically efficient and environmentally sound, provides the foundation for the Nation to compete in the global economy, and will move people and goods in an energy efficient manner.\" \nThe term \"intermodal\" is usually interpreted as referring to places where the various modes connect for the purpose of transferring passengers or freight or to operations designed to move on more than one mode. ISTEA introduced provisions, carried over and extended in the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, that allowed taxes collected for the highway trust fund to be used for intermodal investments designed to facilitate more efficient connections between the modes. Highways and trucking are central to intermodalism because virtually all freight moves by truck at some point in its trip.\nIntermodal transfer points include any terminals where freight is transferred from one mode to another. Intermodal connections are critically important to freight movement. Massive seagoing vessels deliver containerized cargo to ports, where the containers are either trucked to rail yards for placement on trains or offloaded directly onto rail cars at the port terminal. Containerization has introduced extraordinary efficiencies into freight movement, but the connection points remain sources of friction and lost efficiency.\nThe TRB committee that examined policy options for intermodal freight transportation concluded that public investment in freight facilities is complex. These types of facilities (rail yards, port terminals, and truck terminals) have usually been financed exclusively by the private sector. The committee concluded that introducing public funds into this mix could undermine the \"user pays\" principle that has been fundamental to highway finance, fuel interstate rivalries, and come to be demanded by private-sector firms as a substitute for formerly private investment.\nAppropriate federal and state roles in such projects are not yet well established in practice; hence there are uncertainties about how to proceed and a risk of wasted resources. Before federal and state funds are invested in such facilities, the investments should be clearly justified. Such justification might include, for example, that the investment would reduce negative externalities and increase positive externalities, or that it is necessary for national defense. In defining an appropriate public role, government agencies should apply standard analysis tools to estimate costs and benefits and winners and losers. The public role in financing major facilities should also receive close scrutiny to ensure that public benefits justify the expenditure of public funds and that users pay to the extent that they benefit. The location of benefits also matters: when benefits are primarily local rather than national, local or state governments are the appropriate sources of funding.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11414/policy-options-for-intermodal-freight-transportation-special-report-252", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Assessing the Need for Independent Project Reviews in the Department of Energy", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9490/assessing-the-need-for-independent-project-reviews-in-the-department-of-energy", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Using Supercritical Water Oxidation to Treat Hydrolysate from VX Neutralization", isbn = "978-0-309-06043-1", abstract = "The U.S. Army has asked the National Research Council (NRC) to evaluate whether supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is an effective and appropriate means of eliminating hazardous or toxic organic constituents in VX hydrolysate for ultimate disposition. The NRC was not asked to conduct an in-depth analysis of the entire integrated VX bulk agent destruction and disposal process for the Newport Chemical Agent Disposal Facility. As the facility design is being finalized (March 1999-April 2000), the NRC will probably be asked to assess all aspects of the facility design, including monitoring, containment, process control, and redundancy, as well as the quantitative risk assessment (QRA). This report outlines the elements of the proposed neutralization\/SCWO technology, evaluates the results of ongoing SCWO tests, and makes recommendations concerning aspects of the technology that require further development. The scope of this evaluation did not include evaluations of other potential technologies or management options for the treatment of VX hydrolysate.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6150/using-supercritical-water-oxidation-to-treat-hydrolysate-from-vx-neutralization", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board", title = "Managing Speed: Review of Current Practices for Setting and Enforcing Speed Limits -- Special Report 254", abstract = "TRB Special Report 254 - Managing Speed: Review of Current Practices for Setting and Enforcing Speed Limits reviews practices for setting and enforcing speed limits on all types of roads and provides guidance to state and local governments on appropriate methods of setting speed limits and related enforcement strategies. Following an executive summary, the report is presented in six chapters and five appendices.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11387/managing-speed-review-of-current-practices-for-setting-and-enforcing", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "A Review of Decontamination and Decommissioning Technology Development Programs at the Department of Energy", isbn = "978-0-309-06281-7", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6290/a-review-of-decontamination-and-decommissioning-technology-development-programs-at-the-department-of-energy", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Systems Analysis and Systems Engineering in Environmental Remediation Programs at the Department of Energy Hanford Site", isbn = "978-0-309-06181-0", abstract = "The primary purpose of systems engineering is to organize information and knowledge to assist those who manage, direct, and control the planning, development, production, and operation of the systems necessary to accomplish a given mission. However, this purpose can be compromised or defeated if information production and organization becomes an end unto itself. Systems engineering was developed to help resolve the engineering problems that are encountered when attempting to develop and implement large and complex engineering projects. It depends upon integrated program planning and development, disciplined and consistent allocation and control of design and development requirements and functions, and systems analysis.\nThe key thesis of this report is that proper application of systems analysis and systems engineering will improve the management of tank wastes at the Hanford Site significantly, thereby leading to reduced life cycle costs for remediation and more effective risk reduction. The committee recognizes that evidence for cost savings from application of systems engineering has not been demonstrated yet.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6224/systems-analysis-and-systems-engineering-in-environmental-remediation-programs-at-the-department-of-energy-hanford-site", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "Howard Kunreuther and Richard J. Roth, Sr.", title = "Paying the Price: The Status and Role of Insurance Against Natural Disasters in the United States", isbn = "978-0-309-06361-6", abstract = "This book considers the effectiveness of insurance coverage for low-probability, high-consequence events such as natural disasters\u2014and how insurance programs can successfully be used with other policy tools, such as building codes and standards, to encourage effective loss reduction measures.\nThe authors discuss the reasons for the dramatic increase in insured losses from natural disasters since 1989 and the concern that insurers have about their ability to provide coverage against more such events in the future. It addresses why there has been an increasing demand for hazards insurance, what types of coverage private insurers are willing to offer, and the role of reinsurance and private-\/public-sector initiatives at the state and federal levels for providing protection to victims of natural disasters.\nDetailed case studies of the challenges facing Florida in the wake of Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and California following the Northridge earthquake in 1994 reveal the challenges facing the insurance industry as well as other concerned stakeholders. The National Flood Insurance Program illustrates how a public-\/private-sector partnership can mitigate damages and provide financial protection to victims. The book identifies new initiatives for reducing future losses and providing funds for recovery through cooperation by the relevant parties.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5784/paying-the-price-the-status-and-role-of-insurance-against", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board", title = "Using Public Transportation to Reduce the Economic, Social and Human Costs of Personal Immobility", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9438/using-public-transportation-to-reduce-the-economic-social-and-human-costs-of-personal-immobility", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }